Suchergebnisse

Letter concerning a report of work done by the library administration at Utah Agricultural College, with a copy of the report attached.

Purpose
Traditional definitions of aging in place often define aging in place specifically as the ability to remain in one's own home or community setting in later life. The purpose of this paper is to reframe aging in place and show how narrowly defined aging in place models can be potentially negative constructs that limit options for older adults. The authors propose a paradigm shift, or a re-framing of, the popularized idea of aging in place. The authors challenge mainstream and literature-based beliefs that are deeply rooted to the idea that aging in place ideally happens in the home in which a person has lived for many years.


Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews common concepts and constructs associated with aging in place as well as gaps or exclusions, and US-based aging in place policy initiatives favoring the aging in place model.


Findings
An expanded definition of aging in place embraces heterogeneity in residence types and living options. A realistic assessment of person-environment fit, matching an older person's capabilities to his or her environmental demands, allows for the development of additional aging in place options for those living across the continuum of care.


Social implications
Aging in place should be moved from the personal "success" or "failure" of an older individual to include the role of society and societal views and policies in facilitating or hindering aging in place options. The authors demonstrate that these options, in facilities within the continuum of care, can be thought of as appealing for older persons of all levels of physical and cognitive functioning.


Originality/value
Research about aging in place tends to stress the value of one place (one's home) over other living settings. This limits the ability of people to age in place and curtails discussion of all the items necessary to maintain place.

In this Perspective on the research article by Ulucanlar and colleagues, Elizabeth Smith and Patricia McDaniel discuss how industry opposition to regulation can undermine the public's overall confidence in government and science.

The long history of college in prison / Max Kenner -- The economics of prisoner reentry / Daniel Shoag and Stan Veuger -- Second chance pell pilot program : from policy to practice / Andrea Cantora -- Reentry programs, evaluation methods and the importance of fidelity / Nancy La Vigne -- The legal case for education in prison / Ames C. Grawert -- Young mens initiative : nine lessons for elected officials, investors, and criminal justice advocates / Linda Gibbs -- Collateral damage : the war on drugs and the impact on women, children, and families / Renita L. Seabrook -- The importance of work / Will Heaton -- Entrepreneurs, innovation, and new opportunities to reform criminal justice / Thomas G. Stewart -- Student voices / Karen Jones, Brian Amaro, Salih Israil, Marcus Lilly, and Michelle Jones.

1. Why do we need a science of politics? / Elizabeth S. Smith and Akan Malici -- 2. How do we get a science of politics? / Akan Malici and Elizabeth S. Smith -- 3. The comparative case study method: "Uncivil Society" in the Arab uprisings / Zaid Eyadat -- 4. Field research: Navigating politically sensitive research in China / Katherine Palmer Kaup -- 5. Interviewing in political science research: Who resists injustice? / Kristina Thalhammer -- 6. Critical and interpretive research: Understanding torture's popularity in the United States / Brent J. Steele -- 7. Statistical research: Lack of citizenship, the Achilles' heel of Latino political power / Adrian D. Pantoja and Sarah Allen Gershon -- 8. Survey research: Religion and electoral behavior in the United States, 1936-2016 / Lyman A. Kellstedt and James L. Guth -- 9. Public policy and program evaluation: Does high school type affect college success? / David J. Fleming, Joshua M. Cowen, and Deven Carlson -- 10. Content analysis: Congressional communication through broadcast and new media / C. Danielle Vinson -- 11. Field experiments: Wired to mobilize: the effect of social networking messages on voter turnout / Holly Teresi and Melissa R. Michelson -- 12. Normative and ethical considerations of Political Science research / Elizabeth S. Smith and Akan Malici

