Suchergebnisse

A commercial insurance contract is deemed invalid by many Muslim scholars due to the fact that it is a mu`awada (financial exchange) contract, which is overwhelmed by prohibited elements such as gharar (uncertainty), riba (interest), and maysir (gambling). As an alternative, a Shari`acompliant insurance scheme (also known as takaful) that supposedly run on the principles of mutual co-operation was proposed by the scholars and subsequently institutionalized in the late 1970s. Nevertheless, after more than 30 years, it appears that the majority of takaful operators currently exist worldwide were established as joint-stock or public limited companies (PLCs). As a result, it could be argued that the original concept of takaful was later overshadowed by the element of profit-making as observed in commercial insurance entities. This paper therefore sets out to examine those issues, which directly relate to this form of commercialisation. It argues that since the establishment of insurance companies based on commercial framework is impermissible, it could possibly affect the validity of present takaful arrangement. This study is mainly qualitative and relies greatly upon the documentation method. It is also based on afieldwork method, since the business models adopted by several takaful operators in Malaysia are carefully examined. In general, it is found that the characteristics of a commercial takaful entity may not necessarily be similar to that of its conventional counterpart.

Konvansiyonel sigortacılığın İslami finanstaki alternatifi olan tekafül, son yıllarda dünyada hızla gelişme göstermektedir. Tekafül sektörü her ne kadar Türkiye'de yavaş yavaş gelişse de dünya ortalamasının gerisinde kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle Türkiye'nin kendi durumunu incelemesi ve dünyanın en gelişmiş tekafül ekosistemine sahip Malezya'nın değerli tecrübelerinden ders çıkarması gerekmektedir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de tekafül sisteminin gelişimini etkileyen faktörleri incelemek ve ileride daha sağlıklı bir tekafül ekosistemi için faydalı ve uygulanabilir öneriler geliştirmektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için çalışmada karma araştırma yöntemin keşfedici sıralı deseni kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle Malezya'daki tekafül sektörünün gelişimi ile ilgili tecrübelerini aktarmak ve Türkiye için değerli tavsiyelerde bulunmaları için tekafül konusunda oldukça tecrübeli uzmanlar ile mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen nitel verilerden fenomenolojik yaklaşım ile tematik kodlar oluşturulmuş ve bu temalar bağlamında bulgular değerlendirilmiştir.Tekafül ekosisteminin kapsamlı yapısı itibariyle ilk aşamada tekafül sisteminin gelişimini etkileyen genel meseleler nitel analiz yöntemi ile alınmış ve ikinci aşamaya geçilmiştir. Bu aşamada müşterilerin tekafül ürünlerini tercih etmesini etkileyen faktörleri incelemek için nicel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, potansiyel tekafül müşterilerine anket yapılmış ve tekafül ürünlerini tercih etme niyetleri planlı davranış teorisi bağlamında ele alınmıştır.Bulgular; tekafül farkındalığı, düzenleyici ve denetleyici mekanizmaların işleyiş süreçleri, beşerî sermaye, acenteler, İslami finansa özgün sorunlar, İslami finansal yatırım araçları tekafül modelleri ile zorluklar ve beklentiler bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Daha sona tekafül sektör temsilcileri, düzenleyici ve denetleyici yapılara yönelik çeşitli politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir.Sonuç itibariyle, bu çalışma Türkiye'deki tekafül piyasasının sorunlarını teşhis etmeye ve buna bazı çareler sunmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın, Türkiye tekafül ekosistemine fayda sağlaması ve Türkiye tekafül sistemi konusunda yapılacak çalışmalara yol gösterebileceği düşünülmektedir. --- As equivalent to the conventional insurance in the Islamic finance, takaful has been flourished all around the world in recent years. Although Turkey is developing takaful gradually, it is still far behind the world average. Therefore, it is necessary for Turkey to examine itself and learn from the treasured experiences of the most advance takaful ecosystem in the world – Malaysia.The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that impact on the development of the takaful industry in Turkey and to generate some useful and practical suggestions for a healthier takaful ecosystem in the future. This aim is achieved through a mixed method research and the exploratory sequential design is employed. Firstly, the qualitative research is done via the interviews of some highly experienced experts from Malaysia to inquire some experiences of the development of takaful market in Malaysia, and to attempt for valuable advice to Turkey with their expertise. The qualitative data is analysed with the thematic coding technique: the phenomenological perspective is adopted to create thematic codes from interviews, and the data has been interpreted according to the created themes. Since the takaful ecosystem is comprehensive and the general issues affecting its development have been identified by the qualitative analysis, this study progresses to the second stage: using the quantitative research to explore the factors influencing the purchase of takaful products from the customers. This quantitative research is implemented by distributing questionnaires to potential takaful customers and then analysed with the behavioural intention theory to comprehend the indicators impacting on their decisions to choose takaful products. The findings are discussed in several aspects, such as the public awareness, the regulatory and supervisory mechanism, the human capital, the takaful agencies, the Shariah issues, the takaful models, the Shariah compliant financial instruments, and the challenges and expectations. Meanwhile, recommendations are provided accordingly to market players, regulators, and supervisory bodies.In summary, this study strives to diagnose the problems of the takaful market in Turkey and offer some remedies to it. Hopefully, this study can benefit the Turkish takaful ecosystem and shed light upon the future studies on takaful for this country.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that affect one's attitude and intentions towards family takaful schemes, apart from evaluating the mediating role of perceived trust in the relationship between perceived religiosity and attitude towards family takaful. Most prior studies have considered religiosity as an individual's tendency to be religious. However, the present study employed perceived religiosity as one's perception regarding shariah compliance practices of family takaful schemes. Moreover, this study examines the direct relationship between perceived religiosity and attitude and the indirect relationship between perceived religiosity and trust.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 224 salaried individuals was selected with an age range of 24–50. Variance-based partial least squares structural equation modelling was employed for data analysis.FindingsThe results showed that knowledge and perceived usefulness (PU) had significantly positive relationships with attitude towards family takaful schemes. Perceived trust completely mediated the relationship between perceived religiosity and attitude towards family takaful. Attitude was positively related to purchase intention regarding family takaful.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study are important for Islamic financial institutions, especially for takaful companies to revamp their marketing strategies. With enhanced understanding regarding consumer behaviour, takaful companies can sell their products in a more effective manner to increase their market share.Originality/valueBehavioural aspects regarding the purchase of Islamic insurance products have yet to be profoundly explored in the literature. The indirect relationship between perceived religiosity and trust is established in this study. The study contributes to the field of consumer behaviour and marketing of Islamic financial products.

