За годы независимости в Украине создано значительное число новых территорий и объектов природно-заповедного фонда. Правительство отчитывается о высоких показателях выполнения экологических программ по увеличению площади охраняемых природных территорий разных категорий (так называемый показатель заповедности территории). Однако большое количество созданных объектов не имеет границ, установленных в порядке, предусмотренном законом. Это приводит к постоянным потерям природных территорий, которым законом якобы уже предоставлено охраняемый режим на территории всей страны. Предложены пути решения этой проблемы. ; Problem setting. Nowadays all over the world new protected areas are being created. In Ukraine this process is developed within European programs. During the years of independence many new protected areas were created. Large amount of them were included in so called Ukrainian ecological network that ought to be built in 2015. This network is connected with the European ecological network. The governmental reports show high level of the execution of the programs of developing of the protected areas. But in reality we can see that many of new protected areas do not have the determined limits. This results in dangerous human occupation of such lands. Businessmen understand that occupation will be impossible soon. And they think that such protected areas are proclaimed but yet not really exist. And most of Ukrainian courts agree with this. Recent research and publications analyses. Research of management of protected areas through legal means in Ukraine was made by many Ukrainian scientists (V.I. Andreytsev, A.P. Hetman, M.V. Shulga, P.F. Kulynich, A.M. Myroshnychenko and others). At the same time the scientists have not paid enough attention to the problem of defining the limits of protected areas which is now really a great legal problem in Ukraine. Paper objective is the legal problem of defining the limits of protected areas in Ukraine regarding to the sustainable land management. Paper main body. Generally, protected areas are understood to be those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited. The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas. The definition is as follows: "A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values." In Ukraine all protected areas consist of a «fund». Its name can be translated into English like «natural reserved fund». It includes areas of national and regional value. Protected areas are divided into categories. The most widespread are: nature reserve (most protected), national park, zakaznik (a type of protected area in Ukraine and some other former Soviet republics that meets World Conservation Union's (IUCN) category III, or more frequently category VI criteria). In Ukraine there are two types of land planning: 1) land management; 2) planning of development of territories which includes city planning. The limits of each land lot are determined by special documentation within the system of land management. The main type of documentation is the project of land management. This document is also made for protected area as a separate geographical space. According to the law the limits of each protected area are determined by the project. But very often we face the situation when there is no such project. The reasons are different. One of them is that many people are not interested in creation of a new protected area. The amendments to the law "About natural reserved fund of Ukraine" made in 2010 give the solution of this problem. Before the land management project is contained the limits are determined by project of creation of protected area. This document is contained before the proclamation of protected area. But lawyers often face the situation that appeared before 2010. Most of them think that the only evidence of existence of protected area is the land management project. They are so fascinated with this thing that many of them still even do not know about the project of creation of protected area. The author disagrees with them. On the basis of analysis of laws of Ukraine and many other court rulings he offers several new ways of definition of the limits of protected areas. Conclusions of the research. The main way to define the limits of protected areas is to make the project of land management. The additional way is to make the project of creation of protected area. If these documents do not exist other ways would be used: scientific justification, list of landowners, city planning documentation.
Course Summary 1. Title 2. Duration 3. Venue 4. Organizer 5. Accommodations = 6. Participating Countries(17) 7. List of Trainees 8. Program 9. Itinerary 10. Useful Tips in Korea Trade Promotion Policy and Strategy of Hong Kong / Mary Wong Ⅰ. Hong Kong's Position in the Global Trade Ⅱ. Hong Kong as an International Trading and Service Centre Ⅲ. Trade Performance in Retrospect Ⅳ. Export Market Scenario - A Strategy of Diversification Ⅵ[Ⅴ]. New Market Focus - Growth of lntra-regional Trade Ⅶ[Ⅵ]. Hong Kong as a Springboard to China Ⅷ[Ⅶ]. Prospects The Uruguay Round Negotiations and The Korean Economy / Tae Ho BARK 1. Introduction 2. Korea's Participation in the Uruguay Round 3. The Impact of the Uruguay Round on the Korean Economy 4. Tasks Facing Korea 5. Major Difficulties Faced by Korea in the Uruguay Round 6. Concluding Remarks Endnotes References General Trading Company as a New Export Marketing Strategy in Debeloping Countries / Dong Sung CHO Frame of Analysis Part One : General Review Historic Evolution of GTCs Comparison of Contemporary GTCs Comparison of MNC and GTC Diversification Strategies of GTCs The Concept of the GTC Part Two : Korean GTCs Why GTCs in Korea? Performance(Sales/Exports/Subsidiaries/Products/Markets/Financial) Causes of Korean GTCs' Deteriorating Financial Performance Part Three: Policy Implication Government : Policy Issues Business : Strategic Issues Korean Trade System & Implication for other Developing Countries / Chon Pyo LEE The Methodology and Application of Overseas Marketing Research / Chang Do PARK 1. The purpose and methodology of Overseas marketing research 2. Method and Application of Overseas Marketing Research by the KOTRA Support Systems for Assisting Small/Medium Companies in Overseas Marketing / Jung Rak SUH 1. Scope and Functions of Small and Medium Companies 2. Support Systems for Assisting Small/Medium Companies in Overseas Marketing 3. KOTRA's Activities for Assisting Small/Medium Companies in Overseas Marketing 4. Strategies for Developing Overseas Markets for Small/Medium Industries An Introduction to Small and Medium Enterprises in Korea and the Role of Industrial Bank of Korea / Chung Hoon CHANG 1. SME in Korea 1) Definition 2) Importance of SMEs in the Korean Economy 3) SME Financial Assistance Organization Chart 2. Major Activities of I.B.K 1) I.B.K. profiIe 2) Sources of I.B.K. Funds & Loans by Industrial Sector 2,0 3) Special Assistance Programs 4) Coordinated Assistance Activities Information Management System and Computerization / Haeng Ung PARK 1. Computerization Project during the 1st Stage 2. Computerization Project in the Second Stage 3. Future Plan Exhibitions for Introducing Export Goods to Global Market / Duck ki JOO 1. Relationship between Exhibitions and Trade 2. Functions of Exhibitions 1) Significance of Exhibitions 2) Marketing Aspects 3) Types 4) National Pavilions 3. History of Korean's Participation in Exhibitions 4. Comparison of Exhibition Activities between KOTRA and its Foreign Counterparts 5. Present Status of KOTRA's Exhibition Activities 1) Organization of Exhibition Department 2) Major Activities A. Overseas Exhibition Activities B. Domestic Exhibition Activities C. Participation in EXPO D. Design Service The System for Providing Assistance to Textile Industries / Jeon Hee CHO 1. Korea Federation of Textile Industries 2. The Textile Industries in Korea Korean General Trading Company / Chang Gun LEE 1. Introduction 2. Qualification 3. Performances 4. GTC in Prospect The Role of Small & Medium Firms in Korea's Export Promotion / Ho Seuk SONG 1. Small and Medium Firms in Korea 1) Scope of Small and Medium Firms 2) Characteristics of Small and Medium Firms 3) Difference between Korean SMFs and the Taiwanese counterparts 2. Policies of the Korean Government Supporting SMFs 1) Direct Policy Measures 2) Indirect Policy Measures 3. The Role of SMFs in Korea's Export Promotion 1) The Effects of Exports on Small and Medium Firms(SMFs) 2) The Characteristics of Exports by SMFs 3) Difficulties Faced by SMFs 4. Case of SMFs Supported by KOTI 1) General Status of KOTI 2) Cases of SMFs Supported by KOTl How we made printing sales successful in overseas / Gabriel K.H.LEE Assistance System to Local Companies for Trade Promotion / Hee Won KANG 1. Brief Introduction to Industry of Pusan 2. Outline of Business Activities Carried on by the Korea Trade Center-Pu-san 3. Supporting Activities for Small-and Medium-Sized Companies Korean Customs Valuation System / Yung Myung KIM 1. Historical Background 2. Price Declaration 3. Examination of Customs Value 4. Conversion of Foreign Currency 5. Valuation Hierarchy 6. Transaction Value 7. Transactiion Value of Identical Goods 8. Transaction Value of Similar Goods 9. Deductive Value 10. Computed Value 11. Other Value TAIWAN, ROC'S Foreign Trade Policy and Strategy / Yan-Chi MA 1. Current Situation of A So-Called "Little Economic Tiger" 2. The Basis of Taiwan's Industry Today 3. Stages of Industrial Evolution and its Complementary Foreign Trade Policies and Startegies
The EVS 2017 Method Report provides information on the survey implementation and fieldwork procedures in the participating countries. The report is based on the EVS 2017 Methodological Questionnaire which was provided as an online form on the myEVS portal designed during the SERISS-Project (Synergies for Europe's Research Infrastructures in the Social Sciences). All national teams were asked to fill in the main characteristics of the methodology and data collection after fieldwork was completed (see EVS 2017 Guidelines, App A5: Fieldwork and reporting). The Method Report consists of two main sections providing metadata on study scope, principal investigator, funding agency, data depositor, data access and version, sampling procedure, mode of data collection, fieldwork procedure, and quality control operations. The study description of the integrated datasets in section one contains more general information and summarized country-specific information. Section two includes country reports on the 34 national datasets providing comprehensive country-specific information.
International audience ; The aim of this paper is to highlight the effect of the endowment of resources on development through the analysis of the impact of national strategy, both at a regional and local level. The research focuses on the Legal Amazon, through the georeferenced analysis of socio-economic data from the last three censuses (1991, 2000 and 2010), in order to demonstrate how the Brazilian national energy strategy is contributing to the perpetuation of the phenomenon of the endowment trap at a regional level. Despite boosting the national growth, the concentration of sector-based projects in resource-abundant areas is unable to eradicate inequalities, which in turn perpetuates the path dependence.
