Suchergebnisse

Seit einigen Jahren wird von verschiedenen Seiten empfohlen, nachfrageseitig den Ausbau von Glasfaseranschlüssen in Deutschland mit 'Gigabit-Vouchern' staatlich zu subventionieren. Solche Gutscheine weisen jedoch erhebliche Nachteile auf. Bundes- und Landesregierungen sollten sie deshalb nicht einsetzen. ; Gigabit vouchers are a state-paid subsidy, which recompenses households and small and medium enterprises for a portion of the costs they incur through subscribing to Fiber-To-The-Building/-Home (FTTB/H) access offers. Various sources claim that such vouchers are an attractive means to increase demand for and supply of FTTB/H lines in Germany. However, the subsidy is plagued by serious flaws: vouchers are likely to attract only a marginal number of additional customers; to have undesired distributive side effects; to trigger minimal welfare gains; and to generate unnecessary administration costs. Thus, German federal and state governments are well advised to refrain from introducing gigabit vouchers.

ABSTRACT: * This paper examines the issues which may create pressures and incentives to introduce efficiency‐enhancing governance structures in enterprises which are privatized through voucher schemes in Russia. These pressures emphasize the need to view buy‐outs created on privatization as transitory organizational forms with a three‐stage process being suggested as the most feasible for developing governance mechanisms which produce efficiency gains, The paper uses illustrative case studies of the first major enterprises to experience post‐privatization ownership changes.

Rethinking the Welfare State offers a comprehensive and comparative analysis of social welfare policy in an international context, with a particular emphasis on the US and Canada.The authors investigate the claim that a decentralized delivery of government supported goods and services enables policy objectives to be achieved in a more innovative and efficient way, but at a lower cost. Secondly they examine the effectiveness of the voucher system as a solution to problematic welfare concerns. While this system has shown much promise in improving welfare, there have been problems for institution

In an effort to boost student achievement and reduce income-based gaps, the Chilean government passed the Preferential School Subsidy Law (SEP) in 2008, which altered the nation's 27-year-old universal school-voucher system dramatically. Implementation of SEP increased the value of the school voucher by 50 percent for "priority students", primarily those whose family incomes fell within the bottom 40 percent of the national distribution. To be eligible to accept the higher-valued vouchers from these students, schools were required to waive fees for Priority students and to participate in an accountability system. Using national data on the mathematics achievement of 1,631,841 Chilean 4th grade students who attended one of 8,588 schools during the years 2005 through 2012, we address two research questions (RQs): 1. Did student test scores increase and income-based score gaps become smaller during the five years after the passage of SEP? 2. Did SEP contribute to increases in student test scores and, if so, through what mechanisms? We addressed these RQs by fitting a sequence of multi-level interrupted time-series regression models, supplemented by other descriptive analyses. We found that: 1. On average, student test scores increased markedly and income-based gaps in those scores declined by one-third in the five years after the passage of SEP. 2. The combination of increased support of schools and accountability was the critical mechanism through which the implementation of SEP increased student scores, especially in schools serving high concentrations of low-income students. Migration of lowincome students from public schools to private voucher schools played a small role. We conclude by responding to a recent paper by Feigenberg, Rivkin, and Yan (2017) that argues that the gains from SEP are illusory.

The purpose of the SC Voucher Program is to increase the availability, affordability, accessibility and quality of child care for families in the state of South Carolina and assist families in achieving and maintaining economic self-support and self-sufficiency. The SC Voucher Program Policy Manual will be used by SCDSS staff to determine eligibility for child care assistance in a fair, consistent, and timely manner.

Ungarn ist auf dem Wege einer fundamentalen Änderung seiner Privatisierungspraxis. Die ökonomischen Erfolge in der Tschechischen Republik und in Rumänien mit der Coupon-Methode sind auf die ungarische Regierung nicht ohne Einfluß geblieben. Von der für Ende 1993 vorgesehenen Einführung eines neuen Privatisierungsprogramms, das der Bevölkerung Zugang zu langfristigen Krediten mit niedriger Verzinsung gewähren würde, verspricht sich das regierende Ungarische Demokratische Forum einen Popularitätsgewinn im Hinblick auf die im Jahre 1994 bevorstehenden Parlamentswahlen. (BIOst-Srt)

The Government's scheme for spectacle vouchers is little known. Ian Senior, of the Economists Advisory Group, argues that the principles of the scheme could be applied elsewhere.

Der Beitrag enthält eine detaillierte Beschreibung der Funktionsweise des Couponsystems als einem Eckstein des Privatisierungsprogramms in der CSFR. Vor dem Hintergrund der von dem französischen Ökonomen Leon Walras entwickelten Theorie über Gleichgewichtsmechanismen des Marktes bei der Allokation knapper Ressourcen wird kritisch danach gefragt, inwieweit das Couponsystem eine solche Funktion erfüllen kann. (BIOst-Srt)

The education voucher system -- the primary purpose of which is to force competition among public schools as well as between public & private schools -- is examined. The voucher system has been repeatedly proposed & rejected: causes for this include the fact that public schools are protected monopolies, & the increasing "bureaucratic imperialism" that is shifting power from local communities to the larger jurisdictions of city, county, state, & now federal governments. A recent experiment in the use of the voucher system in NH is discussed, & reasons for its failure are reviewed. The costs of public schooling average about twice those of private education. In light of this, such suggestions as the reforming of the provoucher Coons/Sugarman proposal, & the use of the constitutional initiative, are made. D. Abrahams.

Colorado's voucher law was declared unconstitutional by the Colorado Supreme Court on June 28, 2004. Voucher supporters have begun drafting revised legislation designed to address the legal problem. This article calls into question the key financial claim of revenue neutrality'a claim that was central to the promotion and passage of the departing voucher law. The author concludes that the voucher law was not revenue neutral, even though it attempts to exclude from eligibility those children already enrolled in private schools. In fact, this law, as well as any revised law with similar eligibility provisions, would actually cost taxpayers an additional $10 million per year once fully implemented because the eligibility provision provides little more than a short-term damper on the law's long-term fiscal impact.

Public attention has focused on especially Black Housing Choice Voucher Recipients' (HCVRs) residential mobility and whether and to what extent crime is influenced as a result. This paper adds to the growing empirical literature on this question by focusing on the race of HCVRs and examining whether changes in Black HCVRs presence in suburban areas over time is followed by changes in crime rates among the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the country. Multiple data sources are used to examine this question including data on voucher holders from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) Picture of Subsidized Housing, on crime from the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Offenses Known and Cleared by Arrest compiled by the FBI, and on important demographic data from the Census Bureau. First difference regression methods as well as lead and lag dependent (and independent) variable analysis, among other methods, are used to assess whether Black HCVRs influence crime in suburban areas. The results of the analysis indicate no support for the Black HCVRs – suburban crime hypothesis, consistent with previous research. The evidence indicates positive, statistically significant relationships between White HCVRs and suburban crime. However, lead and lag analysis suggests the relationship is not causal. If anything, the evidence points to White HCVRs moving to suburban areas where crime is increasing. Fears of increased crime resulting from increased presence of HCVRs are therefore not well supported by the studies' results, and should allay any concerns about unintended crime costs of the HCV program.