Suchergebnisse

Offers an overview of European research in the field of entrepreneurship. This book focuses on four themes, each of which illustrates a key dimension in the overall theme: entrepreneurs and their role in entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship in family businesses; performance of new ventures; and entrepreneurial processes

The article deals with the study of the experience and impact of establishing micro, small and medium-sized businesses, including innovative enterprises, in developed countries of Europe, the USA, and Russia, their development dynamics, as well as tools ensuring government regulation of their effective functioning. In Russia, the right to establish small innovative enterprises was granted by Federal Law No. 217-FZ dated August 2, 2009. The article provides quantitative statistics of the accounting of small innovative enterprises operating in the scientific and educational sector of Russia's economy and the economic indicators of their activities, obtained based on monitoring results. The article also analyzes the US legislation in the innovation field. The research allowed us to come to the following key conclusions: Micro, small, and medium-sized businesses play an important role in the European and American economies, being the most important source of innovation and new jobs. In Russia, further development of a mechanism for commercialization of intellectual results requires improvement in terms of harmonization with international rules. The foreign legislative experience with respect to micro, small and medium-sized businesses is of particular interest for the improvement of the regulatory framework that would ensure the effective operation of small innovative enterprises in Russia. ; peer-reviewed

The changeable business environment requires a new business framework and an understanding of the global market trends and the culture that will impact on business. Globalization and Entrepreneurship in Small Countries considers important business principles and makes them accessible for entrepreneurs and small business owners. It addresses the role of managers and leaders and management techniques in the context of global strategy of companies, as well as the culture diversity that comes with globalization of organizations. To meet the constantly changing conditions and demands, business must transcend boundaries to get what it needs regardless of where it exists - geographically, organizationally, and functionally. This book draws together earlier literature on SME development and internationalization from disparate sources into a cohesive body of work, which traces the evolution of our understanding of the topic. It explores just how globalization affects the demand for business and entrepreneurship, and will therefore be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of entrepreneurship, globalisation, organisational studies, and SMEs development in small countries

The opening of international economies and markets has created a new competitive environment, and has given Mexicans more business opportunities. An important component in the training and development of entrepreneurial skills can occur at the Mexican institutions of higher education, where students can obtain the theoretical and practial knowledge required to operate in the new global environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the innovative Entrepreneur Program at the Instituto Tecnologicoy de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) in Mexico, which directly addresses the problems afflicting Mexico's small business sector, and, at the same time, provides the entrepreneurial motivation and support that contribute to the success of the Mexican small businesses.

Entrepreneurship is a scarce factor of production in the economy like labor and capital; it is a business area which is culture and finance related. Turkey is an average country in the entrepreneurship world league. This negative situation in terms of entrepreneurship also continues in terms of innovation and innovative entrepreneurship. Although Turkey is counted among the world's GDP in the rich, in terms of the capacity to innovate is among the poorest. This paper discusses how Turkey can change this "reverse fortune" through developing an internal innovation culture and opening this culture to the outside world. Naturally, the ongoing Turkish industrialization policy should focus on innovation and use the "EU anchor" to transfer innovations to the industrial sector.

Entrepreneurship is a scarce factor of production in the economy like labor and capital; it is a business area which is culture and finance related. Turkey is an average country in the entrepreneurship world league. This negative situation in terms of entrepreneurship also continues in terms of innovation and innovative entrepreneurship. Although Turkey is counted among the world's GDP in the rich, in terms of the capacity to innovate is among the poorest. This paper discusses how Turkey can change this "reverse fortune" through developing an internal innovation culture and opening this culture to the outside world. Naturally, the ongoing Turkish industrialization policy should focus on innovation and use the "EU anchor" to transfer innovations to the industrial sector.