To determine the appropriate components for a community-based intervention for early childhood development, a broad series of stakeholder interviews was completed in a three-month period (January–March 2019) and a systematic review of their responses was performed. Additionally, 11 citywide assessment reports for child equity were reviewed and added to the information matrix. We performed this population-based assessment in San Francisco, a dense urban environment with roughly 43,000 children under the age of 5. The city has high rates of income inequity, with roughly half of the children considered to be living in low-income or poverty conditions. Interviews were conducted with 34 stakeholders representing various sectors, including community organizations, government, healthcare, and academia. Nine main concerns surrounding low-income families and children (LIFC) living in San Francisco were extracted from stakeholder interviews. The concerns were divided into subcategories based on a socioecological health model. City-funded, community-based, family resource centers were an identified space for performing an early childhood health intervention supporting LIFC. Furthermore, any proposed intervention to support LIFC must be implemented with a culturally tailored focus, as a one-size-fits-all, clinic-based model is not desired. Community-engaged and culturally specific activities are requested and required for effectively promoting early childhood development in an urban environment. In this article we propose that additional work towards implementing community-based interventions with support from the clinic are needed.

Purpose. To examine perceptions of military personnel about tobacco use. Design. Secondary analysis of (1) focus group and (2) interview data. Setting. U.S. military. Subjects. Total participants (n = 241): Enlisted personnel, supervisors (n = 189 individuals participating in 23 focus groups), tobacco control managers, and policy leaders (n = 52 interview participants). Intervention. Not applicable. Measures. Not applicable. Analysis. Inductive, iterative coding for salient themes using an interpretive approach. Application of the concept of mediatory myths, used by institutions to cover over internal contradictions. Results. All types of participants endorsed the idea that tobacco was needed in the military for stress relief. Types of stress identified included fitting in, (relationships with coworkers and superiors) and control of workflow (taking breaks). Participants also discussed beliefs about the impact of tobacco on the military mission, and institutional sanction of tobacco use. Conclusion. Despite tobacco's well-documented negative effects on fitness, the myth that tobacco relieves stress serves several institutional functions in the military. It serves to minimize perceptions of stress on the fitness of personnel, suggests that stress can be managed solely by individuals, and institutionalizes tobacco use. Growing recognition among military leadership that countering stress is essential to fitness offers an opportunity to challenge this myth.

PurposeTo examine perceptions of military personnel about tobacco use.DesignSecondary analysis of (1) focus group and (2) interview data.SettingU.S. military.SubjectsTotal participants (n = 241): Enlisted personnel, supervisors (n = 189 individuals participating in 23 focus groups), tobacco control managers, and policy leaders (n = 52 interview participants).InterventionNot applicable.MeasuresNot applicable.AnalysisInductive, iterative coding for salient themes using an interpretive approach. Application of the concept of mediatory myths, used by institutions to cover over internal contradictions.ResultsAll types of participants endorsed the idea that tobacco was needed in the military for stress relief. Types of stress identified included fitting in, (relationships with coworkers and superiors) and control of workflow (taking breaks). Participants also discussed beliefs about the impact of tobacco on the military mission, and institutional sanction of tobacco use.ConclusionDespite tobacco's well-documented negative effects on fitness, the myth that tobacco relieves stress serves several institutional functions in the military. It serves to minimize perceptions of stress on the fitness of personnel, suggests that stress can be managed solely by individuals, and institutionalizes tobacco use. Growing recognition among military leadership that countering stress is essential to fitness offers an opportunity to challenge this myth.

Smoking impairs the readiness and performance of military personnel, yet congressional opposition has thwarted military tobacco control initiatives. Involvement of civilian organizations might alter this political dynamic. We interviewed 13 leaders of national civilian public health and tobacco control organizations to explore their perspectives on military tobacco control, inductively analyzing data for themes. Leaders believed that military tobacco use was problematic but lacked specific knowledge. Most supported smoke-free policies and prohibiting smoking in uniform; however, they opposed banning tobacco use, arguing that it would violate smokers' rights. Most leaders inappropriately applied civilian models of policy development to the military context. A tobacco-free military is unlikely to be achieved without military-civilian partnerships that include educating civilian health leaders about military policy development and implementation.

Smoking impairs the readiness and performance of military personnel, yet congressional opposition has thwarted military tobacco control initiatives. Involvement of civilian organizations might alter this political dynamic.