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AbstractSelf‐improvement is a potential resource in sustaining relationships. A series of 2 studies with Hong Kong Chinese college samples sought to examine whether attribute‐specific, reflected regard from the partner determines self‐improvement efforts on those attributes and whether attachment avoidance moderates the association. These studies measured self‐improvement effort by retrospective self‐report (Study 1) and evaluation of objects pertinent to attribute‐specific self‐improvement goals (i.e., related self‐help books; Study 2). In general, the results showed that individuals improved their personal qualities when they perceived these qualities as relatively less favorably regarded by their partner. Moreover, attachment avoidance weakened such an association. The role of attachment avoidance in relationship‐driven self‐improvement seems to reflect strategic preference rather than a downplaying of relationship importance.

This article aims to understand what it is that has made and still makes millions of Muslims taking great physical and financial hardship to go on the Muslim pilgrimage. It seems that the reason why Muslims yearn to visit Mecca has to be understood by looking at what emotions, and especially spiritual emotions, are triggered through this visit or even through the imagination of visiting the holy land. This yearning cannot just be understood based on wanting to fulfill one of the five pillars of Islam. Religious or spiritual travel like the journey to the holy land of Islam needs to be understood within the context of an individual's emotional landscape, spiritual development and urge for spiritual self-improvement to become a better person and Muslim. This article used qualitative method, particularly semi-structured interviews with the informants. The results showed that pilgrimage to the Muslim holy land in Mecca can be a changing experience for the pilgrim undertaking the journey.

This article compares patterns and outcomes of administrative reform in four countries: Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. It focuses on the supply side, that is, on reform implementation. It is assumed that bureaucrats, upon whom implementation depends, have an interest in controlling the process. A distinction is made between two types of bureaucratic systems—autonomous and instrumental—according to structural features that increase the potential to block reforms. Four possible patterns of administrative reform are distinguished according to whether demand is high or low, and whether the bureaucracy can be classed as autonomous or instrumental. More broadly, it is argued that supply will be lower in autonomous bureaucratic systems. A comparative case study method is applied to test this model, and the proposition is not disconfirmed. Malaysia and Singapore, both classed as instrumental bureaucracies, demonstrate a predictable style of "continuous administrative self‐improvement." The status of the bureaucracy in Thailand and Taiwan is in transition, and the model is used to analyze changes in reform patterns over time and to suggest future trajectories.

This article compares patterns & outcomes of administrative reform in four countries: Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, & Thailand. It focuses on the supply side, that is, on reform implementation. It is assumed that bureaucrats, upon whom implementation depends, have an interest in controlling the process. A distinction is made between two types of bureaucratic systems -- autonomous & instrumental -- according to structural features that increase the potential to block reforms. Four possible patterns of administrative reform are distinguished according to whether demand is high or low, & whether the bureaucracy can be classed as autonomous or instrumental. More broadly, it is argued that supply will be lower in autonomous bureaucratic systems. A comparative case study method is applied to test this model, & the proposition is not disconfirmed. Malaysia & Singapore, both classed as instrumental bureaucracies, demonstrate a predictable style of "continuous administrative self-improvement." The status of the bureaucracy in Thailand & Taiwan is in transition, & the model is used to analyze changes in reform patterns over time & to suggest future trajectories. 5 Figures, 62 References. Adapted from the source document.

The article highlights purposes, tasks, functions and challenges associated with the implementation of self-regulation, Russian and overseas practices of operation of self-regulated organizations in the sphere of receivership and in other economic sectors, as well as initial results of the realization of a concept of improving the self-regulation mechanisms. The article describes the rationale for directions and methods of improving the self-regulation institute ; В статье рассматриваются цели, задачи, функции и проблемы реализации саморегулирования, российская и зарубежная практика деятельности саморегулируемых организаций в сфере арбитражного управления и других отраслях экономики, первые результаты реализации концепция совершенствования механизмов саморегулирования.Обоснованы направления и меры совершенствования института саморегулирования.

The article highlights purposes, tasks, functions and challenges associated with the implementation of self-regulation, Russian and overseas practices of operation of self-regulated organizations in the sphere of receivership and in other economic sectors, as well as initial results of the realization of a concept of improving the self-regulation mechanisms. The article describes the rationale for directions and methods of improving the self-regulation institute ; В статье рассматриваются цели, задачи, функции и проблемы реализации саморегулирования, российская и зарубежная практика деятельности саморегулируемых организаций в сфере арбитражного управления и других отраслях экономики, первые результаты реализации концепция совершенствования механизмов саморегулирования.Обоснованы направления и меры совершенствования института саморегулирования.

Die Alterung der (Erwerbs-)Bevölkerung und die sich abzeichnenden Fachkräfteengpässe führen zu einer Entfaltung von Aktivitäten nachhaltiger Personalpolitik in Betrieben und Verwaltungen. Diese richten sich auf den Erhalt der Employability der Beschäftigten und greifen Aspekte nachhaltiger Arbeit auf. Zu beobachten ist, dass damit nicht nur ein erweiterter betrieblicher Zugriff auf das individuelle Leistungsvermögen erfolgt, sondern umfassend auf das Verhalten von Beschäftigten gezielt wird. Das gesamte Lebensarrangement und die individualökologische Selbstbestimmung der älter werdenden Beschäftigten geraten in den Fokus der Betriebe. Im Sinne einer ideologisierten Subjektivierung lässt sich der (gezwungenermaßen) mitgetragene Übergang von der Selbstsorge zur Selbstoptimierung als Vernutzung von Lebenskraft verstehen, mit der im Kern auf die optimierte Ware Arbeitskraft gezielt wird und Entsolidarisierungsprozesse in den Betrieben initiiert werden. Fraglich bleibt, inwiefern es Beschäftigten(-vertretungen) demgegenüber gelingt, Elemente nachhaltiger Arbeit in diesem Prozess zu verankern und z. B. Verhältnisprävention zu thematisieren. ; The ageing of the working population and prospective shortages of skilled labour urge organizations to pursue a sustainable personnel policy, which aims at the preservation of employability based on principles of sustainable work. Directly addressing the behaviour of workers, this involves more comprehensive access to individual work capacities, and to the workers' private life and individual ecological self-determination. In terms of an ideological subjectivation, the (forced) shift from self-care to self-improvement can be interpreted as an exploitation of vitality, in core aiming at an optimized quality of labour power and an erosion of solidarity in organizations. In question is, if and how employees and works councils succeed in establishing elements of sustainable work, e. g. to pick prevention as a central theme.

The civilizational heritage of humanity as a whole and even of individual peoples has not yet become available to people in general: the problem lies not so much in people, but in the lack of practices and the very goal and understanding of the value of acquisition of the greatest possible wealth of the heritage of their people and other peoples (humanity) by each person. Science, art, religion, institutions of education and social assistance, etc. most often work in this direction fragmentarily, in isolation. Tourism can become an integrative practice. So far, it is still usually in the nature of one-time or periodic trips that do not have systematic goals and are not focused on the tasks of acquiring the civilizational heritage, a kind of «civilizational competence» of all people, however, this can be changed. Even now, many types of tourism offer an idea of tourism as a practice of (re) organization and improvement of human life, striving to expand their abilities and opportunities, their life world, self-improvement by familiarizing themselves with different facets of civilizational heritage. Self-improvement of a prospective specialist in the professional field can and should be combined with improvement in the spheres of personal and partner life, with familiarization with the achievements of civilization as such, in synchronous and diachronic changes (present, past, future, one's own and another's world/cultures).