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This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered - benzene carbon monoxide formaldehyde naphthalene nitrogen dioxide polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene) radon trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene -have indoor sources are known for their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of concern to health. For each substance the chapter covers a general description the sources and pathways of exposure the indoor-outdoor relationship kineti

This article examines how the legislation of the Province of Buenos Aires contributes to the segregation of school enrolments, defined as the separation of students into unequal educational circuits according to their socio-economic background, offering different experiences of socialization, learning conditions and knowledge. The study analyzed legislation and how the work of intermediate level authorities (supervisors, school councils, and municipal governments) influences the distribution of students, teachers and material resources, and some of the pedagogic proposals of different schools. The article concludes that, in certain cases, provincial legislation favors school segregation through an unjust allocation of students, teachers and material resources. The mentioned legislation also contributes to segregation in an indirect way, by opening up ample possibilities for agents at "the base" of the educational system – intermediate level authorities, school principals and families – to act and influence the way in which the mentioned elements are distributed. ; El artículo indaga los modos a través de los cuales la regulación estatal de la provincia de Buenos Aires contribuye a reforzar la segregación educativa, entendida como la separación de los alumnos según su nivel socioeconómico en circuitos educativos desiguales por las experiencias de socialización, condiciones de aprendizaje y saberes que los mismos brindan. Con este objetivo, se analizan las disposiciones de la normativa y la intervención de las principales autoridades intermedias (supervisores, consejos escolares y municipios) sobre la distribución de los alumnos, los docentes, los recursos materiales y algunas ofertas pedagógicas entre las escuelas. El artículo concluye que, en ciertos casos, la regulación estatal de la Dirección General de Cultura y Educación favorece la segregación de manera directa, mediante la asignación injusta de los elementos mencionados. También lo hace de manera indirecta, abriendo amplios márgenes de acción a los actores situados "sobre la base" del sistema educativo -autoridades intermedias, directores de escuela y familias- en la distribución de dichos elementos. ; Este artigo examina como a legislação da Província de Buenos Aires contribui para a segregação de matrículas escolares, definida como a separação de alunos em circuitos educacionais desiguais de acordo com sua origem socioeconómica, oferecendo diferentes experiências de socialização, condições e conhecimento de aprendizagem. O estudo analisou a legislação e como o trabalho das autoridades de nível intermediário ( supervisores, conselhos escolares, e governos municipais) influencia a distribuição de alunos, professores e recursos materiais, e algumas das propostas pedagógicas de escolas diferentes. O artigo conclui que, em certos casos, a legislação provincial favorece a segregação nas escolas através de uma alocação injusta de alunos, professores e recursos materiais. A legislação mencionada também contribui para a segregação de uma maneira indireta, abrindo amplas possibilidades para os agentes de "base" do sistema educacional - autoridades de nível intermediário, diretores de escolas e famílias - para agir e influenciar a maneira pela qual os elementos mencionados são distribuído.

AbstractAs a large installation, Eglin Air Force Base conducts numerous operations and activities in support of national defense. Many of these operations/activities are a direct source of air emissions. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) evaluated these operations/activities for the purpose of identifying those that could be changed to reduce air emissions, regulatory exposure, and permitting and/or labor costs. This study applied root cause analysis techniques to minimize or eliminate these emissions. The study identified numerous potential options, many of which have been traditionally associated with pollution prevention efforts; however, by applying root cause analysis techniques, numerous other innovative and/or low‐cost approaches to reducing air emissions were identified. Implementation of these options would result in a significant reduction in the annual quantity of air emissions at the base.

