Suchergebnisse

Contents: Detente as aberration; Obstacles to consensus on detente; Rebuilding the cold war consensus; The Soviet Union and the demise of detente.

In der Reagan-Administration wird die Entspannungspolitik der 70er Jahre als ein Fehler angesehen, als eine politik der Schwäche, die durch eine Politik der Stärke ersetzt werden muß. Der Aufsatz untersucht zunächst den Hintergrund der Entspannungspolitik der USA als Ergebnis damaliger Verhältnisse; er erörtert die Probleme, denen Nixon und Kissinger in diesem Rahmen im Hinblick auf innenpolitische Gegebenheiten gegenüberstanden, behandelt dann die Veränderungen unter der Präsidentschaft von Carter und die Eliminierung der Reste der Entspannung. Der letzte Teil gibt einen Überblick über die sowjetischen Anteile am Zusammenbruch der Entspannung. Er zeigt, daß die Rolle der UdSSR doppeldeutiger war, als in den USA angenommen wurde. Wie auch immer, die Entspannungspolitik war auf gefährlichen Illusionen begründet und eine Abkehr von den traditionellen Beziehungen der USA mit der UdSSR. (BIOst-BwD/Hie)

In reviewing the history of portions of international studies, I reflect on how we might best advance knowledge. I dwell on two issues: questions of method & the urgency of refocusing our efforts on leaders & domestic affairs as the centerpiece for understanding the world of international relations. I argue that scientific progress is best made by combining three methodological approaches in our research: formal, mathematical logic to ensure internal consistency in arguments about complex & contingent relations among variables; case studies & archival research to evaluate verisimilitude between theory & action; & statistical analysis to establish the generality of the hypothesized relations among variables. Often such methodologically diverse & progressive research will best be accomplished by encouraging collaboration rather than by perpetuating the current norm of penalizing co-authorship especially among junior scholars. I offer concrete examples of advances in knowledge achieved through the employment of mathematical reasoning & statistical analysis as many have cast doubts about the substantive contributions of these particular approaches. My perspective is, of course, personal & may not be shared by many others. I set out my thoughts, therefore, with the hope that they will stimulate constructive debate & dialogue & that they will serve to integrate diverse approaches to international affairs. 39 References. Adapted from the source document.

"Most studies describing this evolution have either drawn on classical legalistic approaches (see e.g. Aust and Nolte 2016; Keller and Stone Sweet 2008 or Mackenzie, Romano and Shany 2010) or been developed by constitutionalists?often from political science and sociology?preoccupied with mapping the global development and influence of ICs (see e.g. Slaughter 2000; Slaughter 2004; Slaughter and Burke-White 2006; Romano, Alter and Shany 2013 and Alter 2014). While the more classical legal scholarship has been predominated by accounts that outline principles and application of IC case law in national courts, constitutionalists have focused on actual practice, describing the evolution and functioning of ICs more broadly. What has unified both strands of research, however, is the often implicit description of a universal and unidirectional strengthening of legalization and judicialization in global affairs. The present volume puts the question in a different way. We do not from the outset normatively assume that ICs are important and powerful actors or that national actors without further ado cite, embrace or enter into a constructive dialogue with these supranational bodies. Rather what this book does is to ask?from a multidisciplinary perspective?how and to what degree do ICs actually influence, impose constraints on and create loyalty from those actors involved? It is our claim that rather little research has been occupied with the actual effects on the ground for those national courts, political institutions and citizens who are formally governed by the increased judicialization"--