Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Gestures are central to our aesthetic experiences. This is not only true of choreography, theater, and music, but of literature as well. In the following pages, I will (somewhat presumptuously) attempt to reframe our perception of the last three hundred years of literary history by considering the experience of reading literature as a form of gestural impregnation. Within the broad context of what is now frequently referred to as " media archeology, " reading tales, short stories, novels, or plays appears as a complex form of immersion in fictional universes, leading the immersed subject to develop specific relational gestures—in a very similar manner to the way in which a Wii player is led to execute certain bodily gestures when interacting with the machine. I will first suggest that the type of relational gestures inculcated through literature over the past centuries should be analyzed in close connection with the development of political economy. I will then attempt to show how literary studies, as well as the humanities at large, deserve to be reframed in order to accommodate the softness of interpretive gestures against the hardness of machine protocols. In a brief last section, I will sketch some of the ways in which literary interpretation can inspire claims for new human rights within a broad political ecology of gestures. Because my argument is (ridiculously) wide and far-reaching, I will only be able to sketch it within the limits of this article—hence its rather dogmatic style, which will assert a series of quasidogmatic theses. In an issue devoted to the theme of reading, I will leave it to the reader to connect the dots—hoping that the resulting figure will be more convincing than the skeleton presented here only in its most massive features.

International audience ; Gestures are central to our aesthetic experiences. This is not only true of choreography, theater, and music, but of literature as well. In the following pages, I will (somewhat presumptuously) attempt to reframe our perception of the last three hundred years of literary history by considering the experience of reading literature as a form of gestural impregnation. Within the broad context of what is now frequently referred to as " media archeology, " reading tales, short stories, novels, or plays appears as a complex form of immersion in fictional universes, leading the immersed subject to develop specific relational gestures—in a very similar manner to the way in which a Wii player is led to execute certain bodily gestures when interacting with the machine. I will first suggest that the type of relational gestures inculcated through literature over the past centuries should be analyzed in close connection with the development of political economy. I will then attempt to show how literary studies, as well as the humanities at large, deserve to be reframed in order to accommodate the softness of interpretive gestures against the hardness of machine protocols. In a brief last section, I will sketch some of the ways in which literary interpretation can inspire claims for new human rights within a broad political ecology of gestures. Because my argument is (ridiculously) wide and far-reaching, I will only be able to sketch it within the limits of this article—hence its rather dogmatic style, which will assert a series of quasidogmatic theses. In an issue devoted to the theme of reading, I will leave it to the reader to connect the dots—hoping that the resulting figure will be more convincing than the skeleton presented here only in its most massive features.

International audience Gestures are central to our aesthetic experiences. This is not only true of choreography, theater, and music, but of literature as well. In the following pages, I will (somewhat presumptuously) attempt to reframe our perception of the last three hundred years of literary history by considering the experience of reading literature as a form of gestural impregnation. Within the broad context of what is now frequently referred to as " media archeology, " reading tales, short stories, novels, or plays appears as a complex form of immersion in fictional universes, leading the immersed subject to develop specific relational gestures—in a very similar manner to the way in which a Wii player is led to execute certain bodily gestures when interacting with the machine. I will first suggest that the type of relational gestures inculcated through literature over the past centuries should be analyzed in close connection with the development of political economy. I will then attempt to show how literary studies, as well as the humanities at large, deserve to be reframed in order to accommodate the softness of interpretive gestures against the hardness of machine protocols. In a brief last section, I will sketch some of the ways in which literary interpretation can inspire claims for new human rights within a broad political ecology of gestures. Because my argument is (ridiculously) wide and far-reaching, I will only be able to sketch it within the limits of this article—hence its rather dogmatic style, which will assert a series of quasidogmatic theses. In an issue devoted to the theme of reading, I will leave it to the reader to connect the dots—hoping that the resulting figure will be more convincing than the skeleton presented here only in its most massive features.

