Suchergebnisse

This paper explores the intercultural communication, cultural adjustment strategies and power relations between Finnish and Chinese representatives in the context of Chinese investment facilitation in Finland. The study is mostly based on interviews of individuals who work either for one of Finland's state agencies tasked with attracting investment or local government. When analyzing aspects of power, the paper's theoretical basis is the Positioning Theory of Harré (1991). Due to the phenomenon of 'rising China', the dominant discursive practice of the Finnish positioning is adaption to a communication and working style seen as typically Chinese. The results show the main aspects of Chinese culture, to which Finns see need of adjusting, are their distinct concepts of time, indirectness and overt hierarchy. ; peerReviewed

The importance of co-operation with China has been growing in Finland lately in view of interest to attract Chinese investments and the increasing importance of China on a global scale. Finland has established governmental agencies to aid Chinese investment and ensured the co-operation of regional and local governments in the framework activities, such as town twinning. An important part of investment facilitation and wider co-operation comprises delegation visits by both interested nations to the other country. These involve enterprise interest matchmaking events, meetings with officials, company visits, etc. Based on interview and observation data, this paper elaborates on how the phenomena related to power, positioning, and accommodation between Finnish and Chinese side are manifested during delegation visits. This study was guided by the Positioning Theory by Harré (1991) which involves the need to attend to local moral orders and centers on the view that local distribution of rights and duties determine different kinds of acts and the way episodes unfold. As potential investors, recently Chinese partners yield a different kind of power, which also affects communication between sides. However, in some contexts the discourse of China as a developing country is present as well. Local hosting traditions and being in a role of a guest or host adds some additional variety and layering to communication dynamics. The presence of various discursive positioning elements is analyzed in such aspects as preconceived attitudes, initial visiting impressions, self-presentation, reception style, and the provision of food. ; peerReviewed

This paper explores humor and laughter as sites of search for common ground and power positioning in the context of Finnish-Chinese co-operation. It is mainly based on the data obtained by interviewing individuals who work either for local governments in Finland or one of the state agencies responsible for attracting foreign investment. The study uses Positioning theory by Harré (1991) and Politeness theory by Brown and Levinson (1987) when analyzing expressions regarding humor between the Finns and the Chinese. Humor and laughter are seen as integral to co-operation and at times can assist in finding common ground and improving the atmosphere at meetings. At the same time, perceived differences in the sense of humor and the complexities of Chinese 'face' may render the use of humor during negotiations difficult. According to interviewees, both sides make adjustments in their humorous expressions for the sake of co-operation. However, power positioning and autonomy may also be asserted. ; peerReviewed

Inmersa la jurisdicción cordobesa en la Revolución de 1810, se inició en ella un proceso de militarización desplegado de acuerdo a las estructuras militares existentes en la época colonial. Dicha militarización será el ámbito en el cual los sectores subalternos comiencen a participar políticamente dentro del procesorevolucionario, ya sea, conformándose lazos y relaciones entre estos y las elites como también el despliegue de acciones para satisfacer sus propias expectativas. Para empezar a dilucidar dicha participación nos proponemos analizar los elementosconstitutivos del servicio militar: prest, vestuario, fuero y ascenso.

Through the lens of legal pluralism and state sovereignty this research examines the competence and authority of the Council of Europe and the EU to handle the market aspects (technical performance and utility) as well as privacy (consent to a medical service and data protection requirements), and examines the obligations these two legal orders place on the Member States of the EU. This research traces the avenues for coexistence between the legal orders in relation to direct-to-consumer genetic testing, and examines how the coexistence of the Council of Europe and the EU is reflected in the legal framework that is relevant to the regulation of direct-to-consumer genetic testing

