The generation of technologies in rural areas
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 9, Heft 1, S. 21-35
908 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 9, Heft 1, S. 21-35
The rapid development in biomedicine creates knowledge-intensive policy fields on national and international arenas. In our ongoing project "Biomodifying technologies in change" we study presumably game-changing technologies such as CRISPR-cas9, iPS cells, xenotransplantation and 3D bioprinting. The project could be categorized as part of an "engaged program", using Sismondo's terminology (2008), in that we do not separate the epistemological dimensions from the political aspects of the science practices we study. Rather, we understand language and material processes in research as already in themselves always normative. Hence, the strife to make transparent and democratize scientific and technological processes, is somehow built into the research scope itself - even if not a directly activist agenda. One of the aims of the project is to understand how "responsible researchers" are fostered. We look into how ethical reflexivity is expressed, practiced and understood in the day-to-day of biomedical research environments. But what happens to our knowledge production when we make biomedical researchers engage in this bird's-eye view on their research and its socio-cultural circumstances? How can neither taking a distanced position, nor engaging in direct activism but rather pushing toward areas we consider possible hotbeds for public debate be further theoretically conceptualized? What does such an endeavor imply for our role as STS scholars? And how does that connect to the tendency to engage humanities and social science scholars as interpreters and mediators in cross-disciplinary projects in knowledge-intensive policy fields, such as ours ? In what way is the symmetry principle (Bloor, 1976) affected, when value-laden initiatives as ethical reflexivity and public engagement is treated as an inherent good or as "truths" to be pursued?
BASE
The systems of innovation approach is considered by many to be a useful analytical approach for better understanding innovation processes as well as the production and distribution of knowledge in the economy. It is an appropriate framework for the empirical study of innovations in their contexts and is relevant for policy makers. This text is the result of the work within an international inter-disciplinary network or "working seminar" with the task of building a more solid and sophisticated conceptual and theoretical foundation for the continued study of innovations in a systemic context. Th
To demonstrate the increasing tensions between public & private bodies, a case study is offered of the debate in the early 1990s US over the safety of the female contraceptive Norplant. Within the context of the "postmodern fragmentation of human identity" & the "world political economy of disciplinary liberalism," ways that Norplant has been used to control women's autonomy over their bodies are described, eg, judges making the subdermal implantation of the Norplant device a condition of parole or welfare receipt & the use of the contraceptive as a means of population control in developing countries. The Norplant case is discussed via reference to various sociological & feminist theories of power relations & the body, focusing on the work of Michel Foucault on the "anatomo-politics" of the human body & Hannah Arendt's theories on natality & action. It is argued that the fact that the contraceptive must be implanted & removed by another (the state, husbands) makes it an instrument of "patriarchal disciplinary control" over women's bodies. Ways that such new reproductive technologies serve to mediate the corporal self & identity in postmodern society in the context of global capitalism are discussed. A synthesis of the work of Foucault, Arendt, & feminist theorists is recommended to explores some sources & possibilities of resistance & develop a theory of "intersubjective corporeal egalitarian action.". 66 References. K. Hyatt Stewart
this is the text and power point of a video presented to the students of the Double Bachelor in HUST-Paris Saclay, as part of the online course "Perceive Practice in Science" by Jianmiao Liu and Alain Zozime at the University of Science and Technology (Hust) in Wuhan, China, October — December 2021. ; Il s'agit du texte et du power point d'une vidéo présentée aux étudiants de la double licence en Biologie HUST-Paris Saclay, dans le cadre du cours en ligne "Perceive Practice in Science" de Jianmiao Liu et d'Alain Zozime à l'Université de Sciences et Technologie (HUST) à Wuhan, Chine, octobre-décembre 2021
BASE
In: Routledge advances in sociology
"This book provides a focused discussion of how families are governed through technologies. It shows how states attempt to influence, shape and govern families as both the source of and solution to a range of social problems including crime. It critically reviews family governance in contemporary neo-liberal society, notably through technologies of self-responsibilisation, biologisation, and artificial intelligence. The book draws attention to the poor working class and racialised families that often are marked out and evaluated as culpable, dysfunctional, and a threat to economic and social order, obscuring the structural inequalities that underpin family lives and discriminations that are built into the tools that identify and govern families. Filling a gap where disciplinary perspectives cross-cut, this book brings together sociological and criminological perspectives to provide a unique cross-disciplinary approach to the topic. It will be of interest to researchers, scholars and lecturers studying sociology and criminology, as well as policy-makers and professionals working in the fields of early years and family intervention programmes, including in social work, health, education, and the criminologically-relevant professions such as police and probation"--