Erich Hörl's Sacred Channels is an original take on the history of communication theory and the cultural imaginary of communication understood through the notions of the sacred and the primitive. Hörl offers insight into the shared ground of anthropology and media theory in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and presents an archeology of the philosophy of technology that underpins contemporary culture. This singular and unique project focuses on the ethnological disciplines and their phantasmatic imaginations of a prealphabetical realm of the sacred and the primitive but reads them in the context of media cultural questions as epistemic unconscious and as projections of the emerging postalphabetical condition. Drawing inspiration from work by the likes of Friedrich Kittler, Hörl's understanding of cybernetics in the post-World War II interdisciplinary field informs a rich analysis that is of interest to media scholars and to anyone seeking to understand the historical and theoretical underpinnings of the humanities in the age of technical media.

With the rapid spread of information technologies today, many archival materials, such as digitized old photographs and videos of representatives of the peoples of the world, in general, and the Caucasus, in particular, have become available to general public. The mentioned materials have a tremendous impact on the image and perception of the material culture of these peoples. Despite the obvious advantages of ample opportunities for the spread of scientific data, these archival and historical materials, unfortunately, are not always used correctly. For instance, on the Internet and in print media, the erroneous use of photographs depicting representatives and elements of the material culture of one people as figures and attributes of other peoples is quite common. Our study analyses four archival photographs from various sources that have appeared in scientific and popular science literature, as well as in encyclopedias, articles, websites of major state and independent media, in materials telling about the Nogai people. We aim to prevent the erroneous use of photographs that have no bearing to Nogais. To achieve this, the author attempts to verify the legitimacy of attributing the studied photographic materials to the Nogais by attracting a broad evidence base in the form of archival data, museum exhibits, works of art historians and historians, as well as a comparative analysis of available material. In the course of the study, the author has come to a sufficiently substantiated conclusion that the photographs presented in the study depict not representatives of the Nogai people, but representatives of the Balkars, Kalmyks, Cossacks and Kazakhs. The researcher of the present work urges the authors of publications about the Nogais to use photographic materials, the relevancy of which is undoubtful.

The article discusses the formation and development of the Soviet national press in the autonomies of the North Caucasus in the first post-revolutionary decade. The national press became one of the primary tasks in building socialist culture and socialist ideology. The article reflects the role of the media as a tool for the formation of public consciousness and the most powerful method of mass education and the fight against illiteracy. The process of Latinization of the alphabets of mountaineers is considered, the reasons for this process are explained, the advantages of national alphabets on a Latin graphic basis are revealed as compared to the majority of the highlanders, using the Arab one. The author notes that Latinization was a kind of catalyst for the development of the print. The range of issues that the first Soviet newspapers were supposed to cover as ideas and principles of the Soviet state is defined. The article describes the structure of an extensive media system aimed at all sectors of society. There are groups of newspapers of regional significance, published in Russian, as well as newspapers, published in the local languages of the mountaineers. The role of local newspapers in the process of emergence and development of national artistic culture is shown. The first newspapers became the focus of the development of the national literature of the highlanders, since it was on the pages of the newspapers that the representatives of the mountain national artistic intelligentsia published their first works. The process of creating associations of proletarian writers, which took place by rallying local authors of the artistic word around major printed publications of the region, is revealed.

