Suchergebnisse

The platform economy is an important part of the Chinese economy. Female food delivery riders play a crucial role in the platform economy, creating significant labor contributions and value for society, injecting diversity and vitality into the platform economy. However, female food delivery riders face issues such as insufficient legal rights and welfare protection, management control, and implicit exploitation. From the perspective of Marxist political economy, this paper analyzes female food delivery riders in the areas of capital accumulation, capital circulation, and social reproduction, and calls for the establishment of more fair and transparent platform rules and systems, so that female food delivery riders can obtain their deserved rights and respect in the platform economy.

The wind wooden reed instrument clarinet is one of the most common of its group not only in Western European musical culture, but also in the East Asian region in China. Within the framework of this article, the goal is put forward to reveal the problems of creating their own methods of clarinet creativity by Chinese composers and performing musicians in a historical retrospective, as well as to formulate and evaluate possible prospects for increasing the nationalization of clarinet art in the Middle Kingdom.

AbstractA rich literature has noted political business cycles in democracies. We argue that in an autocracy with strong bureaucratic institutions, the pressure of evaluation and promotion has also generated political cycles of tax‐break policies. Furthermore, the timing and content of the evaluation have driven leaders to use tax breaks strategically to build economic performance, producing distributional consequences. Combining panel data of 1,510,153 firm‐year observations, city‐leader data from 1995 to 2007, and field interviews, we find that the tax‐break rates dropped for most firms during mayors' turnover years. In the first year of office, that is, the "busy year," mayors needed to prioritize large firms and especially large foreign firms. Small domestic private firms bore the cost of tenure cycles. In the last year of the mayors' tenure, that is, the "dust‐settled" year, there was little incentive to seek promotion, and even important firms could not gain the mayors' attention.

ResumenLa privatización de los servicios municipales en las ciudades chinas a partir de los años noventa desencadenó una oleada de huelgas a partir de la década de 2000 que impulsó un proceso de normalización de las condiciones de trabajo. Los autores analizan el caso de los servicios de limpieza viaria y de taxi de las ciudades de Wenzhou y Guangzhou y constatan tres estrategias de normalización de las administraciones locales: la sindicación, la aplicación de políticas públicas y la consolidación sectorial. Los resultados han sido poco concluyentes y los conflictos persisten. Los autores proponen un esquema para comparar las estrategias identificadas con las históricamente institucionalizadas en Occidente.

RésuméDans les années 1990, les villes chinoises ont ouvert les services municipaux au marché, une décision à l'origine de nombreux conflits sociaux. Les autorités locales ont alors cherché à harmoniser et à reréglementer les conditions d'emploi des travailleurs concernés. À partir de plusieurs études de cas sur les secteurs des taxis et de l'assainissement, à Wenzhou et Guangzhou, les auteurs constatent que celles‐ci ont mobilisé trois stratégies à cet effet: la syndicalisation, l'action publique et la concentration. Cependant, l'institutionnalisation est restée limitée, et les conflits ont perduré, avec quelques nuances. Les auteurs concluent en comparant les stratégies décrites à celles institutionnalisées en Occident.

AbstractThe marketization of municipal services in China's cities from the 1990s triggered a wave of strikes beginning in the 2000s that provided an impetus towards standardization and the re‐regulation of employment conditions. On the basis of a study of the sanitation and taxi industries in the cities of Wenzhou and Guangzhou, the authors find that local governments have utilized three strategies in promoting standardization: unionization, public policy implementation and business consolidation. Although outcomes vary across the cases considered, institutionalization remains weak at best and conflicts persist. The article concludes by presenting a schema for comparing the different strategies identified in these cases and those historically institutionalized in the West.

The marketization of municipal services in China's cities from the 1990s triggered a wave of strikes beginning in the 2000s that provided an impetus towards standardization and the re-regulation of employment conditions. On the basis of a study of the sanitation and taxi industries in the cities of Wenzhou and Guangzhou, the authors find that local governments have utilized three strategies in promoting standardization: unionization, public policy implementation and business consolidation. Although outcomes vary across the cases considered, institutionalization remains weak at best and conflicts persist. The article concludes by presenting a schema for comparing the different strategies identified in these cases and those historically institutionalized in the West.