Suchergebnisse

International audience ; This research had two objectives. The first was to model the behaviour of wine producers, and the second was to assess the effectiveness of policies designed to reduce pesticide use in viticulture. We modeled the decisions of producers aiming to maximize their expected income while subject to a number of constraints and phytosanitary risks. We also examined the impacts of different protection strategies targeting downy mildew, the main grape disease in European Atlantic vineyards. The Vineyard model for Environmental Policy Analysis (VINEPA) model is a multi-periodic stochastic programming model based on panel data of about one hundred representative winegrowing farms from the Farm Accountancy Data Network in the Bordeaux region. The response of vines to fungicide treatments against downy mildew was simulated through the downy mildew potential system, an epidemiologic model initially developed for decision support, using data from multiple weather stations along with special plots of untreated vines, monitored weekly over a 10-year period. The VINEPA model accurately reproduced the current chemical protection strategies in the region. Simulations were then carried out for different types of taxes (ad valorem and volume based) at different rates. In addition, we analysed the effects of policies on spraying practices, along with their potential impact on investment in precision technology equipment.

The aim of this work was to irradiate brazilian grape tree (Myrciaria cauliflora) wines with gamma radiation (Co60) to investigate the effect of radiation on its components and to create a new product with quality for the superior fermented beverages market. For this wine was produced in an artisan way, but with all the care of hygiene and sanitation. The brazilian grape tree was femented for five days and the wine was then filtered and stored in inert material containers then irradiated at 2.5 and 5 kGy doses. The samples were evaluated in relation to the radiation doses used. Physical and chemical analyzes of pH; total and volatile acidity; alcohol content; anthocyanins; tannins and colorimetry were performed. As a result, in most product analysis, had little effect on irradiation, except for anthocyanins and tannins. For this can be concluded that it is possible to develop a new fermented drink based on brazilian grape tree, according to the standards required by the legislation and that the irradiation at the dose of 5kGy was the sample that shown to have the most effect on the color because it was the one that degraded most molecules of anthocyanins and tannins.

This report summarizes the more-easily measured of the wine industry's economic contributions. Other contributions multiply those benefits, including those to the restaurant, accommodation and other tourist-related industries, and to input-supplying industries such as bottle producers, designers and printer of labels, and transport firms. The report also summarizes some key characteristics of the industry at the regional level. In doing so it reveals the increasing distinctiveness of the various regions as they seek to add value by differentiating themselves from each other and from producers abroad

The U.S. wine industry is growing rapidly and wine consumption is an increasingly important part of American culture. American Wine Economics is intended for students of economics, wine professionals, and general readers who seek to gain a unified and systematic understanding of the economic organization of the wine trade. The wine industry possesses unique characteristics that make it interesting to study from an economic perspective. This volume delivers up-to-date information about complex attributes of wine; grape growing, wine production, and wine distribution activities.

The article considers the legislative and regulatory acts that specify the tasks in the implementation of breeding processes. The results of the creation, variety testing, patenting and introduction of grape varieties and clones into the State Register of the Russian Federation for 2010–2020 are presented. The article analyzes the relationship between the indicators of industrial development with the production volumes of planting material, the use of domestic varieties that are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation. The characteristic of ampelographic collections – the genetic resources of grapes – is given. A comparative analysis of many years' worth of data on the assessment of the adaptive potential of domestic varieties and introduced varieties is presented. The article describes domestic varieties, from which premium wines are produced, which not only competes with European varieties, but also surpasses the organoleptic properties and biochemical parameters of grape must and wine material. The main problems hindering the wide demand for domestic varieties on the market, including a substantial amount of imported European varietal planting material, are described. The necessity of accelerating breeding processes is actualized, modern methods are identified, including those of generative and genomic selection, transgenic technologies, cellular, mutational, and clone selection, and priority areas in breeding are presented. The numerical and qualitative analyses of the composition of breeding scientists is given, the trends of increasing the number and qualitative composition of breeders, the influx of young people, the growing need for training qualified personnel are noted. The number of bachelor's, master's and post-graduate students specializing in viticulture in general and in selection in particular as well as the number of defended dissertation studies on grape breeding has been found to be insufficient. The main scientific and practical problems in the organization and implementation ...

