Suchergebnisse

The history of official relations between Russia and Japan encompasses a period of a little more than one hundred and fifty years, but stretch back unofficially for at least double that amount of time. But for both Russia and Japan, these relations have never been a key element of foreign policy, indispensable or intrinsically important for their diplomatic strategy. It is also noteworthy that for most of this time Russia and Japan were enemies, rivals, competitors. For both parties the significance of bilateral relations to a large extent was determined by their geographical proximity. This geographically predestined relationship can be characterized as 'distant neighbors'. At the same time, at certain historical stages, this neighborhood was not so 'distant'. The countries managed to establish relations in the economic sphere while tourism cultural scientific and educational ties were actively developing. The complexity of the relations which developed for just over three centuries is worthy of study. This book analyzes these three centuries of Japan-Russia relations so as not to miss out any essential factors of the relationship.

Despite the formal abolition of the 'pillars', in practice they have been preserved by special rules for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The current academic discourse about the CFSP reflects the dichotomy of supranational and intergovernmental EU components. The Russian 'hybrid war' as well as the concept of a 'comprehensive approach' for crisis management stressed the inter-dependence of different EU policies as well as the common responsibility of the EU institutions with no place for the existing division of the EU foreign policies. The article argues that the further development of supranational practices within the CFSP is a rational response to current 'hybrid'1 challenges. This argument is supported by the post-Lisbon CFSP institutional dynamics, which reveal the need for synergy in this policy area and simultaneously offers a number of practical steps towards re-shaping its institutional architecture.

For Ukraine strategic partnership with NATO is an integral part of the European integration course as complementary to the process of internal reforms in the context of the implementation of the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part.
The significant part of the thesis is devoted to classifications of indicators that measure the European integration progress. In addition to the existing classifications, the author suggests using a new one that analyzes all indicators according to two parameters: (1) as markers of how public administration values (legality, integrity/honesty, transparency, accountability, effectiveness) are adjusted and level of trust for public institution was changed over time; (2) as measurements of ability to integrate into different fields (policies, economy, law approximation, social field etc). The analysis of these indicators helped to generate their taxonomy to measure a progress. The author has specified that the lack of deep relations within regional trade agreements with democratic countries results in poor quality of regulation and ineffective governmental performance in Ukraine.

AbstractThe current efforts of Moscow and Tokyo to unblock the territorial impasse are complicated by some barriers of a socio-psychological character, including mutual mistrust and contradictory images of past events. Public opinion surveys reveal predominant vectors in Russo-Japanese relations, which the authors believe strongly correlate with the evolution of the contradictory images. Apparently, these images surprisingly exhibit interrelated 'mirror' dynamics connected with the independent variable – events happening in bilateral relations. Apparently, these images surprisingly exhibit interrelated 'mirror' dynamics connected with the independent variable – events happening in bilateral relations. The authors also investigate how public opinion has a real impact on politics and relations between states. In the authors' opinion, Russia and Japan definitely do not have major unresolved problems in their bilateral relations, with the exception of the territorial problem. However, why is the public so suspicious of Russia? Can the territorial dispute be the only reason? It is far from that. The analyzed arguments give grounds to believe that it is very difficult for Japan and Russia to find a mutually acceptable solution, as their relations are not free from suspicion and mutual mistrust which are deeply rooted in the history of their relations. It will be much easier to overcome the mistrust and, accordingly, to reach agreement on the territorial issue when they manage to calmly analyze the historical grudges, understand their nature and origin, and realize that this is history, which has no contemporary value.

Для Японии характерна приоритетная роль во внешнеполитическом процессе исполнительной власти, а внутри нее - отдельных ведомств, ведущих между собой постоянное соперничество, при относительной слабости координирующей роли кабинета министров. Вместе с тем все большее воздействие оказывает в последнее время общественное мнение страны, что во многом связано с усилением значения популизма как важного политического ресурса действующей власти.

While the threats that turned Europe into the most explosive part of the world in the last century appear to be quite relevant for Asia, the European-style security institutions do not seem to work for Asia. The key reasons are the historically embedded roots of the insecurity, more acute territorial divisions, specific (non-Western) understanding of security, and ethnically-driven separatist and irredentist movements. Also, as deglobalization increases and the international system becomes less and less manageable, East Asian countries tend to push harder for pursuing an autonomous security policy.

Advertising expands and improves sales channels, accelerates money turnover, thereby increasing overall effectiveness of functioning of national economy and its integration into the world economy in general. The analysis of the current trends and future prospects of management of the advertising market of Ukraine at the world level is carried out in the article. In particular, the analysis of the current structure of the world advertising market is made. The assessment of retrospective tendencies of development of the advertising and communication market of Ukraine is carried out. The identification of perspective volumes of the advertising market of Ukraine is made. The forecast of perspective volumes of the advertising market of Ukraine within the next three years is made. In general, the given research allows to allocate problems of the modern advertising market of Ukraine and offers the ways of improvement of the state advertising policy of Ukraine.

