Suchergebnisse

Catch-22 des irregulären Aufenthalts. Handlungspraxen zwischen Abschiebung und NiederlassungFür Österreich kann - ebenso wie für andere westliche Industrieländer - von der Etablierung eines Abschieberegimes als Teil der Migrationspolitik gesprochen werden. Diese ist durch Ein- und Ausschließungsprozesse gekennzeichnet. Durch Abschiebungen wird Exklusion erreicht; rechtliche Inklusion erfolgt über das System der Niederlassungsbewilligungen. Migrant_innen, die (noch) keinen legalen Aufenthaltstitel haben und von einer Abschiebung bedroht sind, leben "unautorisiert" in Österreich. In dieser sozialwissenschaftlichen Studie wurde der Frage nachgegangen, welche Handlungsspielräume Menschen in einer solchen Lebenssituation haben. Mit Hilfe der Grounded Theory Methodologie wurde ein Modell entwickelt, welches die Handlungspraxen unautorisierter Migrant_innen beschreibt. Diese befinden sich in einer Situation des Catch-22 des irregulären Aufenthalts. Darunter wird verstanden, dass die unautorisierten Migrant_innen in ihren Handlungsentscheidungen vor einem Dilemma stehen: Die Handlungen, die sie setzen müssten um ein legales Aufenthaltsrecht zu erhalten, sind auf die Partizipation in der Gesellschaft (Deutsch lernen, einer Arbeit nachgehen, soziale Beziehungen aufbauen etc.) und die Compliance mit behördlichen Anforderungen ausgerichtet. Um hingegen einer gleichzeitig drohenden Abschiebung zu entgehen, müssen sie entgegengesetzt handeln und sich möglichst aus der Öffentlichkeit und vor dem behördlichen Kontakt zurückziehen. In dieser Studie werden die strukturellen Ursachen für den Catch-22 des irregulären Aufenthalts diskutiert und die konkreten Handlungspraxen der Migrant_innen sowie die intervenierenden Bedingungen (wie etwa die Handlungen der Mitarbeiter_innen der Fremdenpolizeibehörde und die Rolle von Unterstützer_innen und Vereinen) beschrieben. Abschließend wird auf die Folgen des Catch-22 für die Migrant_innen eingegangen. ; Catch-22 of irregular stay. Social practices between deportation and residencyAs in other western industrialised countries, in Austria a so called deportation regime is part of the actual migration policy. This migration policy is characterised by processes of inclusion and exclusion. Deportations fulfil the target of exclusion; legal inclusion is realised via the system of residence rights. Migrants who do not have (yet) achieved a residence permit and who fear a deportation, live unauthorised in Austria. In this social scientific study the question is raised which scope of action people have who live under such conditions. With the help of the Grounded Theory Methodology a model was developed which describes the social practices of unauthorised migrants. Their situation can be explained as Catch-22 of irregular stay. This means that unauthorised migrants face a dilemma when they have to decide how they act: If they want to attain a legal residency permit, they have to participate actively in society (that is to learn German, to work, to build up social ties etc.) and to comply with the demands of public authorities. However, if they want to escape a pending deportation, they have to act contrarily and have to avoid the public and the contact to authorities. In this study the structural causes of catch-22 of irregular stay are discussed and the concrete social practices of migrants and their intervening conditions (such as the actions of the agents of the aliens police and the role of private supporters and NGOs) are described. In conclusion, the consequences of catch-22 for the migrants are illustrated. ; Brigitte Kukovetz ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassungen in dt. und in engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Diss., 2015 ; OeBB ; (VLID)789614