Con il presente elaborato vorrei ripercorrere la storia e l'evoluzione legislativa degli ospedali psichiatrici giudiziari, così denominati nel 1975 ma ben noti fin dalla fine dell'800 come manicomi criminali, proponendo, inoltre, una riflessione sul faticoso processo di superamento degli stessi. In Italia, i manicomi criminali nascono e si sviluppano al fine di curare e custodire tutti quei soggetti autori di reato, non imputabili, in quanto incapaci di intendere/volere e garantire, pertanto, la difesa della società dai comportamenti devianti; agli autori di reato affetti da infermità mentale, nel tempo, si sono aggiunti anche i detenuti impazziti in carcere durante l'espiazione della pena. Verso la fine dell'800 e l'inizio del '900 l'istituzione manicomiale era frutto di una concezione del disturbo psichico dominata da una visione prettamente biologica; altre variabili, infatti, non erano considerate nella cura della follia. I manicomi criminali, che hanno origine nel positivismo psichiatrico e legislativo, erano luoghi di violenze e di segregazione, luoghi in cui la dignità umana aveva cessato fondamentalmente di esistere. In questa epoca di aberrazioni, qualcosa iniziò a mutare verso la metà del '900 grazie all'avvento della psicoanalisi e all'introduzione degli psicofarmaci che segnano una svolta decisiva nel trattamento del folle. Dopo lunghi silenzi e varie proposte di legge, viene sancito, con DPCM 01/04/2008, il graduale superamento dell'istituzione manicomiale. Successivamente, con la Legge n. 9 del 2012, viene disposta la chiusura definitiva degli Opg entro il primo febbraio 2013 e la loro sostituzione con strutture sanitarie regionali: le cosiddette REMS (Residenze per l'Esecuzione delle Misure di Sicurezza). Tale termine è stato poi prorogato, con la Legge 57/2013 (Decreto Legge 24/2013) fino al 31 marzo dl 2014 e, infine, con la Legge 81/2014 (Decreto Legge 52/2014) fino al 31 marzo 2015. Questo quadro evidenzia come la manovra legislativa abbia lasciato immutata la disciplina codicistica delle misure di sicurezza che resta tuttora ancorata all'idea di pericolosità del folle autore di reato. Sorge, dunque, il dubbio che il legislatore abbia optato per una strategia di restyling degli Opg, proponendo sì strutture rinnovate ma pur sempre istituzioni totali e segreganti.

Inmersa la jurisdicción cordobesa en la Revolución de 1810, se inició en ella un proceso de militarización desplegado de acuerdo a las estructuras militares existentes en la época colonial. Dicha militarización será el ámbito en el cual los sectores subalternos comiencen a participar políticamente dentro del procesorevolucionario, ya sea, conformándose lazos y relaciones entre estos y las elites como también el despliegue de acciones para satisfacer sus propias expectativas. Para empezar a dilucidar dicha participación nos proponemos analizar los elementosconstitutivos del servicio militar: prest, vestuario, fuero y ascenso.

Inmersa la jurisdicción cordobesa en la Revolución de 1810, se inició en ella un proceso de militarización desplegado de acuerdo a las estructuras militares existentes en la época colonial. Dicha militarización será el ámbito en el cual los sectores subalternos comiencen a participar políticamente dentro del procesorevolucionario, ya sea, conformándose lazos y relaciones entre estos y las elites como también el despliegue de acciones para satisfacer sus propias expectativas. Para empezar a dilucidar dicha participación nos proponemos analizar los elementosconstitutivos del servicio militar: prest, vestuario, fuero y ascenso.

The importance of co-operation with China has been growing in Finland and the rest of Europe in view of the rising global economic and political status of China and the interest in attracting Chinese investments. In Finland, government agencies have been established for this purpose, and regional and local governments are also actively involved. Delegation visits between China and Finland have been intensively on-going for some years, but matching interests and finding common ground for co-operation, trade and investment often still proves to be a challenging task. Based on interviews with Finnish representatives and on observing delegation visits, this paper explores the difficulties that Finns report to be having in moving past a general level of interest by the Chinese in Finland and presents suggested solutions. Speech codes theory by Philipsen (1997) and the notion of common ground by Stalnaker (1999) form the theoretical basis of this paper. The results illustrate how a lack of serious interest, vague or restrictive government regulations, the long time to build relationships, and the involvement of intermediaries are seen by interviewees as factors contributing to talks often remaining at a general level. Suggested strategies to create more possibilities for finding common ground and for making co-operation talks more specific include presenting areas of expertise in Finland and matching those with Chinese needs, utilizing the pragmatism that is seen to be characteristic of both cultures, and investing in building necessary connections and relationships.

This paper explores the challenge of finding common ground between the Finns and the Chinese in the context of co-operation, trade and inward investment facilitation related to general lack of specific interest displayed by the Chinese. The article is ethnographic in nature and is mainly based on data obtained from interviewing individuals working for local governments in Finland and one of the state agencies responsible for attracting foreign investment. The study uses Speech Codes Theory (Philipsen, 1997) when analyzing the cultural aspects of expectations regarding communication between Chinese and Finns. According to interviewees, lack of serious interest, vague government guidelines, the longer time needed to build relationship, and involvement of intermediaries all contribute to the difficulty to move the discussions to a more specific level of focus. Finnish expectations regarding this type of communication are that it should be direct and task-oriented, because they feel pressure to yield real results quickly and efficiently. Suggested strategies to make the co-operation talks more specific are presenting the expertise areas of Finland, clarification regarding too general terms used by the Chinese, and investing into building personal relationships with them. ; peerReviewed

