Suchergebnisse

The state objective is one of the contents of a constitution, the historical development of the theory of the state explains that the state objectives theory evolves to adjust the origin of the will of the formation of the state. Ideology as a foundation in a country is a factor that sometimes determines in preference in the formulation of the goals of a nation. This article is intended to discuss ideological evolution in the process of formulating state goals which ultimately affects the character of the constitution in a state.

This article uses survey data to examine Daniel J. Elazar's theory of political subcultures in the American states. While one of the most widely cited conceptual frameworks in American politics, it has never been operationalized and tested at the individual level. Survey questions are used to operationalize four dimensions to Elazar's formulation, but there is no correlation across the four dimensions. Two more traditional categorizations of Elazar's subtypes are developed: one based on geographic locale and the other on religion and ethnicity. A comparison of these measures also reveals little internal coherence, which suggests that, while Elazar may have identified some important dimensions of American political culture, these dimensions may not be associated in the manner that he hypothesized. Pursuing this line of analysis, some standard hypotheses are examined using the survey questions as separate indicators of cultural orientations toward politics. This analysis provides results that, within separate spheres of political behavior, are consistent with Elazar's expectations. The article suggests that, while he may have identified some key aspects of political culture, his cultural groupings have little empirical foundation.

The article explores political cognition, which can focus primarily on identifying events and phenomena that are of particular importance for a particular political situation or are relevant to the public concerned. It is emphasized that golytic knowledge of the postmodern age, liberation from value priorities, expediency of progress, public benefit, can broadly attract ordinary or unscientific expert assessments. Focused attention to the disclosure of new causal relationships between political facts and the prediction of political processes, often uses subjective or authoritarian terms, which have not found a statement in the broad scientific community. It is emphasized that in modern scientific knowledge the priority of terminological severity is shifted in favor of a projective study, which directs efforts to acquire new knowledge. It is argued that the transformation of science into a part of the production complex and, at the same time, on a social phenomenon determines a certain professional approach of political scientists and understanding their significance and responsibility for their scientific results. It is substantiated that political knowledge is embedded in the cultural continuum and is determined by the norms generated by the civilization development of society. The possibility of acquiring qualitatively new paradigm knowledge involves an analysis of the state of a political subject and his thinking in the conditions of new and new conditions of standardization considered.

Kulon Progo is the first area to have a local content of Reproductive Health Education in the curriculum, that is, since 2014. This was motivated by the high rate of underage marriage and the high level of maternal mortality ratio in the Special Region of Yogyakarta at that time. The Regent of Kulon Progo who served during that period, Hasto Wardoyo, was the party who initiated and directly led this policy-making process. This study seeks to analyze the form of political commitment from Hasto Wardoyo in the policy on Public Health Education by using Boli's theory of political will criteria, in which political commitment is broadly divided into three groups, namely verbal will, institutional will, and budgetary will. Researchers used qualitative research methods supported by interview data with parties directly involved in the process of making and implementing policies, including the Chair of the Indonesia Union of Teachers, the Chair of the Indonesia Association of Family Planning, the Head of the Education Office, and the Head of the Health Office in the regency. The results of this study indicate that the Regent has shown his political commitment in the sense of verbal and regulation dimensions. However, in terms of institutional and budgetary will, the Regent did not show any form of political commitment, which resulted in the neglect of this policy on Reproductive Health Education after it had been launched.

Received: 20 May 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

THE ROLE OF POLITICAL POWER IN IMPLEMENTING AND EVALUATING PUBLIC POLICY IS DISCUSSED. POLITICAL ACTIVITY IS DISCUSSED ON 2 LEVELS: THE FORMAL LEGISLATIVE PROCESS AND THE POWER MANEUVERS DESIGNED TO AFFECT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES NECESSARY FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PROGRAM GOALS.

A discussion of the role of political power in implementing & evaluating. Political activity is discussed on two levels: (1) the formal legislative process, & (2) power maneuvers designed to affect the implementation of policies & the distribution of resources necessary for the achievement of program goals. Focusing on the deinstitutionalization of care & treatment for handicapped individuals, political & power forces brought into play as attempts are made to plan for & implement the policy are illustrated. Strategies, tactics, methods, & techniques necessary to achieve change are discussed in relation to specific problems. HA.

The question raised in this Communication is the place of the "political forum" (of political parties) in the framing of public policies. This question concerns two aspects which are being attempted to develop in parallel: the scale of the impact (strong, moderate, small, etc.) and the processes through which this impact is to take place. Our assumption is that the influence of the Political Forum depends on the pre-policy phase, i.e. agenda-setting: depending on the type of problem agenda, the impact will be different because the place of the political forum will be different from the other fora. We will therefore try to build a typology of agenda setup from the perspective of the political forum to try to understand and scale up the role of the policy forum on public policy-making. ; La question posée dans cette communication est celle de la place du "forum politique" (des partis politiques) dans la fonvulation des politiques publiques. Cette interrogation porte sur deux aspects que l'on va tenter de développer parallèlement : celui de l'ampleur de l'impact (fort, modéré, faible.) et celui des processus à travers lesquels cet impact va s'exercer. Notre hypothèse est que l'influence du forum politique dépend de la phase qui précède la formulation des politiques, à savoir la mise sur agenda : suivant le type de mise sur agenda du problème, l'impact sera différent parce que la place du forum politique sera différente par rapport aux autres forums. Nous allons donc tenter de construire une typologie de la mise sur agenda du point de vue de la place du forum politique pour tenter de comprendre et de graduer le rôle du forum politique sur l'élaboration des politiques publiques.

Policy formulation relies upon the interplay of knowledge-based analysis of issues with power-based considerations, such as the political assessment of the costs and benefits of proposed actions, and its effects on the partisan and electoral concerns of governments. Policy scholars have long been interested in how governments successfully create, deploy and utilise policy instruments, but the literature on policy formulation has, until now, remained fragmented. This comprehensive Handbook unites original scholarship on policy tools and design, with contributions examining policy actors and the roles they play in the formulation process.