Suchergebnisse

International audience ; The actuality of the research is justified by the lack of serious scientific, social and politically engaged interest in the subject of books and reading among prisoners, which could reflect on the whole society, with negative consequences. This topic has been neglected even at state level in the former socialist camp. A comprehensive picture of the reading in the penitentiary establishments in the world is absent. There is no empirical study on the reading in the places of imprisonment in Bulgaria after the end of the totalitarian period (after 1989). A research interest of the library keepers and of the experts from the public libraries to the problems of the reading in the prison libraries is absent. The aim of the study is to answer the question what is the level of the readers activity in the prisons in Bulgaria and what are the perceived material needs of the prison libraries to meet the reading right of the prisoners. The subject of the study is the access to books and libraries in Bulgarian prisons and the accompanying risk of information discrimination of the prisoner – the feeling of intellectual isolation from the books, the world is reading. Subject of a direct interest is the right of happiness through reading and the opportunities for the welfare of the imprisoned reader. For the first time, a recap of the status of the prison libraries and the readers activity among prisoners in Bulgaria after the democratic changes of 1990 to 2015 is presented. Keywords: right to read, prison reading, access to books in prison, prison library, psychology of readers, sociology of reading.

International audience The actuality of the research is justified by the lack of serious scientific, social and politically engaged interest in the subject of books and reading among prisoners, which could reflect on the whole society, with negative consequences. This topic has been neglected even at state level in the former socialist camp. A comprehensive picture of the reading in the penitentiary establishments in the world is absent. There is no empirical study on the reading in the places of imprisonment in Bulgaria after the end of the totalitarian period (after 1989). A research interest of the library keepers and of the experts from the public libraries to the problems of the reading in the prison libraries is absent. The aim of the study is to answer the question what is the level of the readers activity in the prisons in Bulgaria and what are the perceived material needs of the prison libraries to meet the reading right of the prisoners. The subject of the study is the access to books and libraries in Bulgarian prisons and the accompanying risk of information discrimination of the prisoner – the feeling of intellectual isolation from the books, the world is reading. Subject of a direct interest is the right of happiness through reading and the opportunities for the welfare of the imprisoned reader. For the first time, a recap of the status of the prison libraries and the readers activity among prisoners in Bulgaria after the democratic changes of 1990 to 2015 is presented. Keywords: right to read, prison reading, access to books in prison, prison library, psychology of readers, sociology of reading.

The actuality of the research is justified by the lack of serious scientific, social and politically engaged interest in the subject of books and reading among prisoners, which could reflect on the whole society, with negative consequences. This topic has been neglected even at state level in the former socialist camp. A comprehensive picture of the reading in the penitentiary establishments in the world is absent. There is no empirical study on the reading in the places of imprisonment in Bulgaria after the end of the totalitarian period (after 1989). A research interest of the library keepers and of the experts from the public libraries to the problems of the reading in the prison libraries is absent. The aim of the study is to answer the question what is the level of the readers activity in the prisons in Bulgaria and what are the perceived material needs of the prison libraries to meet the reading right of the prisoners. The subject of the study is the access to books and libraries in Bulgarian prisons and the accompanying risk of information discrimination of the prisoner – the feeling of intellectual isolation from the books, the world is reading. Subject of a direct interest is the right of happiness through reading and the opportunities for the welfare of the imprisoned reader. For the first time, a recap of the status of the prison libraries and the readers activity among prisoners in Bulgaria after the democratic changes of 1990 to 2015 is presented.

