Suchergebnisse

FOOD HABITS, DIETARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS DURING ECONOMIC CRISIS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA Th. Ninuk Sri Hartini, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, Dept. of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Community Health and Nutrition Research Laboratories, Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia; Nutrition Academy, Ministry of Health, Jogjakarta, Indonesia ABSTRACT Objectives: The overall objective of this thesis was to study the effect of the economic crisis on food habits, dietary intake and nutritional status among pregnant women in Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Subjects and methods: Since 1994, the Community Health and Nutrition Research Laboratories (CHN-RL), Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia have operated a surveillance system in Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Between 1996 and 1998, a monthly monitoring of new pregnancies took place within the surveillance system. This project included a detailed evaluation of dietary intake during pregnancy. Each trimester six repeated 24-hour recalls were conducted on 450 pregnant women. Weight and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured monthly, height and serum ferritin concentration was measured once. Here, the dietary intake and nutritional status of the women during the second trimester are evaluated in relation to the emergence of the economic crisis, that started in 1997. Women were classified into four socio-economic groups. A computer program (Inafood) was developed to calculate nutrient intake. To support the quantitative results, a qualitative study was carried out between January and June 1999. Focus group discussions were held with four groups of women, in-depth interviews with 16 women, three traditional birth attendants and four midwives, and observations were carried out with four women. Here, food habits and coping strategies in relation to the economic crisis were explored. Results: Before the crisis, more than 80% of the pregnant women had inadequate energy and 40% had inadequate protein and vitamin A intake. All women had inadequate calcium and iron intake. The food intake consisted of rice, nuts and pulses and vegetables, meaning that it was mainly plant-based food. Rice behaved as a strongly inferior good in economic term, meaning that its consumption increased in spite of its price increase. Rice remained an important supplier of energy, protein and carbohydrates also during the crisis. Especially, rural, poor women with access to rice fields increased their rice intake and decreased their intake of non-rice staple foods. Reasons for the continued rice intake included the women had been accustomed to eating rice since they were born and that cooking methods for non-rice staple foods were difficult. The intake of animal food was low initially and decreased further during the economic crisis. Rich women decreased their intake of fat. The intake of nuts and pulses and vegetables increased for most groups. Nuts and pulses were an important supplier of calcium and iron, and vegetables were an important supplier of vitamin A. The rural, poor women with access to rice fields kept their food taboos also during the crisis. Rich women were able to maintain a good nutrient intake during the crisis, although fat intake decreased. Also, urban poor and rural, poor, landless women had an increased intake "during crisis" because relatives and neighbour provided some foods and perhaps also because of the government support programme. Conclusion: Before the crisis, energy and nutrient intake of pregnant women were inadequate. The food pattern of the women was predominately plant-based. Rich women were able to maintain a good nutrient intake during the crisis, although fat intake decreased. Rural poor women with access to rice fields had a higher rice intake than other groups throughout the crisis. Urban poor and rural poor, landless women experienced a decreased intake of most nutrients in the transition period but an increased intake during the crisis, reflecting government intervention and support from relatives and neighbours. The latter, however, is not sustainable. Thus, vulnerable groups are at risk of developing nutritional deficiencies without food support programmes. Key words: Food intake, nutrient intake, nutritional status, food pattern, pregnancy, food habits, coping strategies, economic crisis, Indonesia.

This study aims find out and analyze the Kiai's leadership model and strategy in the development of Sunan Drajat Islamic Boarding School in Lamongan district, East Java province. The research approach and strategy chosen in this research process is a qualitative research approach. Research informants were: Leader of Islamic Boarding Schools, Boarding Schools, Santri, Communities around Islamic Boarding Schools and Regional Governments. Data collection in this study uses two ways, namely interviews and documentation. Data analysis in this study used the method of Milles and Hubernan (1984) which consisted of: Data Reduction, Display Data and Conclusion Drawings. In this study it was concluded that the leadership style of a Kiai was very influential in the strategy of developing Islamic boarding schools. The vision of Islamic boarding schools is in the figure of the Kiai. The vision is implemented in a leadership style in managing Islamic boarding schools. This study recommends research on the role of output society.

