Suchergebnisse

Political Science; European Union - De serie 'Werkdocumenten' omvat stukken die in het kader van de werkzaamheden van de WRR tot stand zijn gekomen en die op aanvraag door de raad beschikbaar worden gesteld. De verantwoordelijkheid voor de inhoud en de ingenomen standpunten berust bij de auteurs.

The emergence of the European Union as a regulatory arena is examined. Economic governance may take a variety of forms; eg, welfare provision, strategic planning, & ownership. However, economic constraints, ideological trends, & administrative learning have shifted the direction of governance toward regulation. Case study analyses of consumer policy, airline regulation, & efforts to extend the European Union model eastward to Central & Eastern Europe are provided to illustrate the problems of formulating & implementing regulatory economic governance. The challenge of regulatory alignment is discussed. 47 References. D. Generoli

THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY IN THE LATE 1970S WHICH WAS ROOTED IN DOMESTIC PRESSURES AND EXPECTATIONS. IT EXAMINES THE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN POLICY AND THE SEARCH FOR A NEW APPROACH. THE DISCIPLINES OF OFFICE ARE RESEARCHED AS WELL AS THE THE CONTRADICTIONS WHICH EMERGED IN THE FALKLANDS WAR, LIVING WITH THE CONTRADICTIONS, AND FOREIGN POLICY CONTINUITIES AND DISCONTINUITIES WRAP UP THIS ANALYSIS OF BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY.

Explores a broad policy area, demonstrating how the international environment constrains and interacts with changes in the core executive machinery itself. Demonstrates that the literature on foreign policy analysis and international relations can make a substantial contribution to the understanding of the core executive. (PAS)

THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESS DEPENDS ON COLLECTIVE DECISIONS BEING REACHED THAT BIND THE MEMBER STATES. THESE DECISIONS EMERGE MAINLY FROM THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS, IN WHICH MINISTERS AND OFFICIALS DRAWN FROM MEMBER GOVERNMENTS NEGOTIATE. THIS ARTICLE, SUMMARIZING A LARGER STUDY, IDENTIFIES THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE COUNCIL, ITS INSTITUTIONAL 'PERFORMANCE' AND ITS NEGOTIATING MODE, AND ARGUES THAT THIS IS BASED ON MUCH MORE THAN THE DEFENCE OF 'NATIONAL INTERESTS', BOTH IDEAS AND DEFINITIONS OF COLLECTIVE INTERESTS ARE IMPORTANT IN THE DEBATE. THE PROCESS IS NOT SELF-CONTAINED BUT DEPENDENT ON THE INTERPLAY WITH OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE DOMESTIC POLITICS OF MEMBER STATES. THE BALANCING OF DIFFERENT CONCERNS WITHIN A LARGELY CONSENSUAL PROCESS DOES NOT EQUIP THE COUNCIL TO BEAR THE WEIGHT OF PREDOMINANT EXECUTIVE RESPONSIBILITY. THUS IN THE DISCUSSION OF PROPOSALS FOR REFORM AT THE NEXT INTERGOVERNMENTAL CONFERENCE, THE LIMITATIONS OF THE COUNCIL NEED TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.