For many emerging into the realisation that the climate crisis is here and present and that we will all be affected, there is a feeling of being overwhelmed and the sense that we are standing on the edge of a precipice. In these times of uncertainty and fear, artist interventions have a capacity to engage with these embodied experiences and bring a sense of hope to the conversation through creative reflective engagement. The act of making can reduce anxiety and is a way for people to express themselves as they enter this phase of climate adaptation. As UK activist group, Culture Declares Emergency, puts it, 'creativity is the antidote of despair' (2019). Through the Insp-AIR-ation ArtScience community project, artist facilitators focused on perceptions of air quality. The ways in which we organise our collective lives are very influential on weather cycles and climate rhythms. Through the kaupapa (guiding process) in this emergent project, we sought to give voice to the concerns of community groups, their hopes, and aspirations. This arts project provided people with a space and platform to shape their feelings and express values. While science has been pivotal in highlighting the precariousness of our current way of living, the arts have never been more important than now in expressing who we are and shaping a positive response towards a liveable and just future for all. Commenting on the Climate Crisis, former US advisor, Gus Speth has called for a social response and culture as a necessary agent for bringing about transformational change. Basarab Nicolescu, in La transdisciplinarité: Manifeste (1996), talks about building bridges between science and our ways of being through symbolic language which is enriched by the originating values of the community. This project is one such response in building bridges.

ABSTRACTSolid fuel burning in households is a leading health risk for people in developing countries. Several studies of indoor air pollution from solid fuels have analyzed the problem at the village and household level, but to design effective policies it is important to understand the large-scale socioeconomic drivers of household air pollution (HAP). Using county-level data covering all of China, we examine relationships between socioeconomic variables and ambient concentrations of PM and SO2 resulting from household energy use. Applying both non-parametric and parametric techniques, we find that income and education are robust determinants of HAP; structural characteristics affect the HAP turning points; and the poorest counties bear a disproportionate amount of total pollution, especially urban counties and counties located in the coastal provinces.

Air pollution is an increasingly environmental problem worldwide. People from Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) constantly complain of poor air quality in the region. Many studies have investigated particular aspects of air pollution in theKRI, the issue, however, has never been comprehensively discussed. This study, unlike its precedents, collects all the documents, research articles, and ground facts available concerning air pollution, and aims to thoroughly understand all dimensions of the issue and classifies its significant factors and sources. The result revealed that, compared to 40 years ago, current air quality in the KRI, specifically in the two largest cities of Erbil and Sulaimani, has deteriorated. The root causes were found to be political instability and wars in the region, a sharp increase in population, and poor public services. Similar to many other cities in the developing countries, sources such as transportation have contributed in the pollution. In addition, other significant sources such as dust storms, large and private power generators as well as household kerosene heaters which might not be present in other countries were found contributing in escalation of the pollution. It is concluded that air pollution in theKRIis the outcome of a variety of causes and sources some of which may not be common in other parts of the world.

Policymakers in the legislative and regulatory arenas face increasing public expectations that authorities will both promulgate and implement strict environmental programs. At the same time, the aggregate cost of such programs is rising and is impacting economic sectors previously untouched. In this context, a major study used an integrated interdisciplinary perspective to determine what economic benefits would result from air pollution controls. Specifically, the study developed estimates for the health benefits of reducing ozone and fine particulate matter concentrations in the nation's most polluted region—the South Coast Air Basin centering on Los Angeles. This paper presents the economic methodologies and results of that study. It also discusses how health and atmospheric sciences informed the economic assessment.

La publicación del libro de Marcela Nari, Políticas de maternidad y maternalismo político. Buenos Aires, 1890-1940 , fue muy esperada dado que su muerte prematura había dejado aún en estado de tesis el trabajo de una conocida académica feminista de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Así, su obra ya encontraba difusión a través de consultas de la tesis y se había constituido, antes de su publicación en 2004, en un referente de los estudios de género, salud e historia de las políticas públicas. En este libro, Marcela Nari indaga los procesos de maternalización de las mujeres y politización de la maternidad en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, entre 1890 y 1940, estableciendo un corte en 1920. En cuatro capítulos describe las bases materiales e ideológicas que permitieron la instalación de la ideología maternal, analiza los procesos mencionados y por último presenta la conformación del movimiento feminista como parte de la politización. ; Departamento de Historia