The article is devoted to research of innovative activity of small business in Russia by enterprises clusters depending on the number of employees. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the dynamics and structure of the main indicators, characterizing the available resources and the results of innovative activities, that allows making a number of important conclusions from practical point of view. The analysis has shown that small enterprises, in spite of small scale of innovative activity, operate mostly on new sales channels that help them to ensure product competitiveness on local market. At the same time, competitiveness of small enterprises on global market is significantly higher than the average level for Russia. In their innovative strategies, small businesses mostly focus on the development and modification of products or services over its imitation or total borrowing. The analysis has shown that enterprises with the number of employees from 51 to 70 are leaders to deliver new products on market among small innovative companies. About 10% of the products of this group is new to the world market. Groups of small enterprises with 71-80 employees and up to 20 people are coming next. The share of new products for the global market, made by these enterprises is 5%, which is significantly higher than the national average. These groups of small innovative enterprises are "points of growth" on the innovation effectiveness and competitiveness of products in Russia.The second part presents the study of regional differentiation of small business development in Russia. Multi-dimensional classification helped to divide Russian regions to homogenous groups depending on the development level of small innovative entrepreneurship. The significance of the indicators is proved by using of variance analysis (ANOVA) and calculating of F-statistics values.About 16% of small innovative enterprises are leaders on the resources invested in innovative development, 19% of small innovative enterprises are leading in innovation performance and in the share of innovative products and services in the total volume of the shipped goods. However, approximately 64% of Russia's regions are characterized by low indices, both resources and results of innovation activity. This is mainly rural, agricultural areas or regions. These regions have medium and large enterprises. The government should develop specific measures to improve the investment climate, innovation infrastructure, as well as institutional reforms for the development of small innovative entrepreneurship in these regions. ; Статья посвящена исследованию инновационной активности малого бизнеса в России по группам предприятий в соответствии с численностью работников. Значительное внимание уделяется исследованию динамики и структуры показателей, характеризующих имеющиеся ресурсы и результаты деятельности малых предприятий, что позволяет сделать ряд важных с практической точки зрения выводов.Проведенный анализ показал, что малые предприятия, несмотря на незначительные масштабы инновационной деятельности, ориентируются на новые рынки сбыта для своего предприятия, что обеспечивает внутреннюю конкурентоспособность производимой продукции. То, что касается внешней конкурентоспособности продукции, то она для всех групп малых предприятий значительно превышает средний для России уровень. В своих инновационных стратегиях малые предприятия в большей степени ориентируются на разработку и модификацию продукции или услуг по сравнению с ее имитацией или полным заимствованием. При этом необходимо отметить, что даже группы предприятий, которые были отмечены как отстающие по масштабам инновационной деятельности среди других групп малых инновационных предприятий, при создании инноваций ориентируются на завоевание новых российских рынков. Проведенный анализ показал, что со значительным отрывом от других групп лидирует группа малых инновационных предприятий с численностью работников от 51 до 70 чел. Около 10% продукции предприятий этой группы является новой для мирового рынка. На следующем месте – группы малых предприятий с численностью работников 71–80 чел. и до 20 чел. Доля новой для мирового рынка продукции, создаваемой этими предприятиями, составляет 5%, что значительно превышает среднероссийский уровень. Эти группы малых инновационных предприятий можно назвать точками роста по эффективности инновационной деятельности и конкурентоспособности продукции в России.Во второй части работы исследуется региональная дифференциация развития малого бизнеса в России. Использование многомерной классификации позволило разделить регионы России на однородные группы по уровню развития малого инновационного предпринимательства. Значимость используемых для анализа показателей обоснована с использованием дисперсионного анализа (ANOVA) и расчета значений F-статистики. Около 16% малых инновационных предприятий лидируют по масштабам ресурсов, вкладываемых в инновационное развитие, 19% малых инновационных предприятий – по эффективности инновационной деятельности, т.е. доле инновационных товаров, работ, услуг в общем объеме отгруженных товаров. Однако примерно 64% регионов России характеризуются низкими показателями, как ресурсов, так и результатов инновационной деятельности. Это, в основном, аграрные, сельскохозяйственные районы или регионы, в которых преобладают средние и крупные предприятия. Для развития малого инновационного предпринимательства в этих регионах необходимо специальные меры, направленные на повышение инвестиционного климата, улучшения инновационной инфраструктуры, а также институциональные преобразования.

