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This article challenges popular wisdom that economic globalization uniformly increases working time in industrialized countries. International investment and trade, they argue, have uneven effects for workplace bargaining over standard hours and over work-time flexibility, such as use of temporary or fixed work contracts. The authors explain how such globalization will tend to more substantially decrease standard hours than it does work-time flexibility. And they explain how works councils and union-led collective bargaining alter the way globalization affects both aspects of working time.The analysis of German enterprise data supports these expectations. Measures of globalization diminish standard working hours but yield more temporary work, fixed-contract work, and flexible working arrangements. Works councils and collective bargaining, however, mediate these effects in contrasting ways. Among enterprises without works councils or collective agreements globalization triggers more standard hours, but among firms with such representation globalization triggers fewer hours. With respect to flexibility, however, globalization increases use of temporary or fixed-term contracts more strongly where works councils or collective bargaining are present than when they are not. In short, economic openness has uneven consequences for working time, and firm-level labor representation channels those consequences in ways that highlight political agency in how people respond to globalization.

To examine the concepts of job satisfaction among females and the impact of working arrangements, this review examines five research articles from different countries. The cultural variations in women's job satisfaction according to their working hours were addressed in research done in different nations. This review claims that gender difference in job satisfaction is present and the impact of working arrangements like flexible hours has an impact on job satisfaction especially in females. Also, flexible working arrangements, such as homeworking, working part-time, flexitime, job-sharing, compressed hours, and term-time, were identified for the study. Moreover, it is suggested that the findings reported as a result of the data of different samples obtained from different countries, even if flexible working hours mean the same concept across countries, whether the effects of conditions and women on them have changed in future studies. Depending on the results of these articles, different directions in the issue were found. In this review paper, the discussion and implications based on whether gender may have an impact on the relationship between flexible working hours and job satisfaction will be covered. Keywords: Flexible Working Hours, Gender, Job Satisfaction, Working Arrangements.

How many hours should people work? I am pretty sure you, and everyone you know, has asked that question. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, I can actually show with how many working hours people are most satisfied on average. And the results are pretty strange. In short, while mothers can be satisfied with
Der Beitrag With how man working hours are people happy? erschien zuerst auf Martin Schroeder.