Negative Interest
In: The American economist: journal of the International Honor Society in Economics, Omicron Delta Epsilon, Band 62, Heft 2, S. 139-148
ISSN: 2328-1235
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In: The American economist: journal of the International Honor Society in Economics, Omicron Delta Epsilon, Band 62, Heft 2, S. 139-148
ISSN: 2328-1235
In: Utopie kreativ: Diskussion sozialistischer Alternativen, Heft 205, S. 1063-1065
ISSN: 0863-4890
In: Armed forces journal: AFJ, S. 21-27
ISSN: 0004-220X, 0196-3597
In: Index on censorship, Band 29, Heft 2, S. 164-170
ISSN: 1746-6067
The sense that one has been censored can become an obsession; and calling someone a censor opens divisions that never mend
In: Sozialismus, Band 24, Heft 11, S. 37-39
ISSN: 0721-1171
In: Social philosophy & policy, Band 2, Heft 1, S. 84-100
ISSN: 1471-6437
Philosophers have articulated six notions of human freedom. Four are metaphysical. According to one, a man acts freely when he is doing what he wants to; according to the second, he acts freely when he is not being compelled by outside forces; according to the third, he acts freely when the prior state of the universe was not a sufficient cause of what he is doing; according to the fourth, he acts freely when he, not any preceding event, is the cause of what he is doing. The third and fourth theories may be called "indeterministic freedom" and "the agency theory," named only to be rejected. I reject indeterminism out of agreement with a long tradition which holds that (a) there is no reason to think that human actions are ever undetermined, and (b) an undetermined human action would not be "free" in any sense in which we desire our actions to be free and believe that they are in fact free. To appreciate (b), reflect that agents should control and be accountable for "free" actions. Now, we control an event by assembling or obstructing its sufficient conditions; merefore, an event without sufficient conditions, a random event which just happens, would lie beyond human control and, hence, the sphere of human freedom. Similarly, a man is no more responsible for what happens independently of his choices – and an event without sufficient conditions cannot have a choice as a sufficient condition – than he is responsible for the behavior of a roulette wheel.
SSRN
In: Armed forces journal: AFJ, Band 143, Heft 10/5934, S. 21-25
ISSN: 0004-220X, 0196-3597
World Affairs Online
In: Europäische Ideen, Heft 121, S. 16-24
ISSN: 0344-2888
In: Index on censorship, Band 24, Heft 5, S. 58-66
ISSN: 1746-6067
The idea that international aid can deliver progress and prosperity has suffered severe setbacks in Africa
In: Journal of social philosophy, Band 24, Heft 1, S. 103-113
ISSN: 1467-9833
In: Fear of Enemies and Collective Action, S. 1-21
In: The journal of conflict resolution: journal of the Peace Science Society (International), Band 5, Heft 1, S. 75-81
ISSN: 1552-8766