Suchergebnisse

The inaugural gathering of The Environment Community Health Observatory (ECHO) Network is a network of academic, non-profit, and health authority scholars and practitioners committed to understanding and responding to the cumulative impacts of resource extraction. The Network is embedded within multiple jurisdictions and institutional contexts, reflecting the Network's efforts to work across sectors to address questions arising in communities and regions experiencing the overlapping influences of rurality, remoteness, and resource extraction. In this paper, we draw from entrance interviews and a group exercise with Network members to explore the complexity of accountability as an unfolding challenge for research that addresses resource extraction in Canada. We locate these findings within the current settler colonial context in which the Network is embroiled, arguing that a condition of settler colonialism is erasing not only Indigenous legal orders but also accountability mechanisms outside of state-based discourses. In making this argument, we understand settler colonialism as a failed yet persistent project. We contend that collectively engaging through situated and relational accountabilities beyond simply accounting for "accountability", ECHO Network members—and others looking to social and environmental change—are critically challenged to approach settler-state apparatuses for transformative engagement beyond merely recognizing that accountability is relational.

Bu çalışmada Türkiye ekonomisinin 1970-2012 yılları arasındaki ekonomik dönüşümü girdi çıktı modeli vasıtasıyla incelenmiş ve ekonomideki yatırım önceliği olan sektörler Hirschman'ın ileri geri bağlantı sınıflandırması çerçevesinde belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Analiz bütünlüğü açısından tüm girdi çıktı tablolarında ekonomi 10 sektöre ayrılarak bu sektörler üzerinden değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak ileri ve geri bağlantı etkisi en fazla olan sektör ara malı üreten sanayiler olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler Türkiye ekonomisinin tarıma dayalı ekonomiden sanayiye dayalı ekonomiye geçiş yaptığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte daha gelişmiş bir ekonomi için iktisadi dönüşümün devam etmesi gerektiği açıktır.

Описание добросовестности в гражданском праве практически совпадает с описанием невиновности в праве публичном. Однако данный факт системно не исследуется несколько десятилетий, поскольку отраслевыми науками изучение «чужих» категорий не приветствуется. Ситуация разрешилась лишь на стыке отраслевой науки и науки конституционного права. Такое сочетание позволило выйти за рамки предмета отрасли при рассмотрении гражданско-правовых вопросов. Проблема. Указывающие на добросовестность и невиновность свойства психики субъекта, являясь «внеправовыми», едины для всех отраслей права. Поэтому очевидная схожесть этих разноотраслевых феноменов также означает и их общеправовую схожесть, в том числе в границах гражданского права. Между тем одно из логически схожих понятий (добросовестность) презюмируется, а другое подлежит доказыванию (невиновность). Отсюда цель исследования – четкое отграничение презюмируемой добросовестности от подлежащей доказыванию невиновности. Цель достигается построением упрощенных моделей невиновности и добросовестности, а также их сравнением. И в этом смысле исследование является новым. Методика исследования типична для диалектической методологии, дополненной элементами иных методологических подходов. В качестве частных методов особое внимание уделено сравнительно-правовому анализу, логическому анализу, обобщению. В статье обосновывается корректность сопоставления на базе конституционного права конструкций частного и публичного права; обосновывается выбор налогового права в качестве публично-правовой отрасли; проводится терминологический анализ категорий «добросовестность» в гражданском праве и «невиновность» в налоговом праве, а также других понятий, смежных с данными категориями, с использованием метода обобщения; осуществляется логико-терминологическое упрощение понятий для целей их сравнения; производится фактическое табличное сравнение понятий, а также даются комментарии. По результатам исследования авторами сформулирован ряд подходов для возможной коррекции законоположений, в частности, о том, что недобросовестность участников гражданских правоотношений, допустивших виновное нарушение чужих прав, должна предполагаться. ; The description of conscientiousness in civil law almost coincides with the description of innocence in public law. However, this fact is not systematically studied for several decades, since the study of «alien» categories is not welcome by branch sciences. The situation was resolved only at the intersection of branch science and constitutional law science. This combination allowed going beyond the sector's subject when considering civil law matters. Properties of the psyche of the subject, indicating the conscientiousness and innocence, being «extralegal», are the same for all branches of law. Therefore, the obvious similarity of these phenomena in different branches of law also means their common legal similarity, including within the boundaries of civil law. Meanwhile, one of the logically similar concepts (conscientiousness) is presumed and another is the subject to proof (innocence). Hence, the aim of the research is an accurate differentiation of presumptive conscientiousness from the innocence, which is the subject to proof. The objectives are achieved by creation of simplified models of innocence and conscientiousness as well as their comparison. In this sense, the research is new. The research methodology is typical for the dialectical one complemented with some elements of other methodological approaches. As for the private methods, special attention is paid to comparative legal analysis, logical analysis, and generalization. The article substantiates the correctness of the comparison on the basis of constitutional law of the models of private and public law, the choice of tax law as a public law's branch; the terminological analysis of the categories «conscientiousness» in civil law and «innocence» in tax law as well as other concepts related to these categories is conducted with the use of the generalization method; logical and terminological simplification of concepts for their comparison is carried out; the actual tabular comparison of concepts is made, and the comments are given. Based on the results of the research, the authors have formulated a number of approaches for the possible correction of legal provisions. In particular, dishonesty of the participants in civil legal relations who have committed a guilty violation of someone's rights should be assumed.