This article explains the social and economic changes that transpired in Turkey's rural areas by focusing on a vigneron village in the country's northwest. My goal is to show that the neo-liberalization of Turkey's economy in the 1980s and the privatization of state-owned production facilities in the 2000s exacerbated the devaluation of farmers' products and the depreciation of their labor. As a result of income unpredictability and an aging population, agrarian communities have either turned their vineyards into olive groves or uprooted them. Meanwhile, since the early 2000s, grape cultivation in Turkey has entered a wine-oriented phase primarily led by urbanites from non-agricultural sectors. Even though the percentage of wine grapes has increased in recent years, they mostly come from newly established vineyards of a new class of wine entrepreneurs. Based on 13 months of ethnographic research in vineyards and small-scale wineries in Turkey's Thrace, I argue that the peasantry in Turkey is in a transition that poses an indeterminate future for the country's grape cultivation and vineyard areas.

Povijest vinograda i uzgoja vinove loze u Hrvatskoj proteže se od davnina, još prije Kristova vremena. S obzirom da se Hrvatska nalazi u zoni s povoljnim uvjetima za uzgoj vinove loze te ima različite klimatske uvjete, velika je raznolikost kultivara, od kojih su neki specifični za naše područje, pa je utvrđeno da su to naše autohtone sorte. U drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća, dolaskom američkih bolesti i filoksere, dolazi do propadanja vinograda, a s time i do velikog broja autohtonih sorti. To nestajanje se nastavlja i danas, ali je uzrokovano mnogim drugim razlozima među kojima su nedovoljna briga i nepostojanje nacionalne politike kojom bi se potaknula revitalizacija nekih vrijednih sorti. Najvažniji znanstveni i stručni rezultati pokazali su da se u Hrvatskoj može pronaći veliki broj autohtonih sorti (oko 130), ali su u ovom radu opisane samo neke. ; The history of vineyards and cultivating of grape wine in Croatia has its roots in ancient times, even B.C. Considering the fact that Croatia is in a zone with favorable conditions for cultivating wine grape, and different climatic conditions, there is a great variety of cultivars, some of which are specific for our area and they have been determined to be our autochthonous sorts. In the second part of the 19th century, with the appearance of the American diseases and phylloxera, vineyards were deteriorating and by that a large number of autochthonous sorts as well. That disappearance continues today, but it is caused by many other reasons, as an insufficient care and the inexistence of a national politics which would encourage revitalization of some valuable sorts. The most important scientific and expert results have shown that a large number of autochthonous sorts (around 130) can be found in Croatia, but this paper describes only some of them.

Not Available ; Vast areas of Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh fall under dry temperature high hills and are aptly suitable for grape cultivation. In these areas, farmers grow grapevine in their backyards, on bunds of fields and on road side. They do not apply fertilizers, agro-chemicals, pesticides and no pruning and training is followed. Simply, the grapevines are allowed to climb on field/roadside trees. Thus grape production in Kinnaur is organic by default without much pressure on cultivable land. Due to lack of infrastructure for producing and post-production handling of wines, grapes produced in Kinnaur district are mainly used for preparing traditional fermented and distilled beverage known as Angoori. This beverage is being distilled and consumed for centuries in the area without any casualty due to liquor poisoning and as a result farmers in Kinnaur have been permitted by the Government of Himachal Pradesh to distill certain quantity of Angoori for their personal consumption. Traditional indigenous fermentation practiced in the region is low cost, less labour intensive and raw material is locally and easily available. These fermented products have a potential to grow into a small or medium size industry, if scientific, technological and infrastructural support is extended to the existing folk technologies / practices. This would also supplement Indian wine industry for diversifying its product range. ; Not Available