Various poverty alleviation programs are always launched by the government from year to year. But it is not able to change the state of this country to become more self-sufficient and prosperous. If explored further, the majority of people classified as poor are working as farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to alleviate poverty policy that focuses on the welfare of farmers. So that when the policy is successfully realized, the majority of the poor in Indonesia will be able to independently through the development of the agricultural sector. One of the problems faced by farmers is weak stimulus funds from financial institutions. Due to the agriculture sector is seen as high risk, the financial institutions tend to feel worried if that financing for the sector. In anticipation of losses on crop failure, it is important applied an insurance that serves to protect the farm. So that financial institutions have the courage to do the financing for the agricultural sector. Meanwhile, zakat is one of the Islamic public financial instruments with the potential to be developed. Zakat funds channeled to 8 asnaf, including for the poor. So, it is possible if the charity can be used as agricultural insurance fund for farmers who are poor. Based on the explanation, this paper is intended to offer a model of the distribution of zakat to the poor farmers through takaful. The hope when this model is applied, will invite many financial institutions in stimulating agricultural business funds. The final implications are the farmers' productivity increased and the quantity of the poor in Indonesia will be reduced.

The Covid -19 pandemic is a massive disaster, impacting various sectors of the economy including the Islamic principle insurance sector. The government through the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in dealing with these problems has issued a stimulus policy so that the Islamic principle insurance sector is still able to maintain the level of solvency and risk based capital is maintained. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the Stimulus Policy and the level of Risk Based Capital on the level of solvency of sharia-based insurance companies during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The method used is descriptive method with a simple statistical approach. The results show: 1. There is a positive influence of the Stimulus Policy on the Solvency Level of the Islamic principle insurance company sector, 2. There is a positive influence on the Level of Risk Based Capital on the Solvency Level of the Islamic Principle Insurance Company sector, 3. There is an influence of the Stimulus Policy and Level of Risk Based Capital on Simultaneous level of solvency in Islamic principle insurance companies. From the research results, it can be concluded that the Stimulus Policy and Risk Based Capital Level that has been set by the regulator is right on target.