Suchergebnisse

This paper has beneftted from a grant of the Spanish Government (FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades – Agencia Estatal de Investigación) (Ref. FFI2017-87699-P) (SB and GL), and a grant of the Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR-2017-2019) to the Centre de Lingüística Teòrica (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (SB).

1. An Introduction to Computer Graphics -- 1.1 The beginnings of computer graphics -- 1.2 What is computer graphics? -- 1.3 Computer graphics and biology -- 1.4 The elements of a computer graphics system -- 1.5 Computer graphics in perspective -- 1.6 References -- 2. Graphics Hardware -- 2.1 An overview -- 2.2 Input devices -- 2.3 Display devices -- 2.4 Display processors -- 2.5 The computer -- 2.6 References and bibliography -- 3. Graphics Software -- 3.1 Connecting computers and graphic devices -- 3.2 Graphics software packages -- 3.3 Graphics packages on mini computers and mainframe computers -- 3.4 Microcomputer graphics software -- 3.5 Graphics workstations -- 3.6 The applications program -- 3.7 References and bibliography -- 4. Two-dimensional Graphics -- 4.1 The elements of two-dimensional transformations -- 4.2 Representation of points -- 4.3 Straight line transformations -- 4.4 Rotation -- 4.5 Reflection -- 4.6 Multi-operation transformations (composition) -- 4.7 Two-dimensional homogeneous coordinates -- 4.8 Two-dimensional rotation about an arbitrary axis -- 4.9 References -- 5. Three-dimensional Graphics -- 5.1 Basic concepts -- 5.2 Three-dimensional homogeneous coordinates -- 5.3 Three-dimensional scaling -- 5.4 Three-dimensional shearing -- 5.5 Three-dimensional rotations -- 5.6 Reflection in three dimensions -- 5.7 Three-dimensional translation -- 5.8 Three-dimensional rotation about an arbitrary axis -- 5.9 Projections -- 5.10 Conclusions -- 5.11 References -- 6. Hidden Lines and Hidden Surfaces -- 6.1 An introduction to hidden lines and surfaces -- 6.2 A simple hidden lines algorithm -- 6.3 The Galimberti and Montanari algorithm -- 6.4 The hidden surface problem -- 6.5 A preliminary classification -- 6.6 Surface representation and hidden surface methods -- 6.7 Conclusions -- 6.8 References and bibliography -- 7. Graphical Representation of Biological Data -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Graphs and histograms -- 7.3 Point plots and transforms -- 7.4 Graphics data structures -- 7.5 A data structure for hidden lines treatment -- 7.6 References -- 8. Reconstruction Methods for Cell Systems -- 8.1 Tissue reconstruction -- 8.2 The role of computer graphics -- 8.3 Input of data -- 8.4 Two-dimensional analyses -- 8.5 Three-dimensional reconstruction -- 8.6 Three-dimensional reconstruction of neurones (CELL) -- 8.7 Three-dimensional reconstruction of non-neural tissue (RECON) -- 8.8 Other three-dimensional reconstruction programs -- 8.9 References and bibliography -- 9. Image Capture and Image Analysis -- 9.1 Biological images -- 9.2 Image capture devices -- 9.3 Analysis of periodic images -- 9.4 The Joyce-Loebl Magiscan -- 9.5 Reconstruction from X-ray data -- 9.6 References and bibliography -- 10. Molecular Graphics -- 10.1 An introduction to molecular graphics -- 10.2 Components of a molecular graphics system -- 10.3 Molecular data -- 10.4 Examples of molecular graphics packages -- 10.5 Some existing systems -- 10.6 References and bibliography -- 11. Simulation and Animation -- 11.1 Moving pictures -- 11.2 Hardware for real-time animations -- 11.3 Concepts of graphic animation -- 11.4 Dynamic graph construction -- 11.5 Simulation of cell division and cell interaction processes -- 11.6 Animation of genetic events -- 11.7 References and bibliography -- Appendix 1: Matrix Manipulations -- A1.1 Basic definitions -- A1.2 Vectors -- A1.3 Matrix addition -- A1.4 The trace of a matrix -- A1.5 The determinants of a matrix -- A1.6 Multiplication by a scalar -- A1.7 Matrix multiplication -- A1.8 References -- Appendix 2: A Graphics Glossary.

Lipids and cell membranes ; carnivores and herbivores ; liver and pancreas ; skin and temperature control ; structure and function of muscle ; skeleton and locomotion ; genetics and evolution ; exceptions to Mendel's laws ; Kingdom Monera and viruses ; diversity of ecosystems ; nutrient cycles ; human ecology. Section B covers human physiology.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Some General Remarks on Mathematical Modeling -- Bibliographic Remarks -- PART 1. BASIC POPULATION GROWTH MODELS -- Chapter 2. Birth, Death, and Migration -- 2.1 The Fundamental Balance Equation of Population Dynamics -- 2.2 Birth Date Dependent Life Expectancies -- 2.3 The Probability of Lifetime Emigration -- Chapter 3. Unconstrained Population Growth for Single Species -- 3.1 Closed Populations -- 3.1.1 The Average Intrinsic Growth Rate for Periodic Environments -- 3.1.2 The Average Intrinsic Growth Rate for Nonperiodic Environments -- 3.2 Open Populations -- 3.2.1 Nonzero Average Intrinsic Growth Rate -- 3.2.2 Zero Average Intrinsic Growth Rate -- Chapter 4. Von Bertalanffy Growth of Body Size -- Chapter 5. Classic Models of Density-Dependent Population Growth for 37 Single Species -- 5.1 The Bernoulli and the Verhulst Equations -- 5.2 The Beverton-Holt and Smith Differential Equation -- 5.2.1 Derivation from a Resource-Consumer Model -- 5.2.2 Derivation from Cannibalism of Juveniles by Adults -- 5.3 The Ricker Differential Equation -- 5.4 The Gompertz Equation -- 5.5 A First Comparison of the Various Equations -- Chapter 6. Sigmoid Growth -- 6.1 General Conditions for Sigmoid Growth -- 6.2 Fitting Sigmoid Population Data -- Chapter 7. The Allee Effect -- 7.1 First Model Derivation: Search for a Mate -- 7.2 Second Model Derivation: Impact of a Satiating Generalist Predator -- 7.3 Model Analysis -- Chapter 8. Nonautonomous Population Growth:Asymptotic Equality of 75 Population Sizes -- Chapter 9. Discrete-Time Single-Species Models -- 9.1 The Discrete Analog of the Verhulst (Logistic) and the Bernoulli Equation: the Beverton-Holt Difference Equation and Its Generalization -- 9.2 The Ricker Difference Equation -- 9.3 Some Analytic Results for Scalar Difference Equations

Primate Conservation Biology. Guy Cowlishaw and Robin Dunbar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. 498 pp.

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Edward O. WilsonBiological Bases of Human Social Behavior. R. A. HindeEthology: The Biology of Behavior. Irenäus Eibl‐Eibesfeldt