In: Routledge advances in sociology, 357
"This book provides a focused discussion of how families are governed through technologies. It shows how states attempt to influence, shape and govern families as both the source of and solution to a range of social problems including crime. It critically reviews family governance in contemporary neo-liberal society, notably through technologies of self-responsibilisation, biologisation, and artificial intelligence. The book draws attention to the poor working class and racialised families that often are marked out and evaluated as culpable, dysfunctional, and a threat to economic and social order, obscuring the structural inequalities that underpin family lives and discriminations that are built into the tools that identify and govern families. Filling a gap where disciplinary perspectives cross-cut, this book brings together sociological and criminological perspectives to provide a unique cross-disciplinary approach to the topic. It will be of interest to researchers, scholars and lecturers studying sociology and criminology, as well as policy-makers and professionals working in the fields of early years and family intervention programmes, including in social work, health, education, and the criminologically-relevant professions such as police and probation."--
In: Hypatia: a journal of feminist philosophy, Band 26, Heft 1, S. 187-206
ISSN: 1527-2001
Drawing on Michel Foucault's writings as well as the writings of feminist scholars bell hooks and Jane Gallop, this paper examines faculty–student sexual relations and the discourses and policies that surround them. It argues that the dominant discourses on professor–student sex and the policies that follow from them misunderstand the form of power that is at work within pedagogical institutions, and it examines some of the consequences that result from this misunderstanding. In Foucault's terms, we tend to theorize faculty–student relations using a model of sovereign power in which people have or lack power and in which power operates in a static, stable, and exclusively top-down manner. We should, however, recognize the ways in which individuals in pedagogical institutions are situated within disciplinary and thus dynamic, reciprocal, and complex networks of power, as well as the ways in which the pedagogical relation may be a technique of the self and not only of domination. If we reconsider these relations in terms of Foucault's accounts of discipline and technologies of the self, we can recognize that prohibitions on faculty—student sexual relations within institutions such as the university are productive rather than repressive of desire, and that such relations can be opportunities for development and not only for abuse. Moreover, this paper suggests that the dominant discourses on professor—student relations today contribute to a construction of professors as dangerous and students as vulnerable, which denies the agency of (mostly female) students and obscures the multiplicity of forms of sexual abuse that occur within the university context.
In: Zeitschrift für qualitative Forschung: ZQF, Band 18, Heft 1, S. 41-59
ISSN: 2196-2146
"Is discourse research a disciplinary or an interdisciplinary project? Starting from this question the perspective is reversed and disciplinarity itself is viewed as a discursive phenomenon. The paper develops the thesis that disciplinarity is produced in the discursive practices of the field of science, and examines how it is used in relation to epistemic models and intellectual technologies. A historical sketch of the genealogy of epistemologies shows the extent to which different ways of analysis stand in a discursive struggle for the objects of scientific research. In the case of discourse research, it is shown to what extent disciplinarity has become one aspect of power relations in the game of science." (author's abstract)
In: AIDA Europe Research Series on Insurance Law and Regulation 8
Part I – Insurance and ESG Impact -- The Insurance Sector's Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals: a Story Worth Telling? -- Insurance is Accelerating Economic and Social Change in the United States: a Legal and Sociological Perspective -- The role of insurance in dealing with disasters: the case of agricultural insurance -- Measurement of the Level of Government Intervention in the Compulsory Health Insurance System: Cross-country Comparative Analysis -- Part II – Financial Innovation in Insurance Regulation -- Historical, Definitional, and Implementional Issues of Financial Services Regulation in a Small Jurisdiction -- Public/ Private Risk Financing Innovation: the Case of Government Self- Insurance Risk Pools in the United States -- Comparison of Efficiency Levels of Turkish Insurance Companies with VZA Malmquist Total Factor Efficiency Analysis -- Unpacking the Impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance in the Insurance Industry: Evidence from Kosovo's Market -- Part III –The Impact of New Technologies and Other Recent Developments in Insurance Law and Regulation -- The Principle of Proportionality in Solvency II -- Automatic Vehicles and Legal/Insurance Risks. A New British "Quasi-Legislative" Point of Observation and Glimpses of Liability in Tort in Italy -- A Study of the Effectiveness of the General Data Protection Regulation for Risk Mitigation in the Insurance Industry: a Maltese Perspective -- The Digitalization of the Insurance Industry and the Growth of Life Insurance in India -- Exploring the Suitability of the Protected Cell Company Structure for Shipping Business: a Call for Further Discussion and Research -- Goods and Services Tax Implications on the Insurance Sector: Assessment of Awareness and Knowledge -- The Effectiveness of Recent Policyholder-friendly Laws at Addressing Complaints in India.