The article deals with the mechanism of the religious conversion of the 18th century Königsberg writer J.G. Hamann as well as the infl uence of this event on his subsequent literary activity characterized by an insightful critique of the Enlightenment project. In his autobiography not geared toward the public, this conversion has features of a typical Pietist conversion with its peculiar language as well as normative accents on feelings along with the lowered role of reason. His debut work "Socratic Memorabilia", however, which was addressed to I. Kant and I.K. Berens, served as vindication of his new "Weltanschauung", and enables one to interpret his conversion as a transition to a new conceptual scheme with its own distinct interpretation of texts, ideas, and events. Theological-philosophical foundations of Hamann's conversion have greater signifi cance than its psychological aspects. Within this framework, the former life is then viewed from a different perspective. However, it is the text and the author behind the text (rather than internal feeling of the heart) that is primary to Hamann. This text presupposes subsequent authorship of Hamann himself. Thus, the London conversion experience of Hamann may not be reduced to ecstasy, elimination of cognitive and rational capacities, but rather viewed as "metanoia", a change of thinking, way of life, and worldview. From this perspective it is more appropriate to view the ensuing philosophical career of Hamann as activity in a different framework rather than conceptualization of personal experience of conversion. While his efforts were directed at a variety of subjects (theology and philosophy of history, aesthetics, philosophy of language, correlation of faith and reason, critique of political basis of the Enlightenment), the very thrust of his thinking was governed by a conceptual scheme, which in turn also implied a different lifestyle (attitude to professional activity, family, and marriage), incongruent with the conventional notions of the time.

Electrochemical charge/discharge mechanisms in the electrophoretically deposited CdSe quantum dot (QD)film electrodes in NBu4PF6 acetonitrile solution have been investigated. The films were deposited from CdSe colloidal solution in nitrobenzene at variable QD size (diameter) from 3.4 to 6.3 nm onto transparent conducting glass substrates. Electrochemical behavior and optical response were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ absorption spectroscopy. Electrochemical charging under an inert gas atmosphere results in a reversible color change (electrochromism), due to the bleach of exciton absorption with 0.3 optical density changes. The mechanism of electrochemical charging comprises electron transfer from conducting substrate to QD, interparticle transfer and also electron capturing by acceptors in solution. The introduction of a strong electron acceptor (O2) into the solution results in a suppression of electrochromism. The influence of oxygen is rather reversible which is observed from recovered electrochromic behavior after electrolyte resaturation with argon.

Today, the governments of various countries, regardless of the level of economic growth of the state, strive to initiate macroeconomic policies aimed at achieving better economic indicators in order to increase the level of business activity and, finally, to ensure a better quality of life for people. In this regard, the policy of the BRICS countries is very indicative. The author analyzes the importance of the BRICS group as representatives of developing countries in the world economy. The article points out that the financial crisis did not have a strong impact on the BRICS group, and its economic performance was much better than that of developed countries. The main factors that led to the economic expansion of the group were the increased influence in a number of markets, as well as the huge scale of resources, including labor. For example, Brazil and Russia rely mainly on huge mineral reserves and speculation in international markets. China has the advantage of cheap labor and resources at low prices. India also relies on cheap labor. Last but not least, all the BRICS countries, except Brazil, demonstrate very high rates of investment. The purpose of the work is to consider the economic potential of the BRICS countries as a challenge to modern economic realities.

The method of chemical deposition of monocrystalline bismuth thioiodide BiSI needles with a high quantum efficiency of photocurrent generation (up to 55 %) in aqueous solutions of electrolytes has been developed. It was revealed that the introduction of sulfide and iodide anions into the electrolyte solution leads to an increase of the absolute photocurrent values, as well as the presence of sulfide ions causes the significant (about 0.5 V) shift of BiSI bands energy towards more negative electrode potentials. The observed effect is of interest for increasing the photovoltage of solar cells based on BiSI and can find application in heterogeneous sensitized systems for increasing the efficiency of photoelectrons injection from a narrow-band sensitizer into a matrix of a wide-bandgap semiconductor.

The article describes the main aspects of regulating the import of vegetables to Russia, the statistical data allow to make conclusion about the current state of the import substitution of vegetable products, the examples allow to assess the economic and political situation in Russia and in countries directly related to trade and other relations with Russia. Also partially affected the overall situation of export of vegetable products, perspectives and possible problems in this direction. Presents issues to consider allow closer approach to the solution of the main strategic problems of the country – the full import substitution of Russian product. The problem in this area is impossible to solve. Russian manufacturers that make quality products that do not have sufficient capacity to provide the whole of Russia. In addition, the Russian agricultural sector has a serious dependence on foreign high-tech solutions. Thus, measures of tariff and non-tariff regulation is required to affect the import of vegetables. ; В статье описаны основные аспекты регулирования ввоза овощной продукции в Россию, приведены статистические данные позволяющие сделать вывода о текущем состоянии импортозамещения овощной продукции, рассмотрены примеры позволяющие оценить экономико-политическую ситуацию, как в России, так и в странах непосредственно связанных внешнеторговыми отношениями с Россией. Также частично затронута общая ситуация экспорта овощной продукции, перспективы и возможные проблемы в данном направлении. Представленные вопросы к рассмотрению позволяют ближе подойти к решению главной стратегической проблемы страны – полное импортозамещение российским продуктом. Проблема, которую в данной сфере пока решить невозможно. Российские производители, которые делают качественную продукцию, еще не имеют достаточных мощностей для того, чтобы обеспечить всю Россию. Кроме того, в российской сельскохозяйственной отрасли возникла серьезная зависимость от зарубежных высокотехнологичных решений. Таким образом, меры тарифного и нетарифного регулирования в настоящее время требуются для того, чтобы повлиять на ввоз овощей.