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Cover; Contents; Preface; ONE: What Is an Executive, and Why Do We Need One?; TWO: The Constitutional Foundations of Presidential Power; THREE: A Brief History of the Presidency; FOUR: Presidential Elections; FIVE: The Executive Branch; SIX: The President, the Congress, and Domestic Policy; SEVEN: Presidential Policy Tools; EIGHT: The Executive and the Courts; NINE: Foreign Policy and National Security; TEN: Understanding the Presidency as an Institution: Advice for Citizens and Voters; Appendix: Gallery of Presidents; Notes; For Further Reading; Illustration Credits; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F.

The International Committee of the Red Cross has constituted its Presidential Council for 1964 as follows : President : Mr. Léopold Boissier; Vice-Presidents: Mr. Martin Bodmer and Mr. Hans Bachmann ; Members : Mr. Jacques Freymond, Mr. Ernest Gloor, Mr. Samuel Gonard and Mr. Frédéric Siordet.

The International Committee of the Red Cross has constituted its Presidential Council for 1963 as follows : President: Mr. Léopold Boissier ; Vice-Presidents : Mr. Frédéric Siordet and Mr. Martin Bodmer ; members: Mr. Hans Bachmann, Mr. Jacques Freymond, Mr. Ernest Gloor and Mr. Samuel Gonard.

The International Committee of the Red Cross has formed its Presidential Council for 1962, consisting of the following : President: Mr. Léopold Boissier ; Vice-Presidents: Dr. Ernest Gloor and Mr. Frédéric Siordet ; Members : Messrs. Jacques Cheneviere, Martin Bodmer, Jacques Freymond and Samuel Gonard.

The International Committee of the Red Cross has elected Mr. Max Petitpierre and Mr. Victor Umbricht to be members of the Presidential Council for 1971 and 1972 as from 1 July 1971; they will sit with the President and the two Vice-Presidents mentioned above, who are ex-officio members of the Council.

Noted political scientist Benjamin Ginsberg has written an essential text for courses on the United States presidency. An invaluable resource, Ginsberg's comprehensive analysis emphasizes the historical, constitutional, and legal dimensions of presidential power. He explores the history and essential aspects of the office, the president's relationship to the rest of the executive branch and to a subordinated Congress, and the evolution of the American president from policy executor to policy maker. Compelling photo essays delve into topics of special interest, including First Spouses, Presidential Eligibility, and Congressional Investigations of the White House.

Framed in Article II of the Constitution, presidential powers are dictated today by judicial as well as historical precedent. To understand the ways the president wields power as well as how this power is kept in check by other branches of government, Harold J. Krent presents three overlapping determinants of the president's role under the Constitution-the need for presidential initiative in administering the law and providing foreign policy leadership, the importance of maintaining congressional control over policymaking, and the imperative to ensure that the president be accountable to the public.Krent's examination is sweeping, ranging from the president's ability to appoint and remove executive branch officials, to the president's role in proposing and implementing treaties and the power to conduct war, to the extent the president can refuse to turn over information in response to congressional and judicial requests. Finally, Krent addresses the history and purposes of presidential pardons.By drawing on historic and contemporary presidential actions to illustrate his points, Krent reminds us that the president is both an exalted leader with the regalia of power and an American who is and should be accountable to fellow citizens-important considerations as we elect and assess our presidents

This review critically evaluates the largely consensual view that wars naturally and reflexively augment presidential power. After summarizing in the key arguments advanced by presidency scholars in the aftermath of World War II, this article canvasses the existing empirical basis for their claims and the theoretical microfoundations upon which they are offered. Both appear wanting. Few systematic studies yield unambiguous evidence that the adjoining branches of government reliably support elements of the president's domestic or foreign policy agendas during war that they otherwise would oppose. And no one, to date, has offered a clear theory explaining why either Congress or the courts would behave in this way. The article therefore calls for continued empirical research on the causal effects of war on presidential power, and for renewed investments in theories that might account for the way, in which war figures into congressional and judicial voting. Adapted from the source document.

Intro -- PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS: OVERVIEW AND THE 110TH CONGRESS -- PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS: OVERVIEW AND THE 110TH CONGRESS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS TO FULL-TIME POSITIONS IN EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS DURING THE 110TH CONGRESS, 2007-2008* -- Summary -- Introduction -- The Appointment Process for Advice and Consent Positions -- Selection, Clearance, and Nomination -- Senate Consideration -- Appointment -- Recess Appointments -- Temporary Appointments -- Appointments During the 110th Congress -- Length of Time to Confirm a Nomination -- Organization of This Chapter -- Executive Department Profiles -- Additional Appointment Information -- Department of Agriculture (USDA) -- Department of Commerce (DOC) -- Department of Defense (DOD) -- Department of Education (ED) -- Department of Energy (DOE) -- Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) -- Department of Homeland Security (DHS) -- Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) -- Department of the Interior (DOI) -- Department of Justice (DOJ) -- Department of Labor (DOL) -- Department of State (DOS) -- Department of Transportation (DOT) -- Department of the Treasury (TREAS) -- Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) -- Appendix A. Presidential Nominations, 110th Congress. -- Appendix B. Nomination Action, 110th Congress. -- Appendix C. Senate Intersession Recesses and Intrasession Recesses of Four or More Days, 110th Congress. -- Appendix D. Abbreviations of Departments -- Appendix E. Change in Methodology from Previous Tracking Reports -- Acknowledgments -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS TO FULL-TIME POSITIONS ON REGULATORY AND OTHER COLLEGIAL BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS, 110TH CONGRESS* -- Summary -- Introduction -- The Appointment Process for PAS Positions -- Selection, Clearance, and Nomination -- Senate Consideration -- Appointment