Suchergebnisse

"Using aggregate analysis, this paper examines the core contentions of the 'varieties of capitalism' perspective on comparative capitalism. We construct a coordination index to assess whether the institutional features of liberal and coordinated market economies conform to the predictions of the theory. We test the contention that institutional complementarities occur across sub-spheres of the macroeconomy by examining the correspondence of institutions across sub-spheres and estimating the impact of complementarities in labor relations and corporate governance on rates of growth. To assess the stability of the institutional features central to the theory, we assess the dynamics of institutional change in recent years. The evidence suggests that there are powerful interaction effects among institutions across sub-spheres of the political economy that must be considered if the economic impact of institutional change in any one sphere is to be accurately assessed." (author's abstract)

U ovome pristupu medijska kultura i medijski sadržaji posmatraju se diskurzivno. Medijska praksa posmatra se kao javno komuniciranje, a medijski diskurs kao njezin ishod. Jednako, novinarstvo se posmatra kao jedan od vodećih oblika medijske prakse, odnosno javnoga komuniciranja, a novinarski diskurs kao jedan od njezinih glavnih ishoda. Zato se u radu polazi od vijesti kao arhetipskoga oblika javnoga i medijskog diskursa te se nudi svojevrsni konstitutivni model, odnosno paradigma novinarstva. Tu paradigmu čine principi istinitosti i odgovornosti, kao i atributi triju grupa metateorijskih pitanja – odnosa prema stvarnosti, vjesnovrijednosti i jezika, odnosno komunikativnoga koda. Konstitutivni se model kasnije koristi za teorijsku dekonstrukciju triju najčešćih paradigmi medijskoga diskursa, kako novinarskoga, tako i onih u tržišnome komuniciranju, odnosno u oglašavanju i odnosima s javnošću, javne, političke i komercijalne. Atributi konstitutivne paradigme u istraživanjima mogu se operacionalizirati kao pokazatelji određene paradigme ili paradigme medijskoga diskursa, odnosno njihove hibridizacije. ; In this approach, media culture and media content are viewed discursively. Media practice is regarded as public communication and media discourse as its outcome. Likewise, journalism is considered as one of the main methods of media practice, or public communication, and journalistic discourse as one of its main outcomes. For this reason, the study starts with news as an archetype of public and media discourse and proposes a specific constitutive model or paradigm of journalism. The paradigm is comprised of the principles of truthfulness and responsibility, as well as the attributes of three groups of metatheoretical questions – the attitude to social reality, newsworthiness, and language or a communicational code. The constitutive model is further used for the deconstruction of three most common paradigms of media discourse, both in journalism and in market communication, i.e., in advertising and public relations: public, political and commercial. The attributes of the constitutive paradigm can be operationalized in research as indicators of certain paradigms or paradigms of media discourse, or of their hybridization.

This paper develops a theoretical analysis of training regimes as outcomes of a complementarity between organizational and institutional factors that determine firms' and workers' incentives as regards skills. Specifically, the paper proposes that, on the one hand, knowledge embeddedness within firms is the determinant of firms' preferences concerning training, while, on the other, labor market institutionalization provides the framework for workers' preferences. Applying a criterion of coherence between firm and worker incentives, two stable configurations are singled out. The former is shown to correspond to the Japanese model of training, while the latter conforms more to the German experience. ; In dieser Studie wird eine theoretische Analyse der institutionellen Regelungen zur beruflichen Bildung vorgestellt. Sie werden als Ergebnis einer gegebenen Komplementarität organisatorischer und institutioneller Faktoren verstanden, die für Unternehmen und Arbeitnehmer als Anreize für Aktivitäten wirken, die sich auf berufliche Fähigkeiten beziehen. Die Analyse legt nahe, daß für Unternehmen die Anpassung der Wissensbestände an ihre spezifischen Anforderungen besonders wichtig ist, während es für die Arbeitnehmer die institutionellen Regelungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt sind. Wird ein Parameter eingeführt, der das Maß der (Nicht-)Übereinstim-mung zwischen den Anreizen für die Unternehmen und für die Arbeitnehmer abbildet, dann lassen sich zwei stabile Konstellationen herausfinden. Eine entspricht mehr dem japanischen Modell der beruflichen Ausbildung, das andere mehr den deutschen Erfahrungen.

This paper was presented at the 2009 IPSA World Congress of Political Science. ; In a comparative institutional or 'variety of capitalism' perspective, the distinctive traits of labour markets in Latin America differ in most respects from labour markets in developed countries. Moreover, there are strong economic complementarities among five core features of labour markets in Latin America: low skill levels, high labour regulation, short job tenure, a large informal sector, and small, politicized unions that lack plant level representation. While numerous and strong, economic complementarities among these five components do not tell the whole story, and we analyse additional political complementarities. This integrated perspective on the economic and political interactions helps explain continuities in labour markets in Latin America and their disappointing response in recent decades to market reform and globalization.

This study uses data from the National Basketball Association to explore organizational mechanisms that affect the division of firm surplus in human-capital-intensive activity. It builds on the idea that reciprocal interdependence among team members creates the potential for complementarity. Complementarity, in turn, translates into higher firm surplus. The division of this surplus is subject to bargaining between the firm owner and labor. We argue that when complementarity increases, the firm owner's share of surplus will grow if interdependence among team members is symmetric. Furthermore, we identify three levers that make complementarity amenable to managerial design: the nature of interaction among team members, the relative dominance of team members, and the composition of a team. We find that greater interaction among team members and higher recruitment of team-oriented individuals are associated with increased complementarity, whereas dominant team members are associated with reduced complementarity. The study contributes to the literature on organization design by extending its implications to the division of surplus in human-capital-intensive activity.

"This paper develops a theoretical analysis of training regimes as outcomes of a complementarity between organizational and institutional factors that determine firms' and workers' incentives as regards skills. Specifically, the paper proposes that, on the one hand, knowledge embeddedness within firms is the determinant of firms' preferences concerning training, while, on the other, labor market institutionalization provides the framework for workers' preferences. Applying a criterion of coherence between firm and worker incentives, two stable configurations are singled out. The former is shown to correspond to the Japanese model of training, while the latter conforms more to the German experience." (author's abstract)