__Abstract__ Prior research suggests that start-up costs and taxes negatively influence entry into entrepreneurship. Yet, no distinction is made regarding the type of entrepreneurship, particularly innovative versus non-innovative entrepreneurship. Start-up costs, being one-off costs, may reduce the entry of entrepreneurs whose ideas are not very promising, thus increasing the proportion of innovative entrepreneurs. Taxes, being recurring costs, may reduce the "prize" of innovation and the profit from entrepreneurship, discouraging individuals with innovative business ideas from becoming entrepreneurs. Analyzing a dataset of 632,116 individuals, including 43,223 entrepreneurs from 53 countries, we can confirm our main predictions. Our paper contributes to the discussion on how governmental regulation costs and taxes influence innovative entrepreneurship and technological deve lopment.

Prior research investigates the role of start-up costs and taxes with regard to entrepreneurship. Yet, little distinction is made regarding the type of entrepreneurship, particularly innovative versus non-innovative entrepreneurship. We shall argue that start-up costs and taxes are associated in different ways with innovative versus non-innovative entrepreneurship. Taxes being recurring costs should mainly relate to innovative entrepreneurship, whereas start-up costs being one-off costs should mainly relate to non-innovative entrepreneurship. Analyzing a dataset of 632,116 individuals, including 43,223 entrepreneurs from 53 countries, we can partially confirm our predictions. Corporate taxes show a negative relationship with innovative entrepreneurship, whereas income taxes seem to have no relationship. High start-up costs have a positive relationship with innovative entrepreneurship, although this finding only holds true in cross-sectional investigations. Our paper contributes to the discussion on how governmental regulation and taxes relate to entrepreneurship.

Prior research suggests that start-up costs and taxes negatively influence entry into entrepreneurship. Yet, no distinction is made regarding the type of entrepreneurship, particularly innovative versus non-innovative entrepreneurship. Start-up costs, being one-off costs, may reduce the entry of entrepreneurs whose ideas are not very promising, thus increasing the proportion of innovative entrepreneurs. Taxes, being recurring costs, may reduce the "prize" of innovation and the profit from entrepreneurship, discouraging individuals with innovative business ideas from becoming entrepreneurs. Analyzing a dataset of 632,116 individuals, including 43,223 entrepreneurs from 53 countries, we can confirm our main predictions. Our paper contributes to the discussion on how governmental regulation costs and taxes influence innovative entrepreneurship and technological deve lopment.

This research attempts to empirically examine the relationship between leadership styles and innovative entrepreneurship through regression analysis, using a sample of 43 countries and data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness. In light of institutional approaches and specifically based on the normative dimension, the main findings of the study indicate that participative leadership and higher education represent the strongest explanatory factor in the variance of the current rates of innovative entrepreneurship. This study has contributions for both researchers and policymakers on new firm creation (entrepreneurship) and on the generation of innovation within organizations (intrapreneurship). ; Stefan van Hemmen acknowledges the financial resources from ECO2013-48496-C4-4-R (Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness) and 2014-SGR-1259 (Economy & Knowledge Department -Catalan Government-). Marta Peris-Ortiz acknowledges support from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia through the project Paid-06-12 (Sp 20120792). Claudia Alvarez and David Urbano acknowledge the financial support from the Projects ECO2013-44027-P (Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness) and 2014-SGR-1626)Economy & Knowledge Department -Catalan Government-). ; Van Hemmen, S.; Alvarez, C.; Peris-Ortiz, M.; Urbano, D. (2015). Leadership Styles and Innovative Entrepreneurship: An International Study. Cybernetics and Systems. 46(3-4):271-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2015.1012896 ; S ; 271 ; 286 ; 46 ; 3-4