The importance of co-operation with China has been growing in Finland and the rest of Europe in view of the rising global economic and political status of China and the interest in attracting Chinese investments. In Finland, government agencies have been established for this purpose, and regional and local governments are also actively involved. Delegation visits between China and Finland have been intensively on-going for some years, but matching interests and finding common ground for co-operation, trade and investment often still proves to be a challenging task. Based on interviews with Finnish representatives and on observing delegation visits, this paper explores the difficulties that Finns report to be having in moving past a general level of interest by the Chinese in Finland and presents suggested solutions. Speech codes theory by Philipsen (1997) and the notion of common ground by Stalnaker (1999) form the theoretical basis of this paper. The results illustrate how a lack of serious interest, vague or restrictive government regulations, the long time to build relationships, and the involvement of intermediaries are seen by interviewees as factors contributing to talks often remaining at a general level. Suggested strategies to create more possibilities for finding common ground and for making co-operation talks more specific include presenting areas of expertise in Finland and matching those with Chinese needs, utilizing the pragmatism that is seen to be characteristic of both cultures, and investing in building necessary connections and relationships. ; peerReviewed

Baltijas valstu dalība ES determinē nepieciešamību pēc reģionālas sadarbības – atsevišķi to lielums, resursu un zināšanu kapacitāte nespēj nodrošināt sekmīgu ES doto izaugsmes iespēju pilnvērtīgu un optimālu (ar to domājot maksimāli plašu un attiecīgajām dalībvalstīm maksimāli efektīvāko iespēju) īstenošanu. Pētījuma mērķis: izpētīt, kāda reģionālā sadarbība Baltijas valstīm būtu ekonomiskajā rakursā vēlamākā, lai nostiprinātu un vairotu Latvijas, Lietuvas, Igaunijas pozīcijas ES. Uzdevumi mērķa sasniegšanai: 1.izpētīt teorētisko pamatojumu reģionālās sadarbības ietekmei uz valstu ekonomisko izaugsmi; 2.veikt Baltijas valstu ekonomiskās reģionālās sadarbības analīzi par periodu pēc PSRS sabrukuma; 3.izpētīt ES ietvaros esošo Beniluksa un Skandināvijas valstu reģionu ekonomiskās sadarbības modeļus; 4.veikt Baltijas valstu un Beniluksa un Skandināvijas valstu reģionu salīdzinājumu, nosakot Baltijas valstu sadarbības vēlamākās perspektīvas. Pētījuma gaitā autore pierādījusi izvirzīto hipotēzi: ciešāka Baltijas valstu reģionālā integrācija nostiprinās un vairos to ekonomisko izaugsmi un potenciālu. ; Baltic states participation in EU determine necessity after regional cooperation – their size, resource and konowledge capabilities spearately can`t ensure successfull and optimal (interpreting it as maximum wide and maximum effective possibilities for every memberstate) implementation of EU given opportunities for their development. Main goal of the research: to explore, what kind of Baltic states cooperation in economic perspective would be most desirable, to strengthen and enhance the Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia position in the EU. Tasks to reach the goal: 1.to explore theoretical background of regional cooperation impact on countries economic development; 2.to analyse economic cooperation of Baltic states after USSR collapse; 3.to explore models of Benelux and Scandinavian region economic cooperation; 4.to compare Baltic states region with Benelux and Scandinavia, setting the best prospects of it`s cooperation. During research author prooved hypothesis: Pētījuma gaitā autore pierādījusi izvirzīto hipotēzi: closer regional integration of the Baltic States will strengthen and increase their economic growth and potential.

Maģistra darba "Metafora romiešu mīlas elēģijā" mērķis ir noskaidrot metaforas funkcionāli stilistisko nozīmi Ovidija un Propercija elēģijās salīdzinošā aspektā. Darbā tiek pētītas trīs metaforu grupas, kas tā iedalītas pēc to tematiskā satura: militārā, uguns un dabas metafora. Metafora atklājas visefektīgāk, ja tiek sastatīti un pētīti kopā abu autoru teksti, tādējādi ir redzama Ovidija māksla parodēt, kā arī tas, ka Ovidijam metafora funkcionē kā humoristisks situāciju un emocijas raksturojošs palīglīdzeklis. Savukārt Propercija elēģijās metafora funkcionē kā dziļu un noturīgu emociju intensitātes izteicēja. Funkcijas ir nosakāmas vien kontekstā. Metaforu var raksturot ne vien kā rotājošu elementu, bet tā palīdz arī domas skaidrošanā, kā arī noskaľas radīšanā, teksta vizualizācijas procesā, atstājot vietu lasītāja iztēlei un interpretācijai. Atslēgvārdi: mīlas elēģija, Propercijs, Ovidijs, metafora, funkcijas, emocijas.- ; The aim of the master paper "Metaphor in Roman Love Elegy" is to explore the functional and stylistic role of metaphor in Ovid's and Propertius' elegies in comparative aspect. In the present research three groups of metaphors have been explored which are divided according to the principle of content: military, fire and nature metaphor. It is possible to evaluate metaphor most effectively when texts of both authors are explored together, thus Ovid's art of parody is detected, as well as the functions of metaphor as a humoristic device to illustrate situations and emotions. Whereas in Propertius elegies metaphor functions as an illustrator of the intensity of deep and consistent emotions. Functions can be defined only in context. Metaphor can be described not only as an element of adornment, but it helps in understanding of a thought, also in creating a tone, in a visualization process, leaving a space for reader's imagination and interpretation. Key words: love elegy, Propertius, Ovid, metaphor, functions, emotions.

