Suchergebnisse

The rapid growth of the martial arts industry warrants a deeper understanding of the globalization process of martial arts. There is very little known about martial arts as a global consumer product and its diffusion process to date. In this article, the authors discuss the global expansion and integration of Asian martial arts. Such factors as sportification and standardization are closely examined as significant driving forces for the growth of the martial arts industry. This article also examines several important issues, such as the political environment, culture, and market strategies, in terms of their influence on the development and the martial arts' industry future growth. This study concludes with a discussion of challenges and future opportunities for development. ; El rápido crecimiento de la industria de las artes marciales justifica el profundizar en el conocimiento sobre su proceso de globalización. Hasta la fecha, existe muy poco conocimiento sobre las artes marciales como productos de consumo global y su proceso de difusión. En este artículo, los autores abordan la expansión e integración global de las artes marciales asiáticas. Se examinan en detalle factores como la deportivización y la estandarización, como fuerzas que motivan significativamente el crecimiento de la industria de las artes marciales. También se examinan algunos temas importantes, tales como el entorno político, la cultura, y las estrategias de mercado, en términos de su influencia sobre el desarrollo y el futuro crecimiento de la industria de las artes marciales. Este estudio concluye con una discusión sobre los retos que se presentan y las futuras oportunidades de desarrollo. ; O rápido crescimento da "indústria" das artes marciais justifica um conhecimento mais detalhado sobre o seu processo de globalização. Mas, actualmente, existe pouco conhecimento sobre as artes marciais, enquanto produtos de consumo global e o seu processo de difusão. Neste artigo, os autores abordam a expansão e a integração global das artes marciais. Examinam-se em detalhe factores como a desportivização e a estandardização como forças que motivam significativamente o crescimento da "industria" das artes marciais. Também se examinam alguns temas importantes, tais como a política, a cultura e as estratégias de mercado, em termos da sua influência sobre o desenvolvimento e o futuro crescimento da "indústria" das artes marciais. Este estudo conclui com uma discussão sobre as futuras oportunidades de desenvolvimento destas modalidades.

Abstract
This research is a new application of Dress and the Public, Private and Secret Self (PPSS) Model. From a symbolic interaction theory approach, dress and parts of the self were developed in 1981 and expanded in 1994 from three categories to nine. According to the literature, adolescents use dress in two cells of the PPSS Model while older adults use dress in nine cells. To find out whether there is a different stage of dress between adolescence and older adulthood, this research uses the concept of emerging adulthood (18–25 years) to test the use of dress and levels of the self. A quantitative scale was developed for this purpose since none were found in the literature. A total of 351 questionnaires were analysed and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) ensured the validity of the measure. Data analyses included test of within-subjects effects, a paired sample t-test, mean differences and an independent t-test. Findings from 261 surveys from respondents 18–25 years of age indicate that this sample experienced six cells at an average to above-average level of experience, supporting the hypothesis that differences among age groups on dress and PPSS could result from a maturation process. Implications are discussed for further research.