How was the Roman Empire invoked in Brexit Britain and in Donald Trump's United States of America, and to what purpose? And why is it critical to answer these kinds of questions? Heritage and Nationalism explores how people's perceptions and experiences of the ancient past shape political identities in the digital age. It particularly examines the multiple ways in which politicians, parties and private citizens mobilise aspects of the Iron Age, Roman and Medieval past of Britain and Europe to include or exclude 'others' based on culture, religion, class, race, ethnicity, etc. Chiara Bonacchi draws on the results of an extensive programme of research involving both data-intensive and qualitative methods to investigate how pre-modern periods are leveraged to support or oppose populist nationalist arguments as part of social media discussions concerning Brexit, the Italian Election of 2018 and the US-Mexican border debate in the US. Analysing 60 million tweets and Facebook posts, comments and replies, this book is the first to use big data to answer questions about public engagement with the past and identity politics. The findings and insightful conclusions revise and reframe the meaning of populist nationalism today and help to build a shared basis for the democratic engagement of citizens in public life in the future. The book offers a fascinating and unmissable read for anyone interested in how the past and its contemporary legacy, or 'heritage', influence our 'political' thinking and feeling in a time of hyper-interconnectivity.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Caucasian dimension in the modern Georgian historical politics of memory. The author analyzes the main vectors and trajectories of the development of Caucasian narratives in the modern memorial canon of Georgia. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the practices and strategies used by Georgian intellectuals within the framework of the functioning of Caucasian narratives in the modern memorial canon of Georgia as an element of the politics of memory. The article analyzes 1) the role of political elites and the media in the formation of Caucasian narratives in the politics of memory, 2) features of the performative turn in historical politics, 3) Abkhazian and Ossetian narratives as components of the Caucasian politics of memory in modern Georgia. The article shows both the consolidating and conflict potential of the Caucasian dimension in Georgian historical politics. It is assumed that the Caucasian narratives in the modern memorial canon are predominantly symbolic for solving internal political problems, since the real influence of Georgia in the region is minimized by external factors. The results of the study suggest that the Caucasian narratives in the Georgian politics of memory have become an element of the ideological legitimation of the elites and the promotion of the concept of Georgia's special role in the Caucasus.

In the context of the current, in general, extremely problematic situation with the integration of ethnic minorities that have appeared on the territory of certain countries, both as a result of recent migrations (European countries) and traditionally living on their territory (the states of the post-Soviet space, Asia, and also, with some reservations, USA), the positive experience in this regard looks especially relevant. Armenia, being presented in common discourse as a mono-ethnic state, however, not only has a number of ethnic minorities on its territory, but also is the very example of their successful integration within the framework of a single social structure and a single state. In this regard, the relevance of our research is seen in understanding the self-identification and self-perception of the ethnic minorities of the Republic of Armenia in this capacity, on the one hand, and as citizens of the republic, on the other. We have studied this problem through consideration of the self-description of these communities and their historical memory. This research, being part of a larger project, is directly dedicated to the self-identification of the Assyrian ethnic minority of the Republic of Armenia. As sources, the author used interviews with secular and religious leaders of the Assyrian community in Armenia (see "Applications"), as well as publications in the media and thematic publics of the community on social networks.

