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THE AUTHORS STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL PARTY POLITICS AND THE FORMATION OF TERRORIST GROUPS. USING SEVERAL COLLECTIONS OF AGGREGATE DATA, THEY EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN PARTY POLITICS FROM THE 1960'S TO THE 1970'S ON THE APPEARANCES OF TERRORIST GROUPS IN MANY NATIONS. CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF PARTIES IN THE SYSTEM AS WELL AS FLUCTUATIONS IN THEIR ELECTORAL PERFORMANCES AND IN THEIR PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION FROM ONE DECADE TO THE OTHER ARE LINKED TO THE NUMBER OF TERRORIST GROUPS ACTIVE IN DIFFERENT NATIONS. A PRINCIPAL FINDING IS THAT NATIONS WITH MANY LEFTIST PARTIES ALSO TEND TO HAVE MANY TERRORIST GROUPS, REGARDLESS OF THE LATTER'S IDEOLOGY OR POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE.

To find out, we measure co-voting similarity networks in the US Senate and trace individual careers over time. Standard network visualization tools fail on dense highly clustered networks, so we used two aggregation strategies to clarify positional mobility over time. First, clusters of Senators who often vote the same way capture coalitions, and allow us to measure polarization quantitatively through modularity (Newman, 2006; Waugh et al., 2009; Poole, 2012). Second, we use role-based blockmodels (White et al., 1976) to identify role positions, identifying sets of Senators with highly similar tie patterns. Our partitioning threshold for roles is stringent, generating many roles occupied by single Senators. This combination allows us to identify movement between positions over time (specifically, we used the Kernighan–Lin improvement of a Louvain method greedy partitioning algorithm for modularity [Blondel et al., 2008], and CONCOR with an internal similarity threshold for roles; see Supplementary materials for details).

The Democratic Party dispute raises the view that there is dualism within the Democratic Party. The issue of the Democratic Party Leadership Takeover Movement (GPKPD) led to the dismissal of several of its cadres. The dispute escalated with the holding of the Extraordinary Congress (KLB) in Deli Serdang on March 5, 2021. One of the things which triggered the holding of the KLB by the opposition was the management of Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY). Apart from being seen as not agreeing with Article 83 paragraph (2) letter b in the 2020 Democratic Party's Articles of Association and Bylaws, the validity of the AHY management along with the preparation of the Articles of Association and Bylaws in 2020 was also questioned by several cadres. In addition, the political dynasty by the Cikeas family was also highlighted. This Democrat Party dispute becomes more interesting to study because the AHY opposition's KLB involves an external party who is a state official. This article is socio-legal study that was carried out textually and critically to laws and regulations and policies. The undemocratic management and election of the general chairman in providing opportunities for other cadres to compete in a transparent and fair manner created internal turmoil that led to the dismissal of several cadres. There are anomalies within the Democratic Party with the increasingly clear Democratic Party as a dynastic party, undemocratic KLB arrangements, to the implementation of KLB which is a structural conflict of the Democratic Party with non-structural collectives.

Abstract:A political party is an entry point to affirm the Democratical State. In order to realize the function, political party needs operational fund so that the state-issued Government Regulation Number 1 of 2018 concerning Financial Aid to Political Party which raised financial assistance to political party from 108 rupiahs per valid vote to 1,000 rupiahs per valid vote. However, it became polemic because of increasing political party aid fund without supervision of the management and reporting of aid fund. As a result of the absence of supervision, there is corruption in political party because the supervision of management, reporting of political party fund and sanction have not been done optimally so that political party is not able to accommodate and realize the principles of Good and Clean Governance as mentioned in Law Number 2 Year 2011 concerning Political Party. The purpose of this research is to answer the polemic of increasing political party budget related to the system of monitoring political party fund comprehensively. The method used is juridical-normative with legislation and conceptual approach.Keywords: Political Party, Fund System, DemocracyAbstrak:Partai politik merupakan entry point dalam menegaskan kehidupan Negara Demokrasi. Dalam rangka mewujudkan fungsi tersebut partai politik membutuhkan dana operasional sehingga negara mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 1 Tahun 2018 tentang Bantuan Keuangan Kepada Partai Politik yang menaikan bantuan dana partai politik dari Rp.108 per suara sah menjadi Rp.1000 per suara sah. Namun menjadi polemik adalah kenaikan jumlah dana bantuan partai politik tersebut tanpa diimbangi dengan pengawasan terhadap pengelolaan dan pelaporan dana tersebut. Akibat tidak adanya pengawasan tersebut rawan terjadinya praktik korupsi dalam partai politik karena selama ini pengawasan pengelolaan, pelaporan dana partai politik dan sanksi belum dilakukan secara maksimal sehingga belum mengakomodir dan mewujudkan prinsip-prinsip Good and Clean Governance sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2011 tentang Partai Politik. Tujuan penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab polemik kenaikan anggaran partai politik secara komprehensif terkait sistem pengawasan dana partai politik. Metode penelitian adalah yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan konseptual (conceptual approach). Kata Kunci: Dana Partai Politik, Demokrasi, dan Good Clean GovernanceАннотация :Политические партии являются отправной точкой в утверждении жизни демократического государства. Чтобы реализовать эту функцию, политическим партиям нужен оперативный фонд. В связи с этим, государство издало Постановление правительства № 1 от 2018 года о финансовой помощи политическим партиям по увеличению фонда политических партий со 108 рупий до 1000 рупий за один действительный голос. Однако, проблемой стало то, что увеличение количества финансовой помощи политическим партиям не было сбалансировано с наблюдением за управлением и отчётностью этих фондов. В результате отсутствия такого наблюдения имеются тенденции к коррупционной деятельности в политических партиях, потому что всё это время наблюдение за управлением, отчётность о фондах политических партий и санкции осуществляются неоптимально. Все вышеперечисленные причины ещё не соответствуют и не реализуют принципы честного и надлежащего управления (Good and Clean Governance), урегулированные в Законе № 2 от 2011 года о Политических партиях. Целью данного исследования является решение вопроса увеличения бюджета политических партий в полном объёме, который связан с системами наблюдения за фондами политических партий. Метод данного исследования - юридическо-нормативный подход, законодательный подход и концептуальный подход.Ключевые Слова: Фонд политических партий, демократия, честное и надлежащее управление

