ARTICLES - Estimating Party Influence in Congressional Roll-Call Voting
In: American journal of political science: AJPS, Band 44, Heft 2, S. 193-211
ISSN: 0092-5853
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In: American journal of political science: AJPS, Band 44, Heft 2, S. 193-211
ISSN: 0092-5853
In: American political science review, Band 90, Heft 2, S. 303-315
ISSN: 1537-5943
Minimal winning coalitions have appeared as a key prediction or as an essential assumption of virtually all formal models of coalition formation, vote buying, and logrolling. Notwithstanding this research, we provide a model showing that supermajority coalitions may be cheaper than minimal winning coalitions. Specifically, if vote buyers move sequentially, and if the losing vote buyer is always granted a last chance to attack the winner's coalition, then minimal winning coalitions will generally not be cheapest, and equilibrium coalitions will generally not be minimal winning. We provide results relating equilibrium coalition size with preferences of the legislators and vote buyers, and we show that minimal winning coalitions should occur in only rare cases. We discuss these results in light of empirical work on coalition size and suggest other possible avenues for testing our model.
In: American political science review, Band 90, Heft 2, S. 303-315
ISSN: 0003-0554
Minimal winning coalitions have appeared as a key prediction or as an essential assumption of virtually all formal models of coalition formation, vote buying, and logrolling. Notwithstanding this research, we provide a model showing that supermajority coalitions may be cheaper than minimal winning coalitions. Specifically, if vote buyers move sequentially, and if the losing vote buyer is always granted a last chance to attack the winner's coalition, then minimal winning coalitions will generally not be cheapest, and equilibrium coalitions will generally not be minimal winning. We provide results relating equilibrium coalition size with preferences of the legislators and vote buyers, and we show that minimal winning coalitions should occur in only rare cases. We discuss these results in light of empirical work on coalition size and suggest other possible avenues for testing our model. (American Political Science Review / FUB)
World Affairs Online
In: American journal of political science: AJPS, Band 38, Heft 3, S. 745-769
ISSN: 0092-5853
In: Legislative studies quarterly, Band 19, Heft 2, S. 233-266
ISSN: 0362-9805
In: American journal of political science: AJPS, Band 36, Heft 1, S. 1, 31, 36
ISSN: 0092-5853
In: The journal of politics: JOP, S. 000-000
ISSN: 1468-2508
In: Quarterly journal of political science: QJPS, Band 10, Heft 4, S. 433-459
ISSN: 1554-0634
In: Political science research and methods: PSRM, Band 3, Heft 3, S. 493-514
ISSN: 2049-8489
This paper uses a regression discontinuity design to estimate the degree to which incumbents scare off challengers with previous officeholder experience. The estimates indicate a surprisingly small amount of scare-off, at least in cases where the previous election was nearly tied. As Lee and others have shown (and as we confirm for our samples) the estimated party incumbency advantage in these same cases is quite large—in fact, it is about as large as the average incumbency advantage for all races found using other approaches. Drawing from previous estimates of the electoral value of officeholder experience, we thus calculate that scare-off in these cases accounts for only about 5–7 percent of the party incumbency advantage. We show that these patterns are similar in elections for US House seats, statewide offices and US senate seats, and state legislative seats.
In: The journal of politics: JOP, Band 70, Heft 2, S. 477-486
ISSN: 1468-2508
In: Political analysis: PA ; the official journal of the Society for Political Methodology and the Political Methodology Section of the American Political Science Association, Band 11, Heft 4, S. 419-444
ISSN: 1476-4989
We develop a model of legislative policymaking in which individual legislators are concerned with both policy and reelection. Legislators' preferences are private information, and they have two means of communicating their preferences to voters. First, they each have a "party label" that credibly identifies an interval within which their ideal points must lie. Second, their roll call votes may convey additional information about their preferences. Each legislator must therefore tailor his or her votes to his or her district in order to forestall a reelection challenge from the opposing party. In equilibrium, nonsincere voting records will occur mostly in moderate districts, where extreme incumbents are vulnerable to challenges from relatively centrist candidates. In those districts, the most extreme legislators may even choose to vote sincerely and retire rather than compile a moderate voting record. Thus, both roll call scores and candidate types will be responsive to district type. An empirical test of shifts in roll call scores of retiring House members in moderate districts confirms these findings.
In: Political analysis: official journal of the Society for Political Methodology, the Political Methodology Section of the American Political Science Association, Band 11, Heft 4, S. 419-444
ISSN: 1047-1987
In: American journal of political science: AJPS, Band 46, Heft 1, S. 90-110
ISSN: 0092-5853
This article studies a model of political parties as informative "brands" to voters. Voters are assumed to be risk averse & incompletely informed about candidate ideal policies, & candidates are unable to commit to a declared policy platform. In this environment, parties can play a critical role by aggregating ideologically similar candidates & signaling their preferences to voters. This signaling is effective because party membership imposes costs, which screen out candidates whose preferences are not sufficiently close to the party's platform. We find that when party labels are very informative, the parties' platforms converge. When party labels are less informative, however, platforms diverge, because taking an extreme position allows a party to reduce the variance of its members' preferences. As parties become less able to impose costs on their members, or less able to screen out certain types of candidates, their platforms move further apart. 1 Table, 3 Figures, 1 Appendix, 45 References. Adapted from the source document.
In: American journal of political science: AJPS, Band 46, Heft 1, S. 90-110
ISSN: 0092-5853
In: Journal of political economy, Band 105, Heft 1, S. 30-53
ISSN: 1537-534X