Aim: to design, implement and evaluate a nurse-led capacity building intervention (PromoGOB) for intersectoral action for health at local governments. Design: the programme was based on theories of the policy process and organizational change and facilitated by a nurse developing a health broker role. A complex intervention perspective was adopted in carrying out the study. The intervention was evaluated using a mixed method embedded design. Methods: quantitative component relied on a specific questionnaire. This tool, designed and piloted ad hoc, measured the capacity in terms of knowledge, awareness, resources, skills, and commitment, both at sectoral and government levels. For the qualitative component, semi-structured interviews were conducted. These explored the perceived capacity and feasibility and acceptability issues. The programme was initiated at the end of October 2019, and it lasted a total of 5 weeks. Nineteen individuals representing various sectors at a local government in northern Spain participated in the study. The data analysis was concluded by the end of March 2020. Findings: promoGOB positively influenced participants' capacity for addressing health promotion. Awareness component, intersectoral work and the nurse as health broker were essential in the programme. The necessity of political participation was identified as an issue to be prioritized in future studies. Conclusion: this study highlights the relevance of capacity building at local governments and the role that nurses can play in it. Further work should be undertaken to continue developing Health in All Policies approach at local level. Impact: this study offers a starting point for nurses to get involved in the policy process of health promotion, performing a specific role as health brokers, building capacity at local governments for addressing social determinants of health, and delving into theories and concepts of the Health in All Policies field. ; University of Navarre Association and Government of Navarra (predoctoral ...

What is global health and why is it so important? -- Health determinants, measurements, and the global burden of disease -- Health systems and universal health coverage -- Environmental and occupational health and intersectoral approaches -- Nutrition and the health of women, children, and adolescents -- Communicable diseases -- Noncommunicable diseases, mental health, and injuries.

Health in all policies is a key approach to promote health and calls for cooperation between diverse levels of government and different sectors. In this paper, we analyze how a network called 'Healthy Region Plus' in Southern Germany addresses intersectoral cooperation at city and county levels. We aim to analyze the different roles of actors involved in the network based on the promoter model. We conducted two socio-material network mappings based on the Net-map approach by Schiffer and Hauck. The analysis followed three steps: data visualization, descriptive analysis of network properties, and interpretation of findings. Our findings reveal a complex intersectoral cooperation structure, with county and city level clusters, with network members who act as diverse power, expert, process, or relationship promoters. We also identified certain relevant sectors not to be part of the network. We discuss that the success of the network depends on the members' active participation in and their outreach beyond the existing network, between city and county levels, and across sectors to promote health and build health-promoting structures in the region.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to understand the potential and limits of the intersectoral articulation of the School Health Program for the promotion of children's health from the perspective of primary care professionals. This research had a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory approach, carried out with 20 health professionals from different professional categories, in four municipalities in the Greater Florianópolis. Data collection was carried out through interviews from November 2020 to March 2021. The data underwent content analysis and discussed according to the theoretical framework of health promotion. It stood out as potential: monitoring the health conditions of schoolchildren, expanding access to health information, partnership with other sectors, and the creation of links with the school community. The limits highlighted were the partial coverage of the school network, the lack of knowledge about the program, the overload of activities, the lack of human resources and infrastructure, and the impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that there is a need to strengthen the School Health Program as a public policy with the purpose of implementing articulated actions between health and education so that they can actually improve schoolchildren's quality of life and act on their social determinants.

