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The strategy of price liberalisation and privatisation had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatisation policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this communication. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system in the public sector, which is currently responsibility of the Central Medical Supplies Public Corporation (CMS). In Sudan, the researchers did not identify any rigorous evaluations or quantitative studies about the impact of drug regulations on the quality of medicines and how to protect public health against counterfeit or low quality medicines, although it is practically possible. However, the regulations must be continually evaluated to ensure the public health is protected against by marketing high quality medicines rather than commercial interests, and the drug companies are held accountable for their conduct.

"The war on drugs led by the United States has failed: drugs remain purer, cheaper and more readily available than when the war on drugs began in 1971. The drug war has also resulted in extreme levels of violence as drug traffickers and organized criminals compete for control of territory. Prohibitionist policies have destroyed the lives of millions of people as prisons warehouse drug offenders. This important volume represents an effort to map new approaches to drug policies. The contributors write from various disciplinary backgrounds and provide crucial insights on a wide-range of topics, including the gang-drug nexus, delinquency, legalization, trafficking, decriminalization, intervention programs and prison reform. The volume also provides a number of policy solutions and alternatives to the current drug strategies"--

Essential drug lists and generic drug policies have been promoted as strategies to improve access to pharmaceuticals and control their rapidly escalating costs. This article reports the results of a preliminary survey conducted in 10 Latin American countries. The study aimed to document the experiences of different countries in defining and implementing generic drug policies, determine the cost of registering different types of pharmaceutical products and the time needed to register them, and uncover the incentives governments have developed to promote the use of multisource drugs. The survey instrument was administered in person in Chile, Ecuador and Peru and by email in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Uruguay. There was a total of 22 respondents. Survey responses indicated that countries use the terms generic and bioequivalence differently. We suggest there is a need to harmonize definitions and technical concepts.

'In Großbritannien sind die durch den Konsum illegaler Drogen verursachten Probleme erst spät zu einem öffentlichen Thema geworden. Der medizinische Konsum von Opium war im 19. Jahrhundert bekannt und mit dem Ersten Weltkrieg gab es eine kurze Episode des Kokainkonsums. Seit den 1920er Jahren führte das System des Rolleston-Komitees zu einem bemerkenswert niedrigen Niveau der Drogenabhängigkeit, aber das so genannte Britische System fand seinen Niedergang Ende der 1960er Jahre. Billiges Heroin aus dem Iran und Afghanistan wurde verfügbar, und das Rauchen von Heroin verbreitete sich insbesondere unter arbeitslosen Jugendlichen in Nordengland (Thatcher Ära). In den 1980er Jahren entwickelte sich die Strategie der Risikominimierung mit dem Ziel der Bekämpfung der Ausbreitung von HIV/ AIDS (Nadelaustausch). Gleichzeitig verschob sich die politische Agenda stärker in Richtung auf Kriminalitätskontrolle, wobei davon ausgegangen wurde, dass ein Drittel der kriminellen Delikte mit dem Konsum illegaler Drogen verbunden sei. Allerdings bleibt Cannabis die am meisten konsumierte Droge mit etwa 3-5 Millionen regelmäßigen Konsumenten und Konsumentinnen, wobei sich diese Zahl zu reduzieren scheint, auch wenn man hierfür bislang keine Gründe angeben kann.' (Autorenreferat)

"The war on drugs led by the United States has failed: drugs remain purer, cheaper and more readily available than when the war on drugs began in 1971. The drug war has also resulted in extreme levels of violence as drug traffickers and organized criminals compete for control of territory. Prohibitionist policies have destroyed the lives of millions of people as prisons warehouse drug offenders. This important volume represents an effort to map new approaches to drug policies. The contributors write from various disciplinary backgrounds and provide crucial insights on a wide-range of topics, including the gang-drug nexus, delinquency, legalization, trafficking, decriminalization, intervention programs and prison reform. The volume also provides a number of policy solutions and alternatives to the current drug strategies"--

Everyone knows illicit drug use in Australia is worsening, but wouldn't it be helpful if we had precise numbers for gauging the scale of the problem? How useful it would be if we could measure ...

The author the setting for the current measures against drug dealing within the promotion process of neoconservatism. The spreading of which into the socioeconomic field has given rise to the "new right wing". Drug dealing is seen and evaluated as a process which is connected to the conditions of the worldwide economic globalization through its different stages; production, distribution and consumption. With reference to these perspectives and after proving that drugs behabe economically in the same way as any other commodity , the author attempts to demonstrate that the measures taken against the use of drugs form part of various other factors that highpower the market for drugs. ; La autora aborda el problema desde una perspectiva novedosa; por una parte, enmarca a las actuales políticas antinarcotráfico dentro del proceos de ascenso del neoconservadurismo, cuya extensión en el campo económico-social dio origen a la "nueva derecha"; por otra parte, el tráfico de drogas es analizado como un proceso que en sus diferentes fases (producción, distribución, consumo) se encuentra articulado a las condiciones de la globalización económica mundial. Con base en estas dos perspectivas (y tras probar que la droga tiene el mismo comportamiento económico que cualquier otra mercancía), la autora demuestra que la política antidrogas -contra la que se propagandiza- son uno de los factores que dinamizan el mercado narcóticos.