Dalam rangka upaya penanggulangan dilakukan Pembatasan sosial berskala besar. Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) di Indonesia saat ini sudah semakin meningkat dan meluas lintas wilayah dan lintas negara yang diiringi dengan jumlah kasus dan/atau jumlah kematian. Peningkatan tersebut berdampak pada aspek politik, ekonomi, sosial, budaya, pertahanan dan keamanan, serta kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia, sehingga diperlukan percepatan penanganan Covid-19 dalam bentuk tindakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar dalam rangka menekan penyebaran Covid-19 semakin meluas. Tindakan tersebut meliputi pembatasan kegiatan tertentu penduduk dalam suatu wilayah yang diduga terinfeksi Covid-19 termasuk pembatasan terhadap pergerakan orang dan/atau barang untuk satu provinsi atau kabupaten/kota tertentu untuk mencegah penyebaran Covid-19.Tulisan ini betujuan untuk mengkaji dan membahas aspek hukum yang berkaitan dengan Pembatasan Sosial berskala Besar sesuai peraturan Bupati Pasal (03) No.42 Tahun 2020 untuk menekan penyebaran covid-19.

Indonesia is an archipelago country with thousand of islands. Sea transportation has an important and strategic function, in particular, the national shipping. It is called 'Conditio Sinequa Non' due to its major role from the beginning of Indonesian national development in many aspect of lives: politics, economy, culture, social and defense. All of these aspects would be effective and efficient if sea transportation could realize the functions within itself and act exactly in the way it should be.Sea transportation still does not have the right pattern for its routine operation (i.e, accomplishing its mission functions), particularly because of merely focusing in economic aspect. As the result, an inequitable trips distribution occured. In order to overcome these, we should anticipate appropriate and suitable ways with the hope to prevent our shipment companies and industries from a non-healthy business climate. In return, it will bring positive impact to our social, economy, politic and defence lives.We have to develop a new network of traffic of shipment that could connect every supply and demand points. Based on this, we will be able to arrange new routes in order to get all of people and cargo well distributed including the capability to anticipate all of changes in the distribution pattern that might happen.There are steps to be made in making routes arrangements, but first we have to get origin-destination matrix. Within this matrix we analyze the generation pattern of all dominant ports. After that, we could arrange cargo generation pattern in macro and hierarchy term. The port hierarchy will then determine which ones are going to be the main routes and which are the second routes.In order to make the new proposed routes working more effectively and to assure the continual existing of our national shipping, further study needs to be taken. This study will be about the need for using 'cobotage' principle.

Village secretary assumed as a strategic occupation in the village government because the function as a proxy lead village. At the moment, Law No. 32 Year 2004 concerning Local Government have made arrangement this occupation status, which initially village secretary is not a public servant and now because some reasons will fill by Public Servant. How the policy of admission filling of this occupation? In the case, the government should make regulation which can guarantee the orderliness and protect the society. Keyword: Village, village secretary and government policy

Election administrative violations occur at the time of the implementation of the general election by election organizers and contestants. Sometimes, they do not realize that they have committed a violation. Since the general election during the reformation period after the fall of the New Order in Indonesia, there have been frequent violations of election administration resolved through administrative courts through the State Administrative Court. The dispute resolution was carried out after complaints were made through Bawaslu and DKPP as administrative dispute resolution (ADR) institutions and did not bring results. This administrative violation is considered detrimental to the candidate contesting the election, causing a dispute between the candidate contesting the election and the organizers of the general election. This article examines the process of resolving electoral administrative disputes in Indonesia and the judiciary's role in resolving electoral administrative disputes. Several examples of cases of election administration violations that occurred and their causes obtained through empirical studies using the technique of documenting judges' decisions that have permanent legal force at the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia were analyzed using inductive logic.

The policy of human rights protection for prisoners in penitentiary DIY using combination method which are elite policy and rational policy. The application of elite policy is having correlation with prisoner's human rights protection, where as the type of rights, just followed what has been set in the legislation of policy. More over the policy changes as outlined in the legislation just a patchwork. As for rational policy method can be seen in the implementation of human rights compliance for prisoners, which is in real life required the creativity of penitentiary's officers considering humanity aspect. Kebijakan perlindungan hak asasi manusia terhadap narapidana di lingkungan lembaga pemasyarakatan se-DIY cenderung menggunakan model kebijakan elite. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari pemberian perlindungan hak narapidana yang hanya mengikuti apa yang telah diatur dalam kebijakan-kebijakan pusat. Selain itu, perubahan kebijakan yang dituangkan dalam peraturan perundangan hanya sekedar tambal sulam. Namun demikian, dalam pelaksanaan teknis pada kenyataannya mengharuskan kreativitas petugas lembaga pemasyarakatan sesuai dengan kebutuhan lapangan mengingat aspek kemanusiaan. Namun aspek kreativitas ini tetap mendasarkan pada peraturan yang ada. Dengan demikian terdapat juga sedikit unsur model kebijakan rasional dalam tahap pelaksanaan pemenuhan HAM narapidana.

