Suchergebnisse

This review article analyses the merits and shortcomings of three recent
works by Matthew Rose, Peter Turchin, and Krishnan Nayar about the crisis in
Western liberal democracies and liberalism. By exploring the intellectual
and economic causes of the crisis, these authors are trying to establish a
historical model that would explain the current crisis through a
comprehensive account of the development of Western societies. In doing so,
they identify the detrimental role of the elites and the growing
inequalities as the major factor that historically contributes to the demise
of liberal values, endangering democratic rule of law. Therefore, the three
books are a warning that the demise of the liberal order will bring about
the resurgence of right-wing authoritarianism. However, all three authors
avoid discussing the nature of liberalism as the dominant ideology in the
West. This article presents a criticism of such models, arguing that any
discussion of the crisis of liberalism which avoids considerations about
liberalism itself and liberal ideologies, necessarily fails to encapsulate
the actual experience of the crisis. In addition, these models limit
history?s usefulness in interpreting the causes of the crisis and preventing
its consequences.

AbstractConfusion surrounds how best to describe today the architecture of the liberal international order, its challenges, and prospects. The Liberal Order's various and changing configurations its distributions of power, as well as the variety of major actors, portend consequences for the operation of the international system. Although structural approaches remain dominant in international relations analysis, it is evident that there is an interaction of structure, the distribution, and redistribution of power, and agency—the diplomatic actions, norms, and rules of international politics. Historical and existing institutions, ongoing debates, and political efforts all point to the role of agency in global governance. The ongoing search for order was the basis for the Peace of Westphalia, the Concert of Europe, the effort to construct collective security following World War I, the Western liberal order of the Cold War, and global governance constructions of the post-Cold War era. The continuing existence and direction of the liberal international order are proving difficult to determine. There are rising powers and growing geopolitical rivalry. There are many new nonstate actors affecting international politics. And, there is current U.S. policy that puts in question its collaborative role and its continuing leadership. The many architectures of global governance, even competing ones, underline that structure alone is not determinative. In addition, debates over what course to take imply that the force of circumstance does not make one and only choice possible and inevitable, and that the search for order is ongoing and omnipresent.

South Africa, liberal order and the future of human rights -- The West, liberal order, and human rights -- Country-specific human rights situations -- The Universal Periodic Review -- Civil and political rights -- Gender, race, and sexual orientation -- Economic rights and the right to development -- Conclusion.

Donald Trump's election has called into question many fundamental assumptions about politics and society. Collecting a wide range of perspectives from leading scholars, Chaos in the Liberal Order explores the global trends that led to Trump's stunning victory and the impact his presidency will have on the international political landscape