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Following the decolonization movements that swept the globe after World War II, between four and six million people were 'returned' to Europe from the colonies. From an exporter of people, Europe turned to a site of immigration for the first time in the twentieth century. Until now, these migrations have been overlooked as scholars have highlighted instead the parallel migrations of former 'colonized' peoples. Europe's Invisible Migrants corrects this bias. This multidisciplinary volume presents essays by prominent sociologists, historians, and anthropologists on their research with these 'invisible' migrant communities. Their work highlights the experiences of colonists returning to France, Portugal and the Netherlands, the intersection of race, citizenship, and colonial ideologies, and the ways these migrations reflect the return of the 'colonial' to Europe. This volume offers fresh insights into immigration, racism and ethnic conflict in post-colonial Europe by presenting colonial repatriates as another 'immigrant' population.

Abstract: Employment of foreign labor in Germany is generally perceived as a recent phenomenon; Germany's pre‐war experiences with foreign labor do not figure prominently in public discussion. This article analyzes the active omission of this aspect of the past as an important feature of German social memory. Drawing largely on Ulrich Herbert's research, the forgotten' history of pre‐ and post‐war experiences with foreign labor is summarized. This provides a perspective on the significant parallels between conflicts today and those of prior periods and exposes a fundamental conflict within the state regarding the use of foreign labor. Anti‐foreigner violence is reinterpreted as representing a failure of the state to maintain ideological unity without periodically responding to powerful and enduring anti‐foreigner pressure.

"Using the economic crisis as a starting point, Messy Europe offers a critical new look at the issues of race, gender, and national understandings of self and other in contemporary Europe. It highlights and challenges historical associations of Europe with whiteness and modern civilization, and asks how these associations are re-envisioned, re-inscribed, or contested in an era characterized by crises of different kinds. This important collection provides a nuanced exploration of how racialized identities in various European regions are played out in the crisis context, and asks what work "crisis talk" does, considering how it motivates public feelings and shapes bodies, boundaries and communities."--Provided by publisher

Frontmatter -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Sexual Violence as a Tool of Genocide -- Chapter 2 Boarding School Abuses and the Case for Reparations -- Chapter 3 Rape of the Land -- Chapter 4 "Better Dead than Pregnant" -- Chapter 5 "Natural Laboratories" -- Chapter 6 Spiritual Appropriation as Sexual Violence -- Chapter 7 Anticolonial Responses to Gender Violence -- Chapter 8 U.S. Empire and the War Against Native Sovereignty -- Endnotes -- Resource Guide -- Index