Search results

One of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) signature reforms was creating centralized Health Insurance Marketplaces to offer comprehensive coverage in the form of comprehensive insurance complying with the ACA's coverage standards. Yet, even after the ACA's implementation, millions of people were covered through noncompliant plans, primarily in the form of continued enrollment in "grandmothered" and "grandfathered" plans that predated ACA's full implementation and were allowed under federal and state regulations. Newly proposed and enacted federal legislation may grow the noncompliant segment in future years, and the employment losses of 2020 may grow reliance on individual market coverage further. These factors make it important to understand how the noncompliant segment affects the compliant segment, including the Marketplaces. We show, first, that the noncompliant segment of the individual insurance market substantially outperformed the compliant segment, charging lower premiums but with vastly lower costs, suggesting that insurers have a strong incentive to enter the noncompliant segment. We show, next, that state's decisions to allow grandmothered plans is associated with stronger financial performance of the noncompliant market, but weaker performance of the compliant segment, as noncompliant plans attract lower-cost enrollees. This finding indicates important linkages between the noncompliant and compliant segments and highlights the role state policy can play in the individual insurance market. Taken together, our results point to substantial cream-skimming, with noncompliant plans enrolling the healthiest enrollees, resulting in higher average claims cost in the compliant segment.

Today technology is growing rapidly including in the banking sector, banks as service providers continue to provide services to facilitate customer transactions, one of which is in the form of an ATM machine (Automatic Teller Machine), besides that customers as consumers in banking services also have the right to get comfort and security for funds entrusted by the customer to the bank, and also the bank is obliged to provide protection and safeguard against crime by third parties with skimming mode, as stipulated in the consumer protection law. The method in this research is normative juridical research. Research data were collected through literature study and interviews with resource persons to obtain primary data and literature studies to obtain primary data. The focus of this research is to find out how the Protection of Bank Customers From the Act of Skimming Viewed from the Consumer Protection Regulation. The results of the study indicate that the form of legal protection for bank customers from acts of skimming in terms of the Consumer protection Act that is legal protection and direct protection, and if there is a skimming action that is detrimental to the customer, and it is proven that there is no element of negligence from the customer, the bank will provide compensation for the amount of money lost.

This article engages with differently qualified parents' experiences of and success in accessing public full-time early childhood education and care (ECEC) services in a Romanian urban context to illustrate the ways in which post-socialist welfare states are transformed not only from above, through formal rules, but also from below, through informal practices. Through the exploration of the narratives of both parents and managers, the article finds that parental planfulness, qualification-based differences in demand for full-time places and formal rules of access are insufficient to explain clear-cut qualification- and income-based differences in access. The article describes the crucial importance of hidden, informal cream-skimming strategies that daycare and preschool managers employ in the pre-enrolment phase and of the informal tactics of relying on 'interventions' with which unsuccessful parents respond to managers' refusals to enrol. In the context of full-time place shortages, managerial autonomy in enrolment and insufficient institutional budgets, public ECEC institutions engage in hidden processes of redistribution through selective access, favouring well-educated, high-income parents and their children.

Tropical forests represent vast carbon stocks and continue to be key carbon sinks and buffer climate changes. The international policy constructed several mechanisms aiming at conservation and sustainable use of these forests. Illegal logging is an important threat of forests, especially in the tropics. Several laws and regulations have been set up to combat illegal timber trade. Despite significant enforcement efforts of these regulations, illegal logging continues to be a serious problem and impacts for the functioning of the forest ecosystem and global biodiversity in the tropics. Microscopic analysis of wood samples and the use of conventional plant DNA barcodes often do not allow to distinguish closely-related species. The use of novel molecular technologies could make an important contribution for the identification of tree species. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools to obtain the complete de-novo chloroplast genome of 62 commercial African timber species using the genome skimming method. Then, we performed a comparative genomic analysis that revealed new candidate genetic regions for the discrimination of closely-related species. We concluded that genome skimming is a promising method for the development of plant genetic markers to combat illegal logging activities supporting CITES, FLEGT and the EU Timber Regulation. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The progress of the banking system cannot be separated from the role of information technology. In addition to facilitating the company's internal operations, technology tools also aim to facilitate service to bank customers. One side of Information Technology provides not a few benefits to improving services both public services and internal services. On the other hand Information Technology is used by people who are not responsible by committing acts that are against the law, which attacks various legal interests of the people, society, and the state. This study aims to get information about banking crimes that use the skimming method and about legal protection for customers who are victims of skimming crime. The research method is juridical normative, namely obtaining and combining and analyzing data obtained from books, articles and journals and related legislation. The results obtained are that crime skimming is an old mode of customer money burglary which is done by stealing customer data at the customer's ATM with skimmer techniques. Legal protection against customers who are harmed due to the crime of skimming can be carried out by criminal means, namely reporting to the police and the police's duty to arrest the perpetrators. Legal protection through civil law by way of the bank replacing the customer's money after clarifying the transaction against the customer's account