Abstract Background Recent research has suggested that water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions, in addition to mass drug administration (MDA), are necessary for controlling and eliminating many neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Objectives This study investigated the integration of NTD and WASH programming in order to identify barriers to widespread integration and make recommendations about ideal conditions and best practices critical to future integrated programs. Methods Twenty-four in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders in the global NTD and WASH sectors to identify barriers and ideal conditions in programmatic integration. Results The most frequently mentioned barriers to WASH and NTD integration included: 1) differing programmatic objectives in the two sectors, including different indicators and metrics; 2) a disproportionate focus on mass drug administration; 3) differences in the scale of funding; 4) siloed funding; and 5) a lack of coordination and information sharing between the two sectors. Participants also conveyed that a more holistic approach was needed if future integration efforts are to be scaled-up. The most commonly mentioned requisite conditions included: 1) education and advocacy; 2) development of joint indicators; 3) increased involvement at the ministerial level; 4) integrated strategy development; 5) creating task forces or committed partnerships; and 6) improved donor support. Conclusions Public health practitioners planning to integrate NTD and WASH programs can apply these results to create conditions for more effective programs and mitigate barriers to success. Donor agencies should consider funding more integration efforts to further test the proof of principle, and additional support from national and local governments is recommended if integration efforts are to succeed. Intersectoral efforts that include the development of shared indicators and objectives are needed to foster conditions conducive to expanding effective integration programs.

BackgroundRecent research has suggested that water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions, in addition to mass drug administration (MDA), are necessary for controlling and eliminating many neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).ObjectivesThis study investigated the integration of NTD and WASH programming in order to identify barriers to widespread integration and make recommendations about ideal conditions and best practices critical to future integrated programs.MethodsTwenty-four in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders in the global NTD and WASH sectors to identify barriers and ideal conditions in programmatic integration.ResultsThe most frequently mentioned barriers to WASH and NTD integration included: 1) differing programmatic objectives in the two sectors, including different indicators and metrics; 2) a disproportionate focus on mass drug administration; 3) differences in the scale of funding; 4) siloed funding; and 5) a lack of coordination and information sharing between the two sectors. Participants also conveyed that a more holistic approach was needed if future integration efforts are to be scaled-up. The most commonly mentioned requisite conditions included: 1) education and advocacy; 2) development of joint indicators; 3) increased involvement at the ministerial level; 4) integrated strategy development; 5) creating task forces or committed partnerships; and 6) improved donor support.ConclusionsPublic health practitioners planning to integrate NTD and WASH programs can apply these results to create conditions for more effective programs and mitigate barriers to success. Donor agencies should consider funding more integration efforts to further test the proof of principle, and additional support from national and local governments is recommended if integration efforts are to succeed. Intersectoral efforts that include the development of shared indicators and objectives are needed to foster conditions conducive to expanding effective integration programs.