Viešojo sektoriaus problemų šiuolaikiniame etape sprendimų paieškos reikalaujanaujų, nestandartinių ir valdymo praktikos specialistų veiksmų, ir neordinarių teorinių-metodologinių akademinės srities atstovų nuostatų bei požiūrių. Strateginis planavimaskaip viešojo sektoriaus efektyvinimo prielaida ir instrumentarijus teorinėsepaskutinių kelių dešimtmečių įžvalgose, kaip ir kitos valdymo galimybes plėtojančiosformos ir sistemos (TQM – kokybės vadybos ir kt.) išgyveno susidomėjimo jomispakilimą ir tam tikrą nuosmukį. Tai susiję su globaliomis tendencijomis – pokyčiais,paradoksais, netgi konfliktais, požiūrių įvairovės gausa ir kt. Tačiau nepaisant įvairialypio,daugiadimensiško strateginio valdymo (strateginis planavimas recenzijosautoriaus traktuojamas kaip vienas iš svarbiausių viešojo valdymo, t. y. viešosios politikosir viešojo administravimo visumos elementų) interpretacijų įvairovės ir praktiniolygmens jį vartojant kaip efektyvumo instrumentą, turime pripažinti, kad vadybiniupožiūriu strateginis planavimas jau apie 70 metų yra itin svarbi vadybos priemonėviešųjų institucijų veiklai plėtoti.Todėl J. Bivainio ir Ž. Tunčikienės monografijos pasirodymas yra nulemtas,kaip jau minėta, globalių megaaspektų. Antra vertus, strateginio planavimo praktikaLietuvoje taip pat evoliucionuoja ir apima iš esmės visas valstybės funkcines veiklas.Tai rodo ir pagausėjusios mokslinės strateginio planavimo teorinės analizės apimtys,išreikštos ne vienoje studijoje, publikacijose mokslo leidiniuose.Skaitytojams pateikiamos monografijos autoriai pasirinko racionalų daugiau fenomenologijosprincipais pagrįstą (mokslinio pažinimo kaip visumos interpretavimą)tyrimo logiką, kurios struktūra atitinka klasikinės metaanalizės principus.

Citizen participation topic became actual in various European Union (EU) projects since 6-7th decade of the XX century, when in many countries it had been started to transfer authority power from centre to regional and local government authorities with intention to make closer decision-making and implementation to the people. It is considered that decentralization can assure management, which would be more public, participatory, cooperative with community, reactive and accountable. Regional level is very suitable for promotion of citizen participation ideas, because regional and local management is closest to the people. Therefore EU regional policy is inseparable from enhancement and development of democracy, in order to achieve social welfare of population, economy strengthening and to reduce the differences between the EU regions. Nowadays tendencies in public administration indicate that a good management is defi nable by categories of wider citizen participation, pluralism, subsidiarity, transparency, accountability, accessibility, cooperation and effi ciency. "Old democracy" states try to consolidate values of democracy and at the same time to adjust effective methods of new public management, new public administration or new civil service into the management of public organisations. The main scientifi c problem in respect of looking for effective management model is to fi nd a suitable form, how to apply effective management principles from private organisations in the management of public organisations and to secure democratic principles at once. The success and effectiveness of new management systems much depends on the legal basis and the specifi c management and administration traditions of concrete state. The aim of this article is to evaluate the opportunities of citizen participation in regional management, considering the EU guidelines in respect of regional policy. The article analyses citizen participation tendencies in management of public organizations, EU position with regard to regional policy ...

Competitive contracting is the most common form of municipal privatization and has been growing in USAsince the 1970s regardless of the political affiliation of elected officials. Between 1982 and 1992 contractingincreased by 121 percent in the 596 cities where comparable data were available. The average common municipalservice is contracted out by 27 percent of cities.Cities privatize first to save money and second to improve services. A summary of nine major, comprehensivestudies covering every contract entered into by the reporting jurisdictions – 7, 168 contracts in all – showed averagesavings of 29,5 percent.Mayor Stephen Goldsmith gained national and international attention for his successful efforts in Indianapolis.He used public-private competition to bring about large improvements in street repairs, wastewater treatment,fleet management, solid-waste collection, airport management, golf courses. All in all he put eighty-six services outto bid, of which city employees won 43 percent – but only by drastically improving their productivity. The numberof employees declined by a third but no union member lost a job, and the city projected cumulative savings of $450million.

This article focuses, first, on the moral legitimacy, leadership, and capacity of public service, and theirpotential role in considerations of ethics in international relations, in general, and corruption, in particular.Second, arguing that realpolitik has attenuated our analysis of corruption and our ability to oppose iton moral grounds, a case is made for linking the scholarly work on corruption and the scholarly work onmorality in international relations, in order to enrich our understanding of corruption as a key moral concernof global governance, and to enable us, as well, to design and deliver effective anti-corruption initiativesacross the globe. Finally, the article concludes with a call for morally independent and resilient publicadministrators as key players in competent states, as well as collaboration between practitioners andscholars in the development of new skills and strategies to advance democratic discourse and decisionmaking at all levels of governance.