Maģistra darbā " "Mazais cilvēks" Aleksandra Čaka 30. gadu prozā" izpētīta "mazā cilvēka" tēla ģenēze A. Čaka daiļradē Eiropas un latviešu literatūras kontekstā. Maģistra darbā sniegts 20. gadsimta sākuma sabiedrisko un politisko notikumu ieskicējums Eiropā un Latvijā, kas kalpo kā būtisks fons tālāk aplūkotajos 20. gadsimta sākuma Eiropas un latviešu literatūras virzienos un iezīmēs, kuri pakāpeniski atsedz ceļu līdz "mazā cilvēka" tēla atveidei 20. gadsimta sākuma literatūrā. Maģistra darbā sniegti "mazo cilvēku " tēlu piemēri krievu un vācu literatūrā kā nozīmīgā latviešu literatūras ietekmes avotā. Maģistra darbā analizēts A. Čaka 30. gadu prozas "mazā cilvēka" sociālais statuss, psihes dīvainības, attiecības ar sabiedrību, vidi, ikdienu, darbu un iracionālo, kā arī sniegts ieskats likteņa ietekmei "mazā cilvēka" dzīvē. Maģistra darbā secināts, ka A. Čaka 30. gadu prozas "mazais cilvēks" ir cieši saistīts ar laikmetu, vidi un sabiedrību, kura bieži varonī veicina disharmoniju, pierādot viņa citādumu sociumā. Atslēgas vārdi: Aleksandrs Čaks, "mazais cilvēks", stāsts, indivīds un vide, indivīds un sabiedrība, indivīds un liktenis. ; Master's work " "A Little Man" in Aleksandrs Čaks's Prose of the 1930s" found out genesis of "a little man" character in creation of A. Čaks in European and latvian literature context. Master's work includes information about social and political events at beginning of 20th century as a important background of movements and features in European and latvian literature. Those movements and features gradually show the reasons of "a little man's" character's reproduction in the first decades of 20th century. Master's work includes examples of "a little man's" character's in russian and german literature as important sources of influence in latvian literature. Master's work analises "a little man's" character's in A. Čaks's prose of the 1930s social status, psyche, relationships with society, surroundings, routine, job, irrational, as well as destiny's influence in a "little man's" life. In conclusion, "a little man" in A. Čaks prose of the 1930s is tied with his age, surroundings, society, which are disharmonious and show "a little man's" character differences from society. Key words: Aleksandrs Čaks, "a little man", story, individual and surroundings, individual and society, individual and destiny

Maģistra darba tēma ir "Nācijas tieksme pēc teritorijas: cionisms un Izraēlas premjerministru teritoriālā politika laikā no 1996. līdz 2013. gadam". Teritorija ir resurss, par kuru jau izsenis ir cīnījušās tautas, un nespēja sadalīt zemi ir arī iemesls Izraēlas – Palestīnas ieilgušajam konfliktam. Darbā autore pēta to, kas ir teritorialitātes pamatā, kā ir mainījies cionisms, kādu lomu tas ieņēmis Izraēlas Valsts izveidē, kā arī to, kāda ir Izraēlas politisko līderu retorika un teritoriālā politika laikā no 1996. līdz 2013. gadam. Darba teorētiskā bāze ir D. Storija grāmata Territory: The Claiming of Space (2001), savukārt empīriskā daļa balstās uz cionisma izpēti, Izraēlas premjerministru publiskajām runām un statistikas datu analīzi. Atslēgvārdi: teritorialitāte, cionisms, Izraēla, revizionisms, apmetnes ; Master's thesis: "Territorial Claims of a Nation: Zionism and the Territorial Policies of Israeli Prime Ministers form 1996 to 2013" deals with territoriality, as territory has always been the source of clashes between nations, and this is also the cause of long-drawn Israeli – Palestinian conflict. The author inquires territoriality, Zionism and its role in state-building, as well as rhetoric and territorial policies of Israeli Prime Ministers form 1996 to 2013. Theory of the paper is based on book Territory: the Claiming of Space by D. Storey (2001), but empirical part is based on inquiry of Zionism, public speeches of Israeli Prime Ministers and statistical data. Key words: territoriality, Zionism, Israel, revisionism, settlements