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AbstractWe estimate the link between exchange rate fluctuations and the labour input of Canadian manufacturing industries. The analysis is based on a dynamic model of labour demand and the econometric strategy employs a panel two‐step approach for cointegrating regressions. Our data are drawn from a panel of 20 manufacturing industries from the KLEMS database and cover a long sample period that includes all cycles of appreciation and depreciation of the Canadian dollar over the last 50 years. Our results indicate that exchange rate fluctuations have significant long‐term effects on the labour input of Canada's manufacturing industries, especially for trade‐oriented industries, but that these long‐term impacts materialize very gradually following shocks.

This paper analyses the economic effects of the eastern enlargement of the EU both on the existing Member States and the candidate countries using simulation results of a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. In addition to conventional trade policy impacts such as custom union formation and common agricultural policy the effects of factor mobility, induced by institutional changes, are analyzed. The analysis is based on six different scenarios. According to the results EU membership will accelerate growth in output, investment and consumption in the candidate countries in all scenarios. However, it turns out that factor mobility effects dominate those of conventional trade policy. Growth in national income will lag behind GDP growth because profits will be paid out to foreign investors. Migration will slow output growth in the candidate countries and accelerate growth in the existing Member States, while the trends in per capita consumption will be reversed; migration increases per capita consumption in the new Member States and reduces it slightly in the existing ones.

Evidence suggests that the Canada‐U.S. Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA) had almost no effect on earnings and had a small negative effect on manufacturing employment. Theory suggests that a change in trade policy may affect skilled and less‐skilled workers differently. The labour market consequences of CUSTA tariff reductions are analysed in this paper. It is found that the tariff reductions lowered employment predominantly among less‐skilled workers but did not affect the earnings of either skilled or less‐skilled workers. The employment effects are due to the fact that relatively less‐skill‐intensive industries were more highly protected than high‐skill‐intensive industries prior to CUSTA.On montre que l'accord de libre échange Canada‐US n'a eu presque pas d'effet sur les gains et un impact négatif faible sur l'emploi dans le secteur manufacturier. La théorie suggère qu'un changement dans la politique commerciale peut avoir un effet différent sur les travailleurs qualifiés et moins qualifiés. Le mémoire analyse les effets des réductions dans les droits de douane sur le marché du travail. Il appert que les réductions des tarifs douaniers ont eu des effets négatifs sur l'emploi des moins qualifiés mais n'ont pas affecté le niveau des gains des qualifiés et des moins qualifiés. Les effets d'emploi sont attribuables au fait que les industries engageant des personnes relativement moins qualifiées étaient davantage protégés avant l'accord de libre échange que les industries employant une main d'oeuvre plus qualifiée.

We investigate the influence of accreditation requirements on the speed of adjustment in the markets for eight building trades in 20 Canadian cities from 1971 to 2010. We aim to improve our understanding of how labour market institutions and regulations may impede adjustment in the markets for skilled labour, and therefore lead to persistent skills imbalances. Our estimates for the speed of labour market adjustment in construction trades cast doubt on characterizations of markets for skilled labour in Canada as "inflexible" and we find little evidence that longer apprenticeship programs are associated with slower labour market adjustment.

Abstract
We explore how different investment frictions affect the patterns of responses of labour markets to tariff cuts. To investigate these patterns, we formulate a multi-sector dynamic model featuring capital and labour adjustment costs that we fit to Argentine data. Using counterfactual simulations of a tariff decline in the textile sector, we show that capital adjustment can create long-run responses of real wages that are larger than the short-run responses. This happens as textile firms disinvest during the transition. We also show that the reduction of tariffs on capital inputs boosts investment and real wages across sectors.

The article attempts to examine the impact of differential adoption of modern rice technologies on the agricultural labour markets across production environments in Tamil Nadu. The labour use functions are examined separately for family and hired labour in order to identify the impact of MV (modern rice variety) adoption on the labour use. (DÜI-Sen)