Russian: Исследование безбуквенных и иконичных книг имеет своей целью спровоцировать дебаты в теоретической области чтения о действительных модальностях чтения, по ту сторону буквенного текста. Позиция автора утверждает, что это один из созидающих путей мышления о более широком дефинировании чтения, релевантного комплексному и полимодальному дигитальному полю.
Методология. Безмолвные или "немые" книги, эксцентричные книги "для смотрения" и иконические или визуальные книги здесь находят свое обобщение при помощи понятия "немых книг". Примеры о безмолвных или "немых" книгах, о кинематографических и сториборд подходах "оптического" книгоиздания можно определить как реабилитацию визуальной коммуникационной модальности в издательском искусстве. Вместе с этим в медийных науках можно заметить и эмансипацию иконичности в качестве объекта чтения.
Результаты. Осуществленный просмотр есть доказательство того, что объязательно нужно расширить дефиницию новой трансграмотности для действия в полиглотичном и трансмедийном поле в сторону не-буквенного восприятия или компетентности визуального чтения. Рассказ в картине требует грамотности чтения точно также, как и буквенный рассказ. Это грамотность нового холистического типа, она - трансграмотность коммуникации с текстами, где есть множественная модальность и преобладающие образность и иконичность. Автор предлагает определение "чтения" – это рецептивный процесс опосредованного (медийно-базированного) информирования, независящего от буквенных символов и зрительного анализатора. Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере образования, а также и в институций книг – издательств, библиотек и архивов.
Ключевые слова: чтение, чтение изображений, трансграмотность, картинные книги, книги для смотрения, "немые" книги

Центральной темой исследования является вклад основателя науки о документации Отле в эволюцию коммуникационных технологий и средств массовой информации. Использованные методы: системно-медиологический подход к исследованиям в книгознании, документологии, информационно-коммуникационных дисциплин, ретроспективный дискурсивный анализ документов, студий, монографий. В хронологическом плане прослеживается способ, благодаря которому Отле аргументирует документ "книгу" ,в качестве базовой технологии глобальной сети универсальной документации. Устанавливается логика его мышления: путем расширения определения "книги" он проектирует ее будущие трансформации по нисходящей градации – начиная с "Универсальной книгой знания" (Le Livre universel de la Science) проходя через "машину о мышлении" (machine à penser) до ее декомпозиции на "библионы" (Biblions), самые маленькие строительные блоки документированных знаний. Доказывается, что Отле закладывает основу и концепцию гипердокументации и мульти - сенсорного интерфейса, предсказывая появление "чувственно воспринятых документов" и формулируя "чувственную спецификацию документов". Вклад Полья Отле в проектировании "Интернет"-а и "семантического веб-а" найден в эго идеях с 1908 и 1934 г. о пересечении читальни, телефона и телевизора и удаленное обслуживание пользователей живыми библиотекарями и библиографами, работающими класифицированной и каталогизированной "онтологией".
Ключевые слова: документоведение, информационная наука, Mundaneum, семантический Web, Web 3.0, Поль Отле, Тим Бернерс-Ли

Идея взаимной зависимости библиографического знания и цифровой грамотности нашла свою реабилитацию в актуальных политиках развития цифровой интеллигентности любого гражданина. Цель настоящего изложения состоит в следующем – заново дефинировать классическую библиографическую культуру как качественный параметр для новой матрицы умений и компетентностей в цифровой эре. Место применения здесь будет иметь метод критического переосмысления схемы дигитальной интеллигентности.

English: The research is dedicated to two questions: whether the media bearers without text, the books without letters and the entirely emtpty book could be called books and whether they could be readable. The medialogical analysis is oriented to the creative decisions for transformation of the emptiness or the silence into media, when the emptiness of the media body represents a metamessage about reading without eyes. It is made a systematical survey of a maximum wide spectrum of empty media – empty fine art, empty musical compositions, empty literary works, empty books, empty newspapers, and empty pages. There were discovered 13 reasons about the existence of a total or partial emptiness in media.

AbstractAntisocial behavior can be contagious, spreading from individual to individual and rippling through social networks. Moreover, it can spread not only through third-party influence from observation, just like innovations or individual behavior do, but also through direct experience, via "pay-it-forward" retaliation. Here, we distinguish between the effects of observation and victimization for the contagion of antisocial behavior by analyzing large-scale digital trace data. We study the spread of cheating in more than a million matches of an online multiplayer first-person shooter game, in which up to 100 players compete individually or in teams against strangers. We identify event sequences in which a player who observes or is killed by a certain number of cheaters starts cheating and evaluate the extent to which these sequences would appear if we preserve the team and interaction structure but assume alternative gameplay scenarios. The results reveal that social contagion is only likely to exist for those who both observe and experience cheating, suggesting that third-party influence and "pay-it-forward" reciprocity interact positively. In addition, the effect is present only for those who both observe and experience more than once, suggesting that cheating is more likely to spread after repeated or multi-source exposure. Approaching online games as models of social systems, we use the findings to discuss strategies for targeted interventions to stem the spread of cheating and antisocial behavior more generally in online communities, schools, organizations, and sports.

