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THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE CONTEMPORARY CONTROVERSY OVER CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION AND THE DIFFERING UNDERSTANDINGS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS THAT UNDERLIE IT. THE AUTHOR FIRST CONSIDERS THE CHARACTER AND BASIS FOR INTERPRETIVISM, THAT IS, A JURISPRUDENCE THAT DELINEATES RIGHTS BY REFERENCE TO THE INTENT OF THE FOUNDER AND TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL TEXT. NEXT, THE AUTHOR REVIEWS THE NON-INTERPRETIVIST ALTERNATIVE, FOCUSING ON RICHARD DWORKIN'S INFLUENTIAL ACCOUNT OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT DESPITE ITS STRENGTHS, DWORKIN'S POSITION DOES JUSTICE NEITHER TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL TEXT NOR TO THE CONNECTION BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION. CONSIDERING CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY FROM THE BROADER PERSPECTIVE OF STATE CONSTITUTIONALISM, THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT ITS INSIGHTS ARE LIMITED TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION AND OFFERS SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR A MORE ADEQUATE CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY.

State constitutional provisions concerning church and state differ in specificity and substance from the First Amendment's establishment clause. In large part, these differences reflect the fact that the state provisions originated in concrete historical disputes. After the American colonies declared independence, conflict over established churches led states to adopt provisions safeguarding freedom of worship and prohibiting aid to religious institutions. During the nineteenth century, conflict between Protestants and Catholics over education resulted in the adoption in most states of provisions banning aid to parochial schools and prohibiting religious influences in schools receiving public funds. Reliance on either state or federal constitutional guarantees, therefore, should result in invalidation of religious exercises in public schools. In other cases, however, outcomes may depend on the constitutional basis for decisions. Whereas various indirect aids to parochial schools have survived scrutiny under the establishment clause, they may run afoul of state constitutional bans; and whereas the U.S. Supreme Court has upheld religious displays, some state courts have ruled that they violate state constitutional prohibitions.

Intro -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Preface -- Note to the Reader -- 1 Interpretation of the Constitution -- Approaches to Constitutional Interpretation -- The Approaches in Perspective -- The Ends of the Constitution -- Constitutional Means to Constitutional Ends -- Notes -- Selected Readings -- 2 Constitutional Adjudication -- The Justices of the Supreme Court -- The Supreme Court in the Federal Judicial System -- How Cases Get to the Supreme Court -- How the Supreme Court Decides Cases -- The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions -- Analyzing Supreme Court Decisions -- Notes -- Selected Readings -- 3 The Judicial Power -- The Power of Judicial Review -- Externally Imposed Restraints on Judicial Review -- Court-Imposed Restraints on Judicial Review -- The Expanding Role of the Courts -- The Courts, Judicial Review, and the Problem of Legitimacy -- Notes -- Selected Readings -- Marbury v. Madison (1803) -- Eakin v. Raub (1825) -- Cooper v. Aaron (1958) -- Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc. (1995) -- Ex parte McCardle (1869) -- Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife (1992) -- Hein v. Freedom from Religion Foundation (2007) -- Luther v. Borden (1849) -- Baker v. Carr (1962) -- Nixon v. United States (1993) -- Deshaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services (1989) -- 4 The Legislative Branch -- The Scope of Congressional Power -- Powers That Facilitate Legislative Activity -- Nonlegislative Powers -- Safeguarding Legislative Power -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Selected Readings -- McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) -- United States v. Comstock (2010) -- Powell v. McCormack (1969) -- U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton (1995) -- Gravel v. United States (1972) -- McGrain v. Daugherty (1927) -- Watkins v. United States (1957) -- Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States (1935) -- Mistretta v. United States (1989)

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Authors -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- NOTE TO THE READER -- 1 INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION -- Approaches to Constitutional Interpretation -- The Approaches in Perspective -- The Ends of the Constitution -- Constitutional Means to Constitutional Ends -- Notes -- Selected Readings -- 2 CONSTITUTIONAL ADJUDICATION -- The Justices of the Supreme Court -- The Supreme Court in the Federal Judicial System -- How Cases Get to the Supreme Court -- How the Supreme Court Decides Cases -- The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions -- Analyzing Supreme Court Decisions -- Notes -- Selected Readings -- 3 RIGHTS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION -- Rights and the Founding -- The Fourteenth Amendment -- Due Process and the Bill of Rights -- Rights During Wartime and Other Emergencies -- The Second Amendment -- Notes -- Selected Readings -- CASES -- Barron v. Baltimore (1833) -- Palko v. Connecticut (1937) -- Adamson v. California (1947) -- Duncan v. Louisiana (1968) -- Ex parte Milligan (1866) -- Korematsu v. United States (1944) -- Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004) -- Boumediene v. Bush (2008) -- District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) -- McDonald v. Chicago (2010) -- 4 ECONOMIC DUE PROCESS AND THE TAKINGS CLAUSE -- The Fourteenth Amendment -- The Evisceration (and Possible Recent Restoration?) of the Privileges or Immunities Clause -- Economic Regulation and the Rise of Substantive Due Process -- The Demise of Substantive Due Process in the Economic Realm -- Punitive Damages: An Exception to the Demise of Substantive Due Process in the Economic Realm? -- The Emergence of Substantive Due Process in the Civil Liberties Realm -- The Takings Clause -- Notes -- Selected Readings -- CASES -- The Slaughter-House Cases (1873) -- Munn v. Illinois (1877) -- Lochner v. New York (1905)

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- A Global Dialogue on Federalism: Conceptual Framework -- Introduction: Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change -- Commonwealth of Australia -- Kingdom of Belgium -- Federal Republic of Brazil -- Canada -- Federal Republic of Germany -- Republic of India -- United Mexican States -- Federal Republic of Nigeria -- Russian Federation -- Republic of South Africa -- Swiss Confederation -- United States of America -- Comparative Observations -- Contributors -- Participants of the Global Dialogue on Federalism -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Intro -- State Constitutions for the Twenty-first Century,Volume 3 -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Rights -- 2. The Legislative Branch -- 3. The Executive Branch -- 4. The Judicial Branch -- 5. Local Government -- 6. Voting and Elections -- 7. Constitutional Amendment and Revision -- 8. State and Local Finance -- 9. Education -- 10. The Environment and Natural Resources -- Bibliography -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.