BackgroundRecent research has suggested that water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions, in addition to mass drug administration (MDA), are necessary for controlling and eliminating many neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).ObjectivesThis study investigated the integration of NTD and WASH programming in order to identify barriers to widespread integration and make recommendations about ideal conditions and best practices critical to future integrated programs.MethodsTwenty-four in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders in the global NTD and WASH sectors to identify barriers and ideal conditions in programmatic integration.ResultsThe most frequently mentioned barriers to WASH and NTD integration included: 1) differing programmatic objectives in the two sectors, including different indicators and metrics; 2) a disproportionate focus on mass drug administration; 3) differences in the scale of funding; 4) siloed funding; and 5) a lack of coordination and information sharing between the two sectors. Participants also conveyed that a more holistic approach was needed if future integration efforts are to be scaled-up. The most commonly mentioned requisite conditions included: 1) education and advocacy; 2) development of joint indicators; 3) increased involvement at the ministerial level; 4) integrated strategy development; 5) creating task forces or committed partnerships; and 6) improved donor support.ConclusionsPublic health practitioners planning to integrate NTD and WASH programs can apply these results to create conditions for more effective programs and mitigate barriers to success. Donor agencies should consider funding more integration efforts to further test the proof of principle, and additional support from national and local governments is recommended if integration efforts are to succeed. Intersectoral efforts that include the development of shared indicators and objectives are needed to foster conditions conducive to expanding effective integration programs.

BACKGROUND: Recent research has suggested that water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions, in addition to mass drug administration (MDA), are necessary for controlling and eliminating many neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the integration of NTD and WASH programming in order to identify barriers to widespread integration and make recommendations about ideal conditions and best practices critical to future integrated programs. METHODS: Twenty-four in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders in the global NTD and WASH sectors to identify barriers and ideal conditions in programmatic integration. RESULTS: The most frequently mentioned barriers to WASH and NTD integration included: 1) differing programmatic objectives in the two sectors, including different indicators and metrics; 2) a disproportionate focus on mass drug administration; 3) differences in the scale of funding; 4) siloed funding; and 5) a lack of coordination and information sharing between the two sectors. Participants also conveyed that a more holistic approach was needed if future integration efforts are to be scaled-up. The most commonly mentioned requisite conditions included: 1) education and advocacy; 2) development of joint indicators; 3) increased involvement at the ministerial level; 4) integrated strategy development; 5) creating task forces or committed partnerships; and 6) improved donor support. CONCLUSIONS: Public health practitioners planning to integrate NTD and WASH programs can apply these results to create conditions for more effective programs and mitigate barriers to success. Donor agencies should consider funding more integration efforts to further test the proof of principle, and additional support from national and local governments is recommended if integration efforts are to succeed. Intersectoral efforts that include the development of shared indicators and objectives are needed to foster conditions conducive to expanding effective integration ...

Background: Intersectoral collaboration is critical to the successful implementation of many public health interventions (PHIs). Little attention has been paid to whether and how processes at the stage of evaluation can promote intersectoral collaboration. The objective of this study was to examine European experiences and views on whether and how the evaluation of PHIs promote intersectoral collaboration. Methods: A qualitative study design was used. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 individuals centrally involved in the evaluation of PHIs in 6 European countries (Austria, Denmark, England, Germany, Norway, and Switzerland). Questions pertained to current processes for evaluating PHIs in the country and current and potential strategies for promoting intersectoral collaboration. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes responding to our primary objective. Results: Experiences with promoting intersectoral collaboration through the evaluation of PHIs could be summarized in 4 themes: (1) Early involvement of non-health sectors in the evaluative process and inclusion of non-health benefits can promote intersectoral collaboration, but should be combined with greater influence of these sectors in shaping PHIs; (2) Harmonization of methodological approaches may enable comparison of results and facilitate intersectoral collaboration, but should not be an overriding goal; (3) Involvement in health impact assessments (HIAs) can promote intersectoral collaboration, but needs to be incentivized and be conducted without putting overwhelming demands on non-health sectors; (4) A designated body for evaluating PHIs may promote intersectoral collaboration, but its design needs to take account of realities of policy-making. Conclusion: The full potential for promoting intersectoral collaboration through the evaluation of PHIs appears currently unrealized in the settings we studied. To further promote intersectoral collaboration, evaluators and decisionmakers may consider the full range of strategies characterized in this study. This may be most effective if the strategies are deployed so that they reinforce each other, value outcomes beyond health, and are tailored to maximize political priority for PHIs across sectors.