Digital media is one of the most popular media communication in recent years. A number of communities and organizations commonly use digital media as vessels to communicate, to inform and disseminate information. The proliferation of digital media has also been eclipsed by a number of political parties to deliver political messages to the public. The high profit derived from the use of digital media gave the political party a new innovation. The Indonesian solidarity party (psi), as a new political party in Indonesia, tries to use digital media as its political means of communication. The research will focus on psi's political communication strategy asa new political party to market its products and parties in digital media. The approach used was qualitative by case study methods with in-depth interviews and for the selection of informants used a intergalactic sampling technique. The principal informers of the study are the leaders, stewards, and caddis of the psi and are supported by supporting experts in political communication, public and political rival psi. The study will further expose digital political communication strategies done by the psi to marketing products, parties, approaches to voters, parliament, internal and media. The results of this study suggest that digital media is particularly influential in the strategies used. Keywords: Communication strategy, digital media, Indonesian Solidarity Party ; Media digital merupakan salah satu media komunikasi yang tengah diminati belakangan ini. Sejumlah masyarakat dan organisasi marak menggunakan media digital sebagai wadah untuk berkomunikasi, mendapatkan informasi dan menyebarkan informasi. Maraknya penggunaan media digital juga dilirik oleh sejumlah partai politik untuk menyampaikan pesan politiknya kepada masyarakat. Banyaknya keuntungan yang didapat dengan penggunaan media digital memberikan sebuah inovasi baru bagi partai politik. Hal tersebut yang dilakukan Partai Solidaritas Indonesia (PSI), sebagai partai politik baru di Indonesia yang mencoba menggunakan media digital sebagai sarana komunikasi politiknya. Penelitian ini akan berfokus kepada strategi komunikasi politik yang dilakukan PSI sebagai partai politik baru guna memasarkan produk dan partainya dalam media digital. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus dengan wawancara mendalam dan untuk pemilihan informan digunakan teknik purposive sampling. Informan utama dari penelitian ini adalah pimpinan, pengurus, serta kader partai PSI serta didukung oleh informan pendukung pakar komunikasi politik, khalayak PSI dan juga lawan politik PSI. Pokok penelitian ini akan memaparkan strategi komunikasi politik digital yang dilakukan oleh PSI meliputi strategi pemasaran produk, partai, pendekatan kepada pemilih, parlemen, internal dan juga media. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa media digital sangat berpengaruh dalam strategi yang digunakan PSI dalam melakukan komunikasi politiknya Kata kunci: Strategi komunikasi, media digital, Partai Solidaritas Indonesia

The political changes that have occurred in the South over the past several decades have affected the political party organizations in the region. A region once marked by a weak & highly factionalized Democratic Party organization & an almost nonexistent Republican Party organization now has two significant party organizations operating in each state. Examining the development of party organizations in the region should tell us much about both political party organizations & southern politics. This study, the Southern Grassroots Party Activists 2001 Project, focuses on political party activists active at the county level. Over 7,000 activists in the 11 southern states were surveyed in 2001. This study is linked to the 1991 Southern Grassroots Party Activists Project, which surveyed a similar group of activists, using a similar questionnaire. The following articles both analyze the 2001 data patterns & compare the 2001 results to the 1991 patterns. 1 Appendix, 23 References. Adapted from the source document.

Party Rules: Dilemmas of Political Party Regulation in Australia. Edited by Anika Gauja and Marian Sawer (Canberra: ANU Press, 2017), pp. vii + 215. Nine Figures, 18 Tables. AU$34.99 (pb).