Penyakit kulit terinduksi obat atau disebut juga drug eruption merupakan reaksi toksik yang menyebabkan gangguan pada kulit setelah penggunaan obat. Drug eruption merupakan reaksi obat yang paling umum ditemukan. Obat yang banyak menginduksi reaksi ini adalah antibiotik dan AINS (antiinflamasi non-steroid). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola kejadian penyakit kulit terinduksi obat, menentukan obat yang paling banyak diduga sebagai penyebab, dan menentukan jenis penyakit kulit terinduksi obat yang paling banyak terjadi pada tahun 2009-2011 di salah satu rumah sakit pemerintah di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan mendata laporan Monitoring Efek Samping Obat (MESO) dan rekam medik pasien rawat inap kelas III bagian kulit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada periode 2009""2011 terdata 250 kasus drug eruption dengan adanya peningkatan jumlah setiap tahunnya. Obat yang paling banyak diduga menjadi penyebab adalah antibiotik terutama amoksisilin (oral) dan jenis penyakit kulit terinduksi obat yang banyak terjadi adalah drug eruption yaitu reaksi kulit dengan manifestasi klinik berupa kemerahan dan makulopapular.Kata kunci: penyakit kulit terinduksi obat, drug eruption, amoksisilin, studi retrospektifAbstractDrug induced skin disease or also known as drug eruption is a toxic reaction that causes skin disorder after drug administration. Drug eruption is the most common drug reaction. Antibiotic and NSAID (non-streoidal anti-inflammatory drug) were drugs that often induce this reaction. This study was made to identify the pattern of drug eruption incidence, to determine the most suspected drug, and to determine the most occurred type of drug eruption in year 2009-2011 in one of the government hospital in Bandung. This study was done retrospectively by using MESO report and medical records of dermatology patients in third class wards. According to this study, it can be concluded that in year 2009 "" 2011, there were 250 drug induce skin disease cases ...

Background: Vegetable consumption of Indonesian population, especially children still not in accordance with government recommendations are 4-5 servings a day. Elementary school student is a very decisive period of good growth and development. A balanced nutritious food intake is essential to ensure healthy and active child growth. If eating habits by applying healthy and balanced nutritious food early given, then the habit will affect until growing up later. Nutrition education efforts in schools have a great opportunity to successfully improve the knowledge about nutrition among the community because the school students are expected to be a bridge for teachers with their parents, teachers as educators in teaching and learning process have an influence on their students. The right media will increase enthusiasm self-study according to the environment and enable students to learn by themselves according to their interests and abilities. Objective: This research are Quasi experiment (experiment) is doing experimental activities, which aims to determine the effects that arise, as a result of a particular treatment Method:. Research design is "pre test and post test with contol group design". The subjects of the study were 30 student of elementary school from SDN Godean 1 as a counseling group and 30 students from SDN Godean 2 as a group of vegetable cards. Result: The results concluded that there was no difference in the level of knowledge of the sample on vegetables before treatment was given. There is an increase in students' knowledge of vegetables after being given treatment with lectures and media of vegetable cards. Conclusion: Couseling about vegetables using vegetable card media was more effective than treatment with lecture method toward improvement of elementary school student knowledge. Keywords: Counseling, vegetables, cards, elementary school student

The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting academic processes around the world and the emergence of problems in students. School counsellors have a significant role in helping problems and developing student potential through counselling services with digital technology media. This study focuses on discovering various technologies that were applied and used by school counsellors in the process of counselling services during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used a case study method, and a qualitative descriptive method with totally subject 20 teacher professional education alumni worked as school counsellors in various islands in Indonesia. The research instrument used an open questionnaire with distribution through google form media and descriptive qualitative data analysis. The results of the study found that asynchronous media and technology-based synchronous media were the leading alternatives for online counselling services during the Covid-19 epidemic. The use of asynchronous media with WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram or social media, as well as synchronous media with Zoom, Webex, Google Meeting, or Hangout, can help solve problems and develop student potential. Recommendations for school counsellors to immediately adapt to the era of disruption and technology in counselling services. The following advice for the government is the administration of teacher and student welfare.