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AbstractRelying on the theory of representative bureaucracy—specifically, the notion of symbolic representation—this article examines whether varying the number of female public officials overseeing a local recycling program influences citizens' (especially women's) willingness to cooperate with the government by recycling, thus coproducing important policy outcomes. Using a survey experiment in which the first names of public officials are manipulated, the authors find a clear pattern of increasing willingness on the part of women to coproduce when female names are more represented in the agency responsible for recycling, particularly with respect to the more difficult task of composting food waste. Overall, men in the experiment were less willing to coproduce across all measures and less responsive to the gender balance of names. These findings have important implications for the theory of representative bureaucracy and for efforts to promote the coproduction of public services.

Taxpayers' willingness to cooperate with the state and its institutions, in general, and their willingness to pay taxes, in particular, depend on a variety of variables. While economists stress the relevance of external variables such as tax rate, income, and probability of audits and severity of fines, psychological research shows that internal variables are of similar importance. We present a comprehensive review on the relevance of citizens' knowledge of tax law, their attitudes toward the government and taxation, personal norms, perceived social norms and fairness, as well as motivational tendencies to comply, and discuss possibilities for strategic intervention to increase tax compliance.

Taxpayers' willingness to cooperate with the state and its institutions, in general, and their willingness to pay taxes, in particular, depend on a variety of variables. While economists stress the relevance of external variables such as tax rate, income, and probability of audits and severity of fines, psychological research shows that internal variables are of similar importance. We present a comprehensive review on the relevance of citizens' knowledge of tax law, their attitudes toward the government and taxation, personal norms, perceived social norms and fairness, as well as motivational tendencies to comply, and discuss possibilities for strategic intervention to increase tax compliance.

Taxpayers' willingness to cooperate with the state and its institutions in general, and their willingness to pay taxes in particular, depend on a variety of variables. While economists stress the relevance of external variables such as tax rate, income and probability of audits and severity of fines, psychological research shows that internal variables are of similar importance. We present a comprehensive review on the relevance of citizens' knowledge of tax law, their attitudes towards the government and taxation, personal norms, perceived social norms and fairness, as well as motivational tendencies to comply, and discuss possibilities for strategic intervention to increase tax compliance.

Intro -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Introduction: The Uncommunal Community -- Chapter One. The Republic of Letters: Pen-Pal Science -- 1.1. Introduction: The End of Splendid Solitude -- 1.2. The Dance of Distance and Proximity -- 1.3. Mobilizing the Academies: The Transits of Venus -- 1.4. Centralizing Everything: The Mannheim Meteorological Network -- 1.5. Conclusion: Where Was Community? -- Chapter Two. Internationalism: Science as a World Project -- 2.1. Introduction: Thinking Globally -- 2.2. A Universal Parliament -- 2.3. The Carte du Ciel: The Diplomatic Model -- 2.4. The International Cloud Atlas: The Voluntarist Model -- 2.5. Conclusion: Cooperate or Defect? -- Chapter Three. The Scientific Community: Governance without Governments -- 3.1. Introduction: The Cosmic Community -- 3.2. The Academy of Academies: Top-Down Governance -- 3.3. Scientific Internationalism, United Nations Style: The World Meteorological Organization -- 3.4. The Scientific Community in the Cold War: Governance against Governments -- 3.5. Conclusion: The Numbers Game -- Epilogue: Being in the Room Together -- Acknowledgments -- Further Reading -- Notes -- Back Cover.

Confronted with new geopolitical challenges and also threats not far from home, Raikov discusses how Russia and Japan are becoming, for objective reasons, natural strategic partners in East Asia. Tokyo is seriously contemplating closer relationships with Moscow because it is not sure how Washington (its strategic partner) might respond to a serious armed clash in the region. The East Asian countries (Japan among them) believe that the US will risk confrontation with China in extraordinary conditions if and when its basic interests are threatened. No matter what Japanese leaders say about their turn toward Russia, it is obviously caused by the Chinese factor. Adapted from the source document.