Development and realization of parenthood depend on the historically specific problematization of child welfare/well-being. The practices of youth welfare service and modern parenthood are primary orientated towards the collective protection and strengthening of the child's autonomy. According to Foucault, family could be understood as a disciplining architecture and simultaneously as a biopolitical regime of the child's body. In this regard, the second step would be to discuss the main regulative effects of the judicial concept child welfare/well-being (Kindeswohl) and the major transformational processes of the German youth welfare service. Historically, the regulations of family and socialization were based explicitly on rigid gender norms (traditional family framework). However this article intends to examine how these rigid norms are getting replaced by a decentralized manifold networking and screening of socialization. Instead of a disciplining architecture with a relatively closed, affective and heteronormative privacy, family becomes a relatively open and networked commitment of prevention. ; Elternschaft hängt in ihrer modernen Verfassung wesentlich davon ab, wie das Kindeswohl problematisiert wird. In der Rekonstruktion der Entwicklung moderner Familialität und der öffentlichen Kinder- und Jugendhilfe zeigt sich, dass insbesondere die kindliche Autonomie zum zentralen Element aufsteigt. Im Rückgriff auf Foucault wird Familie als disziplinierende Architektur (Disziplin) und zugleich als eine Instanz der biopolitischen Verwaltung des Kinderkörpers skizziert. Anschließend wird auf die regulativen Effekte der zunehmenden Bedeutung des Kindeswohls und die daraus folgenden wesentlichen Transformationsprozesse der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe eingegangen. Der Zugriff auf die Familie und Sozialisation über die klaren und starren (Geschlechter‑) Normen des traditionellen Familienbildes, wird abgelöst von einer vielfältigen, dezentralen Vernetzung und Durchleuchtung von Sozialisation. An die Stelle eines disziplinierenden Gefüges der relativ geschlossenen, affektiven, heteronormativen, familialen Privatheit (um den Vater), rückt ein relativ offenes, vernetztes und präventives Engagement (um das Kind).
BASE
In contemporary discourse it is almost commonplace to describe societies and work relations as highly individualized. In this article we develop a conceptual framework that enables us to discuss processes and practices of individualization as political technologies. Following a line of thinking influenced by Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, we first illustrate three different regimes of work. The main focus is on elaborating and illustrating characteristics of the post-disciplinary regime of work which allows us to systematize fundamental shifts in the way of organizing and managing work. We then analyze contemporary strategies for producing the 'appropriate individual' as 'technologies of modulation' that focus on the production of the autonomous, flexible and adaptable subject. We suggest that these strategies are highly ambivalent and must not be seen in a deterministic way. They are necessarily an interplay of technologies that determine the conduct of individuals and 'technologies of the self'. This is reflected in the process of subjectification that contains both possibilities for increased subjection and for self-creation.
BASE
In this chapter, we argue that the practice of electronically monitored "house arrest" is consistentwith Foucault's insights into both the workings of "disciplinary power" and "governmentality" andwith the self-governing notions of a conservative, neo-liberal ideology and mentality. Our interpretiveanalysis of a set of offender narratives identifies a theme we call "transforming the self" that illustratesthe ways in which house arrest is experienced by some clients as a set of discourses and practices thatencourages them to govern themselves by regulating their own bodies and conduct. These self-governingcapabilities include "enterprise," "autonomy," and an ethical stance towards their lives.Key words: house arrest, disciplinary power, technologies of self. ; У статті зауважено, що практика електронно-контрольованого "домашнього арешту"відповідає ідеям М. Фуко про "дисциплінарну владу" та "управління", а також самокерованимнаціям у контексті консервативної, нео-ліберальної ідеології та ментальності. Наш інтерпретативнийаналіз низки наративів визначає тему, яку ми окреслюємо як "трансформація "я". Вона ілюструєспособи, в які домашній арешт переживають деякі клієнти як набір дискурсів та практик, щоспонукають їх управляти собою, регулюючи власні тіла та поведінку. Ці саморегулюючіможливості охоплюють "ініціативу", "автономію" та етичну позицію стосовно життя.Ключові слова: домашній арешт, дисциплінарна влада, технології "я".
BASE
The rapid uptake of location-enabled wearable technologies for rich media creation in the extreme sports, community policing, military and medical sectors is now challenging the flexible learning and distance education stereotype.The re-purposed application of these wearable technologies opens up new domains for connecting learners with educators, which in turn poses substantial challenges for organizations as they grapple with the implications that these technologies imbue. Security, privacy, social and cultural issues that emanate with use in educational settings need to be examined amidst a socio-ethical landscape of advanced location-based services (LBS), electronic monitoring techniques in the form of global positioning systems (GPS) and the emergent concepts of Uberveillance. This inter-disciplinary and cross-sectoral interrogation seeks to evidence the disruptive benefits or risks that these technologies are having upon existing ICT infrastructures and to inform future educational policy that governs learning design, authentication and validation protocols.
BASE