BACKGROUND: The INHERIT (INtersectoral Health and Environment Research for InnovaTion) project has evaluated intersectoral cooperation (IC) in 12 European case studies attempting to promote health, environmental sustainability, and equity through behavior and lifestyle changes. These factors are the concerns of multiple sectors of government and society. Cooperation of health and environmental sectors with other sectors is needed to enable effective action. IC is thus essential to promote a triple win of health, sustainability, and equity. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the design of a qualitative study to gain insights into successful organization of IC, facilitators and barriers, and how future steps can be taken to improve IC in the evaluated case studies. METHODS: Each case study was assessed qualitatively through a focus group. A total of 12 focus groups in 10 different European countries with stakeholders, implementers, policymakers, and/or citizens were held between October 2018 and March 2019. Five to eight participants attended each focus group. The focus group method was based on appreciative inquiry, which is an asset-based approach focusing on what works well, why it is working well, and how to strengthen assets in the future. A stepped approach was used, with central coordination and analysis, and local implementation and reporting. Local teams were trained to apply a common protocol using a webinar and handbook on organizing, conducting, and reporting focus groups. Data were gathered in each country in the local language. Translated data were analyzed centrally using deductive thematic analysis, with consideration of further emerging themes. Analyses involved the capability, opportunity, motivation-behavior (COM-b) system to categorize facilitators and barriers into capability, motivation, or opportunity-related themes, as these factors influence the behaviors of individuals and groups. Web-based review sessions with representatives from all local research teams were held to check data analysis ...

Tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy foods are key contributors to non-communicable diseases globally. Public health advocates have been proactive in recent years, developing systems to monitor and mitigate both health harms and influence by these industries. However, establishing and implementating strong government regulation of these unhealthy product-producing industries remains challenging. The relevant regulatory instruments lie not only with ministries of health but with agriculture, finance, industry and trade, largely driven by economic concerns. These policy sectors are often unreceptive to public health imperatives for restrictions on industry, including policies regarding labelling, marketing and excise taxes. Heavily influenced by traditional economic paradigms, they have been more receptive to industry calls for (unfettered) market competition, the rights of consumers to choose and the need for government to allow industry free rein; at most to establish voluntary standards of consumer protection, and certainly not to directly regulate industry products and practices. In recent years, the status quo of a narrow economic rationality that places economic growth above health, environment or other social goals is being re-evaluated by some governments and key international economic agencies, leading to windows of opportunity with the potential to transform how governments approach food, tobacco and alcohol as major, industry-driven risk factors. To take advantage of this window of opportunity, the public health community must work with different sectors of government to(1) reimagine policy mandates, drawing on whole-of-government imperatives for sustainable development, and (2) closely examine the institutional structures and governance processes, in order to create points of leverage for economic policies that also support improved health outcomes.

The burden of chronic disease in Europe continues to grow. A major challenge facing national governments is how to tackle the risk factors of sedentary lifestyle, alcohol abuse, smoking, and unhealthy diet. These factors are complex and necessitate intersectoral collaboration to strengthen health promotion, counter-act the social determinants of health, and reduce the prevalence of chronic disease. European countries have diverse intersectoral collaboration to encourage health promotion activities. In the Joint Action CHRODIS-PLUS success factors for intersectoral collaboration within and outside healthcare which strengthen health promotion activities were identified with a mixed method design via a survey of 22 project partners in 14 countries and 2 workshops. In six semi-structured interviews, the mechanisms underlying these success factors were examined. These mechanisms can be very context-specific but do give more insight into how they can be replicated. In this paper, 20 health promotion interventions from national programs in CHRODIS PLUS are explored. This includes community interventions, policy actions, integrated approaches, capacity building, and training activities. The interventions involved collaboration across three to more than six sectors. The conclusion is a set of seven recommendations that are considered to be essential for fostering intersectoral collaboration to improve health-promoting activities.