Our upbringing and education influence not only how we present and distinguish ourselves in the social world but also how we perceive others. We apply this central sociological idea to the social media context. We conduct a large-scale online study to investigate whether observers can correctly guess the education of others from their Facebook profile pictures. Using the binomial test and cross-classified mixed-effects models, we show that observers can assess the education of depicted persons better than chance, especially when they share the same educational background and have experience with the social media. We also find that posting pictures of outdoor activities is a strong signal of having higher education, while professional photographs can obscure education signals. The findings expand our knowledge of social interaction and self-expression online and offer new insights for understanding social influence on social media.

English: The object of this article is the communicational interpretation of the cathedral as architectural, religious and semiotic complex. On the basis of the definition for media in the characteristics of the cathedral are defined its two genealogical of each media components – content and form. The analysis of theoretical and empirical sources leads to determination of specter of four media functions - a) the cathedral as a media for the non-writing man; b) the cathedral as a proto-television, c) the cathedral as a prototype of the hypertext; d) the cathedral as a holographic library. The conclusion is that the cathedral from a communicational point of view is a crossmedia between spacious, plasticity and muse arts, between architecture, sculpture, music, drama, dance and literature. The cathedral "text" is a multimedia of expressive means for influence over all human senses.

The purpose of the study is to analyse the autobiographical works by contemporary Kazakh, Russian and American writers of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries belonging to the post-colonial and post-totalitarian discourses in terms of the specificity of the author's representation. Based on a literature analysis, it has been concluded that the development of post-colonial and post-totalitarian discourse is reflected in updating the genre of an autobiographical novel that gives the author some freedom to choose factual material and fictional elements as part of the artistic embodiment of the author's vision of the world. The main ideas of such works are maintaining national/racial and cultural identity and preserving historical and cultural continuity within the framework of the national image of the world. An autobiographical novel is characterized, on the one hand, by relying on the real facts of the author's biography, and on the other, by mythologization and idealization of the past, and a focus on fiction. This key feature of an autobiographical novel prevents possible distortions in the reception and interpretation of such works, mixing the author's image of the world and a specific historical and cultural situation, which is expressed by the autobiographical novel.

The purpose of the study is to analyze how religious fabula is utilized in contemporary mass literature and find a link between the use of religious fabula and the commercial success of a literary work. The methodological framework of the study consists of conceptual provisions from different fields of science, such as history, the theory of literature, literary stylistics, and aesthetics. The study reveals that today's fiction writers employ a variety of strategies for exploiting religion in their works, among which creating a quasi-biblical chronotope; decoding religious symbols and scandalous pseudepigraphon, and retelling religious stories with postmodern twists. These solutions, seen in both Russian and non-Russian fiction, are to shift from mass/low literature to middle literature, attract more readers, and achieve commercial success. The results of this study may be useful in teaching literary disciplines in investigating the field of mass literature.

English: The research is an attempt to be made a reassessment of the phenomenon "theft of book" in the foreshortening of the information-communication treatments, the theory of the feedback and the reflexive model of the communication. The theft of book is rationalized as reader's reflexion and as a specific social resonance towards it. The research thesis is, that it is accumulated a critical mass of circomstances for liberation of the attitude towards the stolen book as a communication phenomenon and for its emancipation on the field of maketing and advertising. Based on retrospective document and discourse analysis are searched proofs about the positive connotation of the phenomenon "theft of book" in the context of the concept of the book as a medium. In order to be revealed as objectively as possible the communication energetics of the act of the theft of book, the authors set aside from the criminal aspect of the phenomenon. The present text excludes from the subject of the research interest the crime theft, and also any action, causing material damage. The empirical examination the the thesis is accomplished through the method of the anonimous inquiry survey about the attitude towards the stolen book. The consultation was done twice - in 2013 and in 2016 among commonly 283 respondents, which represent widest range of active readers. The research supports and summarizes the changes in the mass connotation of the stolen book in the foreshortening of the communicative practice "reading" and supports the formulation of proposals about relevant tactics and approaches in the marketing and advertising of the books.