Suchergebnisse

Motivation: The study presents the current conditions for receiving the agricultural pension from the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS) and the rules for calculating it. They are organised in such a way that the longer the insurance period of the insured person, the lower the so-called supplementary part of their pension than in the case of the insured person with the shorter insurance period. In addition, since 2011, persons insured in KRUS and having farms with an area of more than 50 ha of utilised agricultural area have been obliged to pay higher amounts for their pension insurance which do not have any impact on the level of benefits received. Farmers who also run business activities are treated by the insurance legislation in a similar manner. Hence, there is a need to make changes to the legal and economic regulations in KRUS, which would reflect the new conditions of management in Poland after 1989 and the solutions existing in the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS). Aim: The objective of the study is to identify the regulations related to agricultural pension insurance which are inadequate in relation to the existing conditions of management in our country and to the solutions existing in ZUS. In addition, the objective of the paper is to propose changes to the insurance regulations of KRUS concerning the rules for calculating pensions and the definition of special branches of agricultural production. Also, the effects of these changes from the viewpoint of the insured person have been presented. Results: The result of the study is a proposal for changes to the rules for calculating pensions for farmers insured in KRUS. The paper proposes to split the pension from KRUS into three parts: the contribution part, supplementary part and capital part. The proposals presented differentiate the pension amount depending on the insurance period and additionally paid contributions. The paper proposes to extend the special branches of agricultural production and to adopt income they generate at the level of 50% of the average salary in the national economy or at the level of the minimum wage as a criterion for access to insurance in KRUS.

Motivation: The study presents the current conditions for receiving the agricultural pension from the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS) and the rules for calculating it. They are organised in such a way that the longer the insurance period of the insured person, the lower the so-called supplementary part of their pension than in the case of the insured person with the shorter insurance period. In addition, since 2011, persons insured in KRUS and having farms with an area of more than 50 ha of utilised agricultural area have been obliged to pay higher amounts for their pension insurance which do not have any impact on the level of benefits received. Farmers who also run business activities are treated by the insurance legislation in a similar manner. Hence, there is a need to make changes to the legal and economic regulations in KRUS, which would reflect the new conditions of management in Poland after 1989 and the solutions existing in the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS). Aim: The objective of the study is to identify the regulations related to agricultural pension insurance which are inadequate in relation to the existing conditions of management in our country and to the solutions existing in ZUS. In addition, the objective of the paper is to propose changes to the insurance regulations of KRUS concerning the rules for calculating pensions and the definition of special branches of agricultural production. Also, the effects of these changes from the viewpoint of the insured person have been presented. Results: The result of the study is a proposal for changes to the rules for calculating pensions for farmers insured in KRUS. The paper proposes to split the pension from KRUS into three parts: the contribution part, supplementary part and capital part. The proposals presented differentiate the pension amount depending on the insurance period and additionally paid contributions. The paper proposes to extend the special branches of agricultural production and to adopt income they generate at the level of 50% of the average salary in the national economy or at the level of the minimum wage as a criterion for access to insurance in KRUS.

Pension Insurance Funds are the largest external occupational pension plan in Germany. Occupational pension schemes are expected to play a more relevant role in the future as a substitute for the statutory pension system. Christian Hertrich analyses in this context the suitability of Social Responsible Investments (SRI) as well as Alternative Investments for the strategic asset allocation of Pension Insurance Funds within the prevailing regulation as well as supervisory framework in Germany. The author completes his empirical analysis by simulating alternative investment models that do not adhere to existing regulation. Using advanced econometric models and simulation techniques, the author is able to replicate different asset allocation strategies that in combination with the calculation of adequate risk-return parameters offer valuable conclusions for researchers and practitioners. Contents · Pension Insurance Funds · SRI · Alternative Investments · Econometrics · Asset Allocation Models Target Groups · Researchers and students in the field of Portfolio Management, Financial Econometrics, SRI, Alternative Investments, Occupational Pension Systems · Practitioners involved in the asset allocation of pension funds About the Author Dr. Christian Hertrich obtained his doctorate degree at the Department of Corporate Finance of the University of Stuttgart (Germany).

The League of Women Voters of Texas is a non-partisan organization that works to promote political responsibility through active informed participation of all citizens in their government. In 1919, the Texas Equal Suffrage Association evolved into the Texas League of Women Voters, and today is recognized as the League of Women Voters of Texas. Their hallmark activity is the circulation of Voters' Guides through newspapers prior to elections; locally, regionally, statewide, and nationally. The League's intent is dissemination of information on political candidates, and the objective promotion of "political responsibility through informed and active participation of citizens in government." The organization's efforts, however, are by no means limited to politics, but also address issues on water, health care, hazardous wastes, education, energy, and such international concerns as the United Nations. ; The records of the League of Women Voters of Texas also reflect socio-economic changes in the United States with the active organizational membership drives of the mid to late 1970s in response to American society's evolution into a two income family. Collectively, the materials provide researchers with invaluable insight into politics and political concerns on an international, national, statewide, and local basis. ; The collection consists of materials from national, state, and local files, financial materials, photographs, and publications of the National, Texas, and local leagues, as well as other state leagues. Also included are a study of the national league, scrapbooks, memorabilia, vice-presidential program files, and printed materials. The focus of the collection is on state committees and local units. ; Highlights from the donation include the original 1919 minutes from the Texas Equal Suffrage Association authorizing the organizational conversion to the Texas League of Women Voters, films produced by the group on legislative processes, the 104th Congressional recognition given and signed by Texas Senator ...

This article examines reasons for the low efficiency of investment activity by pension asset managers, and pension investment rules are formulated. These rules are based on the Asset Allocation strategy, taking into account the long-term pension investments and the life-cycle investment strategy. All pension portfolios of Russiаn managers have weak diversification by asset classes, a high share of fixed income financial instruments, and a mismatch of the portfolio structure with the risk profile of the beneficiary. The pension industry has high costs. We evaluated the real efficiency of investment activity by pension asset managers according to the classical theory of investments, and compared it with the risk-return benchmarks of the Russian financial market. The real cumulative return by pension asset managers is negative for the period 2008–2018. At the same time, the Russian financial market provided opportunities for real growth of pension savings. Bank deposits allowed to defend capital from depreciation. Modeling of index pension portfolios (conservative, balanced, and aggressive) in the Russian financial market, according to pension investment rules, showed a positive impact on investment management efficiency of regular rebalancing of the portfolio containing stocks. The management of index pension portfolios by the proposed rules protect pension savings against inflation. Pension asset managers improve the investment policy efficiency following the pension investment rules.