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While Somali tradition explicitly supports discursive decision-making, it consistently excludes women from decision-making processes. In making impressive strides towards establishing a durable representative democracy, Somaliland women have become increasingly vocal and active in calling for democratic institutions to be extended meaningfully to women. Women's groups have succeeded in winning unprecedented inclusion, but not without obstacles. In response to these challenges, a number of women activists decided to form an 'umbrella' organization—the Nagaad network—dedicated to pooling the resources of the many small and fragmented groups pressing for greater women's participation, and committed to collective advocacy and capacity building among member organizations. For many years Nagaad has been agitating for the introduction of a quota for women and ethnic minority groups in parliament. In what would be one of the single most significant steps in their battle for improved political participation for women, that quota is again on the agenda. The Somaliland President now has a female advisor on women's affairs, and is has been actively reviewing a policy paper suggesting a 20 per cent quota for women in both the upper and lower houses of parliament. An attempt to introduce such a quota for local elections in 2012 failed at the final hurdle, but there is, again, hope for success; this time in the lower house of parliament. The approach used by Nagaad builds strongly on Somali discursive custom, with members holding meetings and conferences, and talking actively to individuals both within the political establishment and beyond. Traditionally, women have played an often vital role in peace building and reconciliation, shuttling between the clan of father and husband relaying messages that could not be safely carried by males. However, to date women have not been offered a formal say in political decision-making. This case study seeks to understand the approach used by Nagaad, and outlines the socio-cultural, legal and political contexts necessary to understanding the significance of the network's work in Somaliland.

Analyses European Muslim communities' developing involvement in their political environment and related Muslim and public debates Muslims are increasingly making themselves noticed in the political process of Europe. But what is happening behind the often sensational headlines? This book looks at the processes and realities of Muslim participation in local and national politics: voting patterns in local and national assemblies and the tensions between ethnic, political and religious identities. These developments drive internal Muslim debates including attitudes to the democratic processes and whether Muslims should take part at all, as well as rivalries over who should represent and speak for Muslims. They also inspire sharp European discussion about Muslim political participation - does it signal integration or separation? - and how the European states should view this increasingly active role of Muslims in the public space. Key Features:. *Includes 16 chapters presenting up-to-date research on European Muslim political participation *Analyses and compares local and national situations in western and central Europe *Focuses on issues such as Muslim women and youth *Covers Belgium, Catalonia, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom Keywords:. Muslims, Islam, politics, Europe, ideologies, political parties

Übungsteildatensatz zum Workbook "Political Participation".

Themen: Selbsteinschätzung der Klassenzugehörigkeit; soziale Herkunft;
Grad der Parteiidentifikation; perzipierte Einflussmöglichkeit auf die
Regierung; politisches Interesse; politisches Interesse des Vaters;
Teilnahme an Wahlveranstaltungen; Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten Wahl;
Mediennutzung zur politischen Meinungsbildung; Beurteilung der eigenen
wirtschaftlichen Situation; wichtigste politische Themen; politische
Einstellung; eigene Parteimitgliedschaft; Parteimitgliedschaft der
Eltern während der eigenen Kindheit.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Konfession;
Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Schulbildung; Beruf; berufliche Position;
Berufstätigkeit; Charakteristika des Haushaltsvorstands;
Urbanisierungsgrad; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Ortsansässigkeit;
regionale Herkunft; Beruf und berufliche Position des Vaters während der
eigenen Kindheit.

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION PROVIDES A FERTILE FIELD FOR RESEARCH. MUCH PREVIOUS WORK HAS CENTERED ON PARTICIPATION IN THE ARENAS OF ELECTORAL POLITICS AND HAS REGARDED PARTICIPATION AS VARYING ALONG A SINGLE DIMENSION OF COSTLINESS OR DIFFICULTY. NOW PARTICIPATION IS UNDERSTOOD TO INVOLVE SEVERAL QUITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTIVITY AND OF ACTIVISTS, AND ALSO TO VARY ACCORDING TO THE INSTITUTIONAL SETTING.

Highly educated citizens vote at much lower rates than less educated citizens in some countries. By contrast, electoral participation exhibits no such bias in other countries as diverse as Spain, Denmark, and South Korea. This book describes the levels of unequal participation in thirty-six countries worldwide, examines possible causes of this phenomenon, and discusses its consequences. Aina Gallego illustrates how electoral procedures, party and media systems, unionization, and income inequality impact unequal participation through an original combination of cross-national survey data and survey experiments

The author asks why women's participation in US politics is limited, even though it has increased dramatically in recent years. She focuses on three explanations: sociological/cultural factors, the sexes' differential acquisition of skills needed for a political career, & woman's role as gatekeeper. 29 References. A. Funderburg

Übungsteildatensatz zum Workbook "Political Participation".

Themen: Selbsteinschätzung der Klassenzugehörigkeit; Grad der
Parteiidentifikation; perzipierte Einflussmöglichkeit auf die Regierung;
politisches Interesse; Interesse am Wahlausgang; politisches Interesse
des Vaters; Teilnahme an Wahlveranstaltungen; Wahlbeteiligung bei der
letzten Wahl; regionale Herkunft; wahrgenommene Unterschiede zwischen
den Parteien; Mediennutzung zur politischen Meinungsbildung; Beurteilung
der eigenen wirtschaftlichen Situation; wichtigste politische Themen;
Parteimitgliedschaft.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Konfession;
Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Schulbildung; Wohnortgröße; soziale Herkunft;
eigene berufliche Position, die des Partners und die des Vaters,
Charakteristika des Haushaltsvorstands; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft;
Mitgliedschaften; Aufgewachsen und geboren im Wohnort; Hilfe im Haushalt
und für wen diese Hilfe bestimmt ist.

Arguing for a recovery of a radical democratic tradition that emphasizes the role of individual participation in the development and control of social and political institutions.