Ethno-Regional Favoritism and the Political Economy of School Test Scores
In: DEVEC-D-22-00934
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In: DEVEC-D-22-00934
SSRN
How does violent conflict affect the spread of Covid-19? In this paper we analyze how violent conflict influences the adoption of preventative measures and infection rate in a very poor, conflict-affected country, Burkina Faso. We use a unique panel of 1,919 households surveyed during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and merge these data with indicators of violence at the municipality and regional level. Infection data are leveraged from 65 test centers across the country. We find a lower adoption rate of preventive measures, and a higher infection rate in areas affected by violence. We control for various socio-economic characteristics and discuss potential mechanisms. We argue that political interventions towards peace and stability also help to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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In: Journal of Theoretical Politics, Band 24, Heft 2, S. 210-234
We provide an analysis of a power-maximising model for dictatorial behaviour. In the model, the dictator's revenues depend on the exports of a single crop. Using export earnings the dictator buys loyalty from the producers of the export crop by setting the domestic producer price. Revenues resulting from the difference between the international and the domestic price of the crop are used to finance a repressive apparatus. We present a complete comparative statics analysis of the choice between repression and loyalty to obtain power, in response to changes in the international price of the single crop in the economy. The results allow for a novel classification of power-maximising behaviour into benevolent, tyrannical and totalitarian dictatorships. We argue that the model and the associated dictatorship typology can be embedded into Wintrobe's more general specification of a dictator's objective function, which combines aspirations for power with rent-seeking motives. We compare our analysis with empirical observations of the Habyarimana regime in Rwanda (1973-1994).JEL Classification Numbers: D72, H30, H56. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright holder.]
In: Journal of theoretical politics, Band 24, Heft 2, S. 210-235
ISSN: 0951-6298
In: Journal of theoretical politics, Band 24, Heft 2, S. 210-234
ISSN: 1460-3667
We provide an analysis of a power-maximising model for dictatorial behaviour. In the model, the dictator's revenues depend on the exports of a single crop. Using export earnings the dictator buys loyalty from the producers of the export crop by setting the domestic producer price. Revenues resulting from the difference between the international and the domestic price of the crop are used to finance a repressive apparatus. We present a complete comparative statics analysis of the choice between repression and loyalty to obtain power, in response to changes in the international price of the single crop in the economy. The results allow for a novel classification of power-maximising behaviour into benevolent, tyrannical and totalitarian dictatorships. We argue that the model and the associated dictatorship typology can be embedded into Wintrobe's more general specification of a dictator's objective function, which combines aspirations for power with rent-seeking motives. We compare our analysis with empirical observations of the Habyarimana regime in Rwanda (1973–1994). JEL Classification Numbers: D72, H30, H56.
We analyse the effect of civil war on household welfare. Using Burundian panel data for the 1998-2007 period in which we re-interviewed original as well as newly formed households (split-offs), we show that headcount poverty decreased by 3.5 % points when split-off households are taken into account and 1% when splits are left out. Poverty is persistent while prosperity is not, in particular in war-affected areas. We find that 25 war-related deaths or wounded at the village level reduce consumption growth by 13%. We also find that violence afflicted on household members decreases growth whereas membership of rebel groups increases it. Apart from such war-related effects - and controlling for initial levels of consumption - we find that temporarily famine-induced migration and illness decrease growth while good harvests, more split-offs and higher initial levels of education increase it. Good harvests are found to have persistent positive effects on growth. Our results are robust for different household and province fixed effects specifications. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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In: MICROCON Research Working Paper No. 4
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Working paper
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 2359
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In: Conflict, security & development, Band 4, Heft 1, S. 39-58
ISSN: 1467-8802
World Affairs Online
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 170, S. 1-34
World Affairs Online
How does violent conflict affect the spread of Covid-19? In this paper we analyze how violent conflict influences the adoption of preventative measures and infection rate in a very poor, conflict-affected country, Burkina Faso. We use a unique panel of 1,919 households surveyed during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and merge these data with indicators of violence at the municipality and regional level. Infection data are leveraged from 65 test centers across the country. We find a lower adoption rate of preventive measures, and a higher infection rate in areas affected by violence. We control for various socio-economic characteristics and discuss potential mechanisms. We argue that political interventions towards peace and stability also help to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic.
BASE
In: The journal of development studies, Band 54, Heft 6, S. 1019-1040
ISSN: 1743-9140
World Affairs Online
Most reports on refugees deal with the immediate needs of displaced people. This paper seeks to go beyond the emergency phase and explore the challenges surrounding protracted refugee situations. The paper examines the refugee situation in Sub-Saharan Africa from a long-term angle, from the perspective of refugees own agency as well as from the perspective of the host community. The paper aims to shed light on the economic lives of refugees in their host communities. Starting with an overview of the situation of refugees in Sub-Saharan Africa, the paper draws on findings from the literature to debunk some entrenched beliefs about refugees. The discussion of refugee crises in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda draws some lessons. The decision to return is discussed and it is argued that the decision depends on the socioeconomic condition in the host country versus the country of refuge, integration versus return policies in place, the individual set of skills of each refugee, and his or her subjective perception of the political climate in both countries.
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In: Economic Development and Cultural Change, Band 62, Heft 4, S. 769-809
ISSN: 1539-2988
In: The journal of conflict resolution: journal of the Peace Science Society (International), Band 58, Heft 8, S. 1474-1499
ISSN: 0022-0027, 0731-4086