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AbstractDoes war deepen gender inequalities in politicians' behavior or help erase them? We draw from the terror management theory developed in psychology to argue that the onset of a violent conflict is likely to push politicians to conform more strongly with traditional gender stereotypes because it helps individuals cope with existential fears. To test our argument, we use data on Ukrainian politicians' engagement on social media (136,455 Facebook posts by 469 politicians) in the three months before and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and interrupted time series analysis, to assess the effect of conflict on politicians' behavior. We find that conflict onset deepens gender-stereotypical behavior among politicians in their public engagement. We also show that, consistent with our argument, gender biases among the public are magnified during war.

How does historical victimization and its memorialization impact present-day outgroup attitudes in conflict-riven societies? This study explores this question using a survey experiment with a representative sample of 2000 Jewish Israelis—half of whom are direct descendants of Holocaust survivors—and a content analysis of 98 state-approved school textbooks, examining how histories of victimization become socialized and shape political attitudes. We find that, in Israel, family victimization during the Holocaust plays surprisingly little role in shaping present-day attitudes toward outgroups. Rather, perceived historical victimization of the Jewish and Israeli people is broadly socialized among the Israeli public and is a stronger predictor of outgroup (in)tolerance. These findings shed light on the power of societal victimhood narratives—even in the absence of personal family histories of victimization—to shape political attitudes in conflict contexts, with long-term implications for intergroup cooperation and conflict.

J. Edward Taylor and Mateusz J. Filipski provide readers with a methodology to evaluate the impacts of a wide diversity of development projects and policies on local economies, together with a diversity of applications of these tools - from poverty programs to global price shocks, irrigation projects, eco-tourism, migration, production subsidies, and government corruption.

This article investigates whether exposure to extreme television media informs citizens about politics. Using lab experiments with both student and non-student samples, I find that extreme media produce higher levels of political knowledge and that they also produce higher levels of negative affect among viewers compared with control groups. I also show that extreme media are at least as informative as traditional news. This research adds to the growing literature on media effects in a polarized media environment, showing that extreme television media can have a beneficial impact on at least one important area of U.S. politics: citizen competence. To account for external validity and popular conceptions on extreme media's non-informative nature, I use cross-sectional data from the 2008 National Annenberg Election Survey finding that extreme television viewership correlates with greater political knowledge, while controlling for other known predictors.

(.) This paper presents a methodology to understand the full impact of cash transfers on local economies, including on the production activities of both beneficiary and non-beneficiary groups; how these effects change when programmes are scaled up to larger regions; and why these effects happen. All of these are important for designing projects and explaining their likely impacts to governments and other sponsoring agencies. The simulation methods presented here are not a substitute for good impact evaluations. Experimental findings are important to test and quantify the likely impacts of interventions on beneficiary households and, under some conditions, on ineligible households. They can also help validate some of the predictions of simulation models and, in some cases, improve the accuracy of model parameters. Validation is a strength of conventional experimental methods but a major concern in GE modelling. We econometrically estimate the LEWIE model parameters and use Monte Carlo methods to perform significance tests and construct confidence intervals around project impact simulation results. We believe that this is an important step towards providing simulation impact evaluation with validation tools that are largely absent in the GE literature.

MEDITATĬO SONUS is a sound art cycle that proposes meditations guided by sound and proposes mindfulness through the practice of deep listening. We commissioned sound artists to conduct research on the relationship between the mind, sound, and technology so that they guide meditation sessions by performing live sound works produced specifically for this cycle. Meditatio Sonus is a research space on the phenomenon of sound and perception, which unites the exercise of listening and the practice of meditation. An inclusive project that seeks the integration of broad and diverse audiences and the awareness of society around the need to integrate the collective experience of art as a means of self-knowledge. We appeal to the capacity of sound as a physical phenomenon and as a pure language, which creates direct links with the nature of the self and the environment in which it is immersed and of which it is a part. The current circumstance in this 20/21, permeates us globally for the first time in human history. Social isolation due to the pandemic referred people to a greater presence in virtual space. Governments consistently promoted social isolation as a public health solution. This isolation seeks to reduce public contagion of covid19 and hospital overcrowding. Health is not only a biological process of the proper functioning of the body but a holistic phenomenon in which all interrelated factors are fundamental. Cognitive processes are essential for good health. Isolation anxiety and depression are also factors that should be part of a public health scheme. Meditation is recognized by several scientific studies as a practice that favors good health, helps individuals to manage stress, anxiety, and emotional dependence, among other psychic alterations that are reflected in good health. The basis of the most recognized meditation is following the breath. This helps to focus attention on the here and now and to seek that our mind is calm and peaceful, distancing us from emotions and disturbing thoughts. Arcángel Constantini + Marcela Armas