Suchergebnisse

Today we've published three great new essays for Cato's Defending Globalization project.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Contributor Presentations -- Preface -- Part I Background and Introduction -- 1 Introduction: Different Dimensions of Gender Equality in a Comparative Perspective -- Part II Examining Gender Equality in a Global Perspective -- 2 Gender Equality in Nigeria -- 3 Gender Equality in the Arab and Muslim World: Whither Post-Revolutionary Egypt? -- 4 (Un)doing Gender Equality in China -- 5 A "Fair Go" in the Lucky Country? Gender Equality and the Australian Case -- 6 Gender Equality in Uruguay -- 7 Structural and Ideological Gender Equality in Mexico -- 8 Gender Equality in the United States -- 9 Gender Equality in Serbia -- 10 Gender Equality in Croatia -- 11 Gender Equality in Estonia -- Part III Comments and Conclusions -- 12 Commentary: The Nature and Impact of Gender Equality Initiatives Around the Globe-Tensions and Paradoxes -- 13 Conclusion -- Index

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established following the UN Millennium Declaration, which was approved by the UN General Assembly in September 2000. Described by some as the "world's biggest promise," they set out a series of time-bound targets to be achieved by the international community by 2015, including a halving of extreme poverty, a two-third reduction in child mortality, a three-quarter reduction in maternal mortality, and universal primary education. The MDGs were, however, often criticized for having a "blind spot" with regard to inequality and social injustice. Worse, they may even have contributed to entrenched inequalities through perverse incentives. As some have argued, in order to achieve progress toward the MDG targets at the national level, governments focused their attention on the "easy to reach" populations and ignored more marginalized, vulnerable groups. The aim of this essay is to examine the extent to which this widespread criticism has been successfully addressed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), approved by the UN General Assembly in September 2015.

Gender equality holds the key–position in the worldwide development. In every society people, as male and as female, are expected to make some exclusive role performance. This role internalization is done through the process of gender socialization. Irrespective of gender, people have equal access to the resources and services necessary to achieve their individual potential and fulfill their obligations to household, community and more broadly, society. Traditionally, the expected role performance of the female places them in a secondary position in the social structure and in the minds of men and women alike. All institutions–social, economic, political, religious and ideological have been dominated by men. Despite legislative steps prejudices, traditional attitudes and practices continue to perpetrate discrimination against women and actually, no country in the world can claim to have fully achieved gender equality. In the light of global developments on the issue, this paper will examine the steps taken so far by the society/government and make necessary suggestions, wherever possible keeping in view the practical approach of the problem. Since the issue is global, variations in status and state are bound to occur, but it would take a larger view of the matter in the interest of humanity as a whole.

Equality and Economy: The Global Challenge. Michael Blim. New York: AltaMira Press, 2005. 241 pp.

Equality and Economy: The Global Challenge. Michael Blim. New York: AltaMira Press, 2005. 243 pp.

Notwithstanding International Economic Law's (IEL's) inevitable distributional effects, IEL scholarship has had limited engagement with theoretical work on global distributive justice and fairness. In part this reflects the failure of global justice theorists to derive principles that can be readily applied to the concrete problems of IEL. This article bridges this gap, drawing on existing coercion-based accounts of global justice in political theory to propose a novel account of global distributive justice that both resolves problems within the existing theoretical literature and can be directly applied to both explain and critique concrete issues in IEL, including in particular WTO law. By complementing existing coercion-based accounts with a more nuanced typology of international coercion, it distinguishes two morally salient classes of economically relevant measures: External Trade Measures (ETMs), which pursue their goals specifically through the regulation of international economic activity; and Domestic Economic Measures (DEMs), which do not. The distinctive intentional relationship between ETMs and the outsiders they affect means such measures require more stringent justification, in terms of global equality or other goals those outsiders themselves share; whereas DEMs can be justified under the principle of self-determination. Non-Product Related Production Processes and Methods (NPRPPMs) provide a case study to show how this framework can illuminate recurring problems in IEL.