A stabilised tax system is a necessary element of an efficient legal system. Assurance of stability of thetax system is crucial for tax payers, who can plan their undertakings over a longer period of time, withoutbeing exposed to the danger of tax rate changes. The most visible symptom of tax law stability is the stabilityof tax rates. The guarantee of fixed tax rates is one of the most important incentives for investors, who takeit under consideration when estimating the risk connected with starting a new enterprise in a given market.Establishment of a stabilised tax system turns out to be very difficult in practice. There are severalfactors, amongst which the most important are: political background; sovereignty of lawmakers, who canalmost unlimitedly define the level of tax burden; changes taking place in former socialist countries in thelate 1980's and early 1990's causing radical tax system reforms; and, at last, the process of accession to theEuropean Community, which required harmonisation of state law systems with the European one.The above makes one ask the question whether it is possible to create a stabilised tax system with allthose factors around and eventually how to outline the area of stability

After the restoration of independence, Lithuania faced a rather difficult task: in a period of several years it hadto catch up with the democratically, economically and socially developed countries of the western world that hadsucceeded to achieve their present level over many decades. The ambition to produce fast results preconditioneddifferent problems in a number of political spheres.The creation of the regional policy was not an exception either. Despite the fact that quite a speedy improvementof the regions shows a positive progress in this sphere, problems could not be avoided in the process offormation and implementation of the regional policy. Hesitation in solving these problems may bring the situationunder threat.The article analyses factors that have contributed to the problems in the sphere of regional policy, and stressesthe significance of regionalism on the regional development.

The article analyses the following issues: 1. Performance measurement in literature. The performancemeasurement has an important role to play in the efficient and effective management of organizations. 2.Performance measurement in local authorities. Local governments themselves use a wide range performancemeasurement system in services area such as fire, solid water, water, roads, transportation, health, housing,recreation and social services. Measuring municipal performance means assessing how well a municipalityperforms when delivering goods and services to the public. 3. The principles underlying effective performancemeasurement. An effective performance measurement system will be built around six key principles:clarity of purpose, focus, alignment, balance, regular refinement, robust performance indicators. 4. Types ofperformance indicators. Performance measurements indicate how much or how well agency is doing. Theapproach adopted for developing the performance measurement system is based on the inputs – outputsefficiency outcomes framework. 5. Performance measurement importance for local authorities. 6. Performancemanagement versus performance measurement. 7. Measures, methodologies and approaches.

The word govern comes from a Greek root "kybern", which means to "steer" (The same root appears incybernetics, the science of control.) The job of government is to steer, not to row. Delivering services - whetherrepairing streets or operating an airline - is rowing, and government is nor very good at this task. Privatization is apragmatic policy for restoring government to its fundamental role, steering, while relying on the private sector todo the rowing.Privatization can be defined broadly as relying more on the private institutions of society and less on governmentto satisfy people's needs. It is the act of reducing the role of government or increasing the role of the otherinstitutions of society in producing goods and services and in owning property. In general, both the public andprivate sectors play important roles, and it is increasingly common to refer to "public-private partnerships", a lesscontentious term than "privatization". A public-private partnership is defined as any arrangement between agovernment and the private sector in which partially or traditionally public activities are performed by the privatesector.The distinction between public and private is elusive. We speak of a park or government office building asbeing publicly owned, but we use the same term to describe Microsoft because it has many stockholders and anymember of the public may buy part of the company; it is a private firm that is publicly owned. In the same way, apublic restaurant is one that caters to the public at large, although it may be owned by a sole proprietor. Confusingly,we use the same word, public, to describe three very different conditions: government ownership, widespreadownership, and open access. Their semantic confusion is nevertheless instructive, for it implies that governmentownership - and by extension, government action - is not necessary to achieve widespread (i.e., "public") benefits.Privatization capitalises on this underappreciated truism and takes advantage of the full array of ownership andoperating ...

12/22/1789: Justice Levi Woodbury born.

4/22/1992: Planned Parenthood v. Casey argued.

3/22/1957: Justice Charles Whittaker takes oath.

In this issue… World War II, War Bonds, Infantry, mining cities, Anaconda, Butte, Montana, American Legion, Montana Hotel, Mitchell Stadium, U.S. Army Signal Corps, Pacific battlefront, bazooka, Murray Motors, Columbia Gardens ; https://digitalcommons.mtech.edu/copper_commando/1079/thumbnail.jpg