In the wake of interest in martial arts and the nationalist upsurge in 1970-1990 in Georgia, the first attempts to appeal to local martial arts practices that did not receive state support in the Soviet period arise.
Already in the late 1980s. the first attempts are made to reconstruct the traditions of Georgian martial arts. In 1993, they led to the creation of the Georgian Martial Arts Federation, which later added the word "Khridoli" to its name.
Inspired by the national feeling, the founders and ideologists of the federation see in local military practices not only the basis for creating a national sport, but also a means of educating Georgian identity and instilling forms of behavior and moral standards that are considered appropriate for the Georgian.
This article, based on my own materials, collected in 2018-2019, as well as on publications and discussions on the topic in the media and the Internet, I will consider how, within the framework of the Georgian martial art federation "Khridoli", its ideologists conceptualize the Georgian tradition of military techniques and the scenarios of its adoption as a living practice.
The enthusiasts of tradition combine the desire to create a competitive sports training system within the Federation with an unconditional recognition of the importance of maintaining "historicity" and "authenticity". The need to resolve the contradictions that arise and the search for balance determine the nature of organizational work with tradition in the Federation.
The Federation of Georgian Martial Arts ("Khridoli") can be seen as a living laboratory or workshop for the study, reinterpretation, construction of tradition, but also for the creation and popularization of new viable practice.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show how the documentation movement associated with the utopian thinkers Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine relied on patent offices as well as the documents most closely associated with this institutional setting – the patents themselves – as central to the formation of the document category. The main argument is that patents not only were subjected to and helped construct, but also in fact engineered the development of technoscientific order during 1895–1937. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on an interdisciplinary approach to intellectual property, document theory and insights from media archeology. Focused on the historical period 1895–1937, this study allows for an analysis that encapsulates and accounts for change in a number of comparative areas, moving from bibliography to documentation and from scientific to technoscientific order. Primary sources include Paul Otlet's own writings, relevant contemporary sources from the French documentation movement and the Congrès Mondial de la documentation universelle in 1937. Findings By understanding patent offices and patents as main drivers behind those processes of sorting and classification that constitute technoscientific order, this explorative paper provides a new analytical framework for the study of intellectual property in relation to the history of information and documentation. It argues that the idea of the document may serve to rethink the role of the patent in technoscience, offering suggestions for new and underexplored venues of research in the nexus of several overlapping research fields, from law to information studies. Originality/value Debates over the legitimacy and rationale of intellectual property have raged for many years without signs of abating. Universities, research centers, policy makers, editors and scholars, research funders, governments, libraries and archives all have things to say on the legitimacy of the patent system, its relation to innovation and the appropriate role of intellectual property in research and science, milieus that are of central importance in the knowledge-based economy. The value of this paper lies in proposing a new way to approach patents that could show a way out of the current analytical gridlock of either/or that for many years has earmarked the "openness-enclosure" dichotomy. The combination of intellectual property scholarship and documentation theory provides important new insight into the historical networks and processes by which patents and documents have consolidated and converged during the twentieth century.

The present study aims to consider the specifics of teaching rules of conduct in children in an extended Kumyk family of the XIX – early XX century. Basing on the analysis of a wide range of sources and literature, as well as field ethnographic material obtained in the regions of Kumyks' concentration, the authors present various aspects of etiquette interaction and pedagogical methods of Kumyk upbringing in the XIX - early XX century. The peculiarities of moral education in Kumyk children, on the example of an extended patriarchal family, have been revealed, since etiquette relations were more pronounced in such families than in a small (nuclear) one. It has been noted that the traditional upbringing among Kumyks was varied and oriented towards the adoption of gender stereotypes by children. The stereotypes of "masculinity" and "femininity", gender behavior, gender roles and organization of age-sex labor division in a family are analyzed in the paper. On the basis of extensive field material, the authors give examples of various types of games and children activities, which highlight the differences in gender upbringing and the manifestation of "masculinity" and "femininity" in games. It has been established that the existing division of gender roles in a Kumyk family, under which men performed vocational roles, and women – the family ones, formed in children socially accepted ideas of the masculine and feminine types. In the era of globalization, when the institute of traditional family is on the brink of extinction, and gender-neutral upbringing is actively propagated in the mass media, the study of gender stereotypes and features of gender behavior and upbringing in traditional culture has a major scientific and practical importance. The conclusions of the article may be of interest to members of education and culture, or used when writing works in ethnography and pedagogy. The relevance of this study is due to the interest of scholars in various fields and the general public in gender issues and problems of upbringing.

The author of the article considers the process of formation and development of civil society institutions in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia and their influence on ethno-political processes at various stages of modernization reforms in the post-Soviet Russia, analyzes the formation of regulatory and legal framework of non-commercial organization, the stages of development and the structure of civil society institutions in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. The article covers activity of public authorities, local government and social associations of the republics during the period of growth of centrifugal tendencies in the North Caucasus. The author analyzes attempts to realize various forms of self-determination, to conduct administrative and territorial transformations and considers the factors that negatively affect the ethno-political situation in the region. The author of the article presents the activity of republican institutions of civil society: public chambers, cultural and national centers and associations, youth and religious organizations, mass media, and studies the experience of public chambers in holding meetings where topical issues of socio-economic and public life of the republics were discussed, including those aimed at strengthening of ethno-political stability in the region. An effective form of taking into account the public opinion while developing management decisions is the participation of the Public Chamber in conducting public expertise of draft federal and regional laws. Special mention should be made of the activities of the Public Chamber for prevention of religious extremism. The work on generalization of the activities of religious associations for implementation of social programs and projects aimed at increasing the level of culture of interconfessional and interethnic tolerance among young people is to solve this problem. At the same time, there are some factors that impede the development of civil society institutions in the region. First of all, it is low social activity of citizens and the absence of principled civic position on a number of crucial issues. In conclusion, the author determines main perspective directions of the development of civil society institutions in the region.

