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Probing the manner in which Kazakhs attained noble status in the Russian empire, this article explores a neglected aspect of the country's social history. Recognizing that nobility is typically associated with landowning in a feudal order, we explore how this status also found application in the steppe. Based on diverse sources and comparison with other ethnic elites, we regard Kazakh ennoblement not only as a way of recognizing a traditional nomadic aristocracy, but also as a method of creating a new native elite beneficial to Russia's colonial project. We likewise propose that the distinctive character of nomads' pastoral lifeways differentiated the Kazakh nobility from their Russian counterparts and prevented them from making full use of noble privileges. The article thus explores the nature of Russia's social order by interrogating its margins and contemplates both the possibilities and limits of social inclusion for Russia's ethnically and culturally diverse population.

Renowned academics compare major features of imperial rule in the 19th century, reflecting a significant shift away from nationalism and toward empires in the studies of state building. The book responds to the current interest in multi-unit formations, such as the European Union and the expanded outreach of the United States. National historical narratives have systematically marginalized imperial dimensions, yet empires play an important role. This book examines the methods discerned in the creation of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Ottoman Empire, the Hohenzollern rule and Imperial Russia. It inspects the respective imperial elites in these empires, and it details the role of nations, religions and ideologies in the legitimacy of empire building, bringing the Spanish Empire into the analysis. The final part of the book focuses on modern empires, such as the German "Reich." The essays suggest that empires were more adaptive and resilient to change than is commonly thought

Frontmatter -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- Introduction -- I. Networks of Scholars and Sufis -- The Interplay of Local Developments and Transnational Relations in the Islamic World: Perceptions and Perspectives -- The Biographical Genre in Daghestani Arabic-Language Literature: Nadir ad-Durgilfs Nuzhat al-adhänfi tarägim culamä3 Dägistän -- Einige Notizen zur arabischsprachigen Literatur der gihäd- Bewegung in Dagestan und Tschetschenien in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts -- Die Entfaltung der Naqsbandlya mugaddidiya im mittleren Transoxanien vom 18. bis zum Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts: Ein Stück Detektivarbeit -- Political Sufism and the Emirate of Kashgaria (End of the 19th Century): The Role of the Ambassador Yacqüb Xän Türa -- Düköi Isän und der Aufstand von Andizan 1898 -- Die Qozas - Arabische Genalogien in Kasachstan -- II. Inter-Ethnic Relations and Diasporas -- Islam and Ethnic Relations in the Kazakh Inner Horde: Muslim Cossacks, Tatar Merchants and Kazakh Nomads in a Turkic Manuscript, 1870-1910 -- Tatar Settlers in Western China (Second Half of the 19th Century to the First Half of the 20th Century) -- Fraternal and Benevolent Associations of Tatar Students in Muslim Countries at the Beginning of the 20th Century -- Die dagestanische Diaspora in der Türkei und in Syrien -- Die Petersburger Typen des Anatoliy Aleksandroviö Baxtiarov, oder: "Tataren und anderen Schreihälsen ist der Zutritt verboten" -- Politische Integration und religiöse Eigenständigkeit der litauischen Tataren im 19. Jahrhundert -- Die Wolgatataren und Deutschland im ersten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts -- III. Islam and Politics in a Non-MuslimState -- The Muftis of the Orenburg Spiritual Assembly in the 18th and 19th Centuries: The Struggle for Power in Russia's Muslim Institution -- Tsarist Categories, Orthodox Intervention, and Islamic Conversion in a Pagan Udmurt Village, 1870s-1890s -- The Activity of the Muslim Faction of the State Duma and its Significance in the Formation of a Political Culture among the Muslim Peoples of Russia (1906-1917) -- Die Rolle des Islams beim Kampf um die staatliche Eigenständigkeit Tschetscheniens und Inguschetiens (1917-1925) -- Jadids, Young Bukharans, Communists and the Bukharan Revolution: From ail Ideological Debate in the Early Soviet Union -- IV. Literature -- The Perception of Works by Classical Authors in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Central Asia: The Example of the Xamsa of 'Ali Sir Nawa'I -- Rabe fliegt nach Osten, oder Ein tatarischer Weltheimatdichter im Zeitalter der Umbrüche -- V. Architecture -- Festtagsmoscheen und Feste in Mittelasien vom 18. bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts -- APPENDIX -- Transliteration and Transcription -- Contributors -- Bibliography -- Index