In this book, experts in atmospheric sciences, human health, economics, social and political sciences contribute to an integrated assessment of the complex elements needed to structure air quality policy in the 21st century. The analysis is developed through a case study of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area - one of the world's largest megacities in which air pollution grew unchecked for decades. The international research team is led by Luisa T. and Mario J. Molina, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. Improvements in Mexico City's air quality in the last decade testifies to the power of determined and enlightened policy making, and throws into relief the tough problems that remain to be solved. The volume's first six chapters, including the contributions of over 50 distinguished scholars from Mexico and the US, outline the fundamental areas of knowledge policy makers must accommodate. The message is that only good science and well-chosen technologies can direct the way to corrective regulatory measures; but without strong commitment from government, no amount of science or technology can help

The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate the legal and economic implications of the framework for passenger rights under Regulation 261/2004 in light of the recent decision of the Court of Justice in International Air Transport Association v The Department of Transport . This article will examine in detail the Regulation,outlining the major provisions contained within, the legal challenge brought by the International Air Transport Association ("IATA") and the European Low Fares Association ("ELFA") and the impactit will have on passenger rights in the European Union. Furthermore, the article will conclude by examining how national enforcement bodies will attempt to implement the provisions of the Regulation and the likely difficulties that may be encountered where "extraordinary circumstances" arise.

China has the largest construction volume in the world with about 2 billion square meters of new buildings completed annually. Currently about 80% of these are categorized as high-energy buildings and more than 90% of new buildings are considered high life-cycle energy buildings. The speed of construction in China is amazing and it's stimulated even further by the fast rates of urbanization. In order to decrease energy consumption of buildings, there is a need for strong political will and implementation of strict building regulations. China is geographically a vast country and it's impossible to design a single building code for the whole country. Energy consumption per building in China is 2-3 times higher than that of the developed countries with similar climatic conditions, and buildings are less comfortable as a result of poor thermal performance and too little insulation in most of China's buildings. Although the Chinese government has issued many standards and codes in order to improve energy efficiency of buildings, little effect has appeared and less than 6% of newly constructed buildings comply with these standards. China is a large country with a complex climate that in the national standard (GB50176-93) it's divided into five climate zones. Because of the "Qin-Huai line", for severe cold and cold zones, they have central heating system while 14 provinces and nearly half of the population of China is living in the hot summer and cold winter zones (HSCW) where they don't have central heating system. This is the first reason why in these zones heat pump systems play a very important role in heating buildings. Air source heat pump (ASHP) as an optional product has already been widely applied in families and companies. This project reports a novel application of an air source heat pump system for cooling, heating and domestic hot water production in Shanghai for a typical apartment. In winter, the system was aim to solve the central heating problem. The system was combined with a Low-H_2O heat exchanger to decrease the supply water temperature in order to save energy. The heating return water temperature was set at 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C for heating in winter which is lower than the conventional air source heat pump system. This system composed by the ASHP and the STDFCU has been tested, from December to February, in an apartment, aiming to the energy saving and the user's comfort. We found, for each experiment, the values of heating capacity and energy consumption and we can say that the heat pump's power is always sufficient to heat the apartment except with the temperature at 40 °C and the internal temperature at 22°C. Moreover, the internal conditions are always good for the users with an internal temperature between 19 and 21 °C. The use of computer software can be useful to simulate the model and to compare results with the experimental's data. That's why we created a model of the whole system and simulated it on EnergyPlus, an energy analysis and thermal load simulation program. Starting with a simplified model, finally we simulated the apartment finding heating capacity of the same order of magnitude that in the experiments.

Extraordinary Meeting of the Council of Chiefs and Heads of State and Government of the UNASUR, in Palacio de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina on October 1, 2010. ; Reunión Extraordinaria del Consejo de Jefas y Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas, en el Palacio San Martin, Buenos Aires, República Argentina el 1ro de octubre de 2010.