Entre 1880 y 1930 se produjo un fenómeno económico, político y social designado como ciclo de expansión de la industria del salitre que trajo consigo una profunda trasformación del territorio en el Norte chileno. Ha pasado medio siglo desde que cerrara la última oficina y aquél episodio histórico y la realidad física ofrece un panorama desolador. El objetivo es fijar la atención sobre un fragmento de territorio que alberga los restos del proceso vinculado a la producción de un abono nitrogenado conocido como salitre. Fruto de una coyuntura histórica muy acotada en el tiempo, su origen, desarrollo y clausura ha dejado una huella intensa cuyos vestigios materiales e inmateriales se configuran como un paisaje desolado que al día de hoy permanece sin una visión que explique su complejidad y, lo que es más importante, sus valores patrimoniales para poder generar estrategias de salvaguarda acordes con una visión actual en ésta materia. Actualmente se corre el riesgo de tomar la senda fácil de convertir las ruinas del pasado en un espectáculo más del circo mediático mediante lo que se suele denominar explotación de recursos turísticos con una atribución añadida a modo de garantía que es su valor identitario. ; Between 1880 and 1930 there was an economic, political and social phenomenon designated cycle expansion of the nitrate industry brought about a profound transformation of the territory in Northern Chile. It's been half a century since the last office closed and that historical episode and physical reality offers a bleak picture. The aim is to focus attention on a piece of land that houses the remains of the process link The result of a bounded time historical juncture, its origin, development and closure has left a strong imprint whose material and immaterial traces are configured as a desolate landscape that today remains a vision that explains its complexity and, more importantly, its equity to generate hedging strategies consistent with current views on this matter values. Currently we run the risk of taking the easy path to convert the ruins of the past into a media circus spectacle over by what is usually called exploitation of tourism resources with an added assignment by way of security is its identity value.

Bodo Ebhardt was an outstanding architect in the tasks of restoration, conservation and research of medieval castles from the Wilhelmine Period up to era of National Socialism. His interest in producing a reasoned compendium, with an on-site analysis of the castles, led him to travel almost all over Europe. The trip to Spain was the last long-haul one, resulted in the publication Spanische Burgenfahrt. We focus on the study to show the intrahistory of that trip and, to a lesser extent, the subsequent essay, in relation to the knowledge and interpretation it proposes about Hispanic military architecture. Contextualization is essential in order to understand both his theoretical and methodological approaches. Therefore, his work method, his journey plan, or his work as a publicist have been studied. Our contributions are based on the comparison of Ebhardt's book with the holdings kept in his personal archive. ; Bodo Ebhardt fue un arquitecto destacado en las labores de restauración, conservación e investigación de castillos medievales desde la época Guillermina hasta el nacionalsocialismo. Su interés por realizar un compendio razonado, con un análisis in situ de los castillos, le llevó a recorrer casi toda Europa. Su viaje a España, el último de largo recorrido, tuvo como resultado la publicación Spanische Burgenfahrt. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar la intrahistoria de aquel viaje y, en menor medida, del ensayo posterior, en relación con el conocimiento y la interpretación que propone sobre la arquitectura militar hispánica. La contextualización resulta esencial para comprender sus planteamientos teóricos y metodológicos. Por ello, hemos estudiado su método de trabajo, la planificación del viaje o su labor como publicista. Las aportaciones que realizamos se sustentan en el cotejo del libro de Ebhardt con los fondos conservados en su archivo personal.