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Analyzes 738 Spanish environmental protest events as reported in El Pais, 1988-1997. An increasing level of protest is evident over the decade, with large demonstrations numerous although decreasing in number over the decade, indicating a change in the type of protest; local conflicts are seen to be spreading across the country. The most contentious environmental issues are identified as waste facilities, water policy, & nuclear energy & are viewed in the shifting context of diverse policy areas. The degree to which reported protests can be related to broader debates over policy approaches is then considered. Attention turns to describing the political repertoires of protesters & conflict scenarios, noting the moderate nature of Spanish environmental protest & examining the link between protest repertoire & issue categories. The leading & other organizations involved in environmental protest are scrutinized next in terms of their nature, network interactions, & key characteristics. It is concluded that, in light of a lack of ministerial response, the potential for the environment to consolidate as a policy subsystem is low. 9 Tables, 7 Figures. J. Zendejas

IN SPAIN'S 1991 LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS, 128 SOCIALIST PARTY CANDIDATES WERE ELECTED TO THE SENADO (UPPER HOUSE), GIVING THAT PARTY THE LARGEST REPRESENTATION. AS OF JANUARY 1, 1991, ALL MEMBERS OF PRESIDENT GONZALEZ'S CABINET BELONGED TO THE SOCIALIST PARTY.

Compensation is widely claimed within public criminal prosecutions, not within civil proceedings. In addition to procedures on defending general consumer interests, Spain introduced a notable reform in 2000, providing for damages claims to be brought collectively in consumer cases, particularly by consumer associations.

International audience ; This research provides a broad picture of water sector governance in Spain, a country dealing with serious water stress and quality problems. Moreover, a decentralized structure of regional and local governments supports the design and development of water policies. In this context, governance emerges as a key issue to improve water resources allocation. Several key policies and institutional features have been described, with a special attention to economic instruments and the role of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). Definitively, greater efforts in the policy-making and coordination processes are needed in the Spanish water sector.

International audience ; This research provides a broad picture of water sector governance in Spain, a country dealing with serious water stress and quality problems. Moreover, a decentralized structure of regional and local governments supports the design and development of water policies. In this context, governance emerges as a key issue to improve water resources allocation. Several key policies and institutional features have been described, with a special attention to economic instruments and the role of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). Definitively, greater efforts in the policy-making and coordination processes are needed in the Spanish water sector.

This study of the education system of Spain is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The study begins with the historical and socio-cultural background of the Spanish educational system which is followed by the description of the organizational and administrative context of the current education system. The next step is the functioning of the current education system, beginning with a structural overview and followed by an analysis of the different levels of the education system, including, as a separate chapter, post-secondary and tertiary education. The country study ends with an analysis of current problems and discussions, and opens perspectives for further development. A diagram illustrating the structural scheme of the Spanish educational system is part of this article. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).