The structural engineer is often involved to express an opinion on the state of efficiency of the existing structures. This is partly because, in Italy, a large part of structures was built before the middle of the last century. Indeed, the 14th General Census of Population and Housing in 2001, released by Istat, that counted 12.774.131 buildings and 38.397 building complexes, for a total of 12.812.528 units, shows that 19,2% (2.150.259) was built before 1919, 12,3% between 1919 and 1945, 50,0% between 1946 and 1981; 11,5% from 1982 to 1991 and 7,0% since 1991. In addition to building, the field of road infrastructure requires as well special attention. In recent years the efficiency of infrastructure has been questioned due to various phenomena such as the increase in traffic loads, increasing the speed of travel, the changes of the relevant legislation relating to safety standards. The functionality of the bridges depends closely on a good inspection activities, and the lack of a proper and timely maintenance, entails an increase of the deterioration and therefore higher costs of repair. The periodic assessment of the conditions of stability of infrastructures is part of the duties of the company and Agencies owners of the roads. They are therefore directly responsible for any damage suffered by road users in dependence of instability or collapse of the bridges. There is therefore the need to assess the reliability of the infrastructure, with particular attention to those who, although they have far exceeded their threshold of useful life, are still in operation. In recent years, many companies of management of road networks have turned their interest to the definition of systems of Bridge Management System (BMS). BMS is the set of inspection, investigation, maintenance, repair of a group of bridges, organized according to priority, with the support of computer databases and algorithms officers. The state of conservation is characterized by assigning qualitative judgments. Some BMS provide for the detection of the extension and intensity of the defects, others associate to each element a qualitative index relative to the condition in which is each element. The bibliographic study, showed that no existing method considers the location of the damage within the element in which it manifests itself, although it a fundamental parameter for a correct diagnosis as closely related to the kinematic mechanism of collapse. The goal of my research work has been to provide a useful decision support tool during the data analysis of inspection, identifying a mode of low-cost and immediate investigation, for concrete bridges, which achieves a reliable judgment on the static condition of the structure inspected. It has been given special attention to concrete structures, the most widely used material in the field of civil construction. Forty years ago, it was presented as a material with low maintenance and almost unlimited duration. Quite different is the situation that presents itself today to the industry, it is remarkable the presence in Italy of reinforced concrete structures subjected to situations of instability for which you need to make thorough checks to assess their strength. The process that we propose is based: on visual observation of the bridge and on the analysis of the data obtained by means of instrumental tests carried out on the material to be inspected. Assuming that to do a good structural diagnosis, we must find the right compromise between reliability and invasiveness, it has been chosen, as a primary investigation, non-destructive tests, ie the complex of tests and surveys that do not alter the material and do not require the destruction of the structure. In particular, among the various non-destructive techniques, I chose to use the rebound hammer and ultrasonic testing techniques. In order to verify the reliability of non-destructive testing, it has been arranged a campaign of experimental investigation of a series of mixtures, packaged with concrete class different to be able to evaluate a wide range of resistances. They were made a total of 100 cubic test pieces of side 15 cm. They were then subjected to non-destructive tests for the measurement of the ultrasonic velocity and the rebound number, and in the end they were subjected to a breaking test for the determination of the compressive strength. It was then studied the correlation between the non-destructive testing and compression testing. The classical approach for the study of the correlation is to calibrate the regression lines between the indirect properties and the material characteristics and constructional of interest. The proposed methodology is based instead on the use of neural networks, which is a simple and quick tool of correlation between the measured and the mechanical properties of the material. From this practical application it has been identified neural networks as a way to better predict the value of concrete strength investigated, starting from the use of the results obtained by the low-invasive investigations. The proposed method of assessment can be summarized into two steps: • Visual inspection: identification and classification of any degradations and failures on the structure, it must be targeted to the identification of critical points that present and guide the subsequent phases of diagnostic. During the visual inspection is to be assessed the condition of each structural element, identifying extension, intensity and localization of all types of defect present. • Instrumental analysis: mechanical characterization of materials based on low-invasive investigations (NDT). For each significant parameter is assigned a numeric value that will form the basis for the calculation of the function of judgment of the single element (Fe). Adding the evaluation carried out for every individual element that make up the bridge and comparing this value to the sum of the defects that may potentially occur in the observed structure, you obtain the function evaluation of the whole structure (Fs). The parameters for the assessment of the condition of the structure are therefore: • data observable during visual inspections; technical arguments made by experts about the static scheme of the structure from which flows the importance that can have the location of the defect within the element on which it appears, • the results of instrumental tests carried out on the material constituting the bridge. The innovative aspect of the proposal, compared to the existing methods, is the introduction of two factors by which you can evaluate the location of the damage (Li), and use the mechanical characterization of the material as a parameter of judgment (Ti). In support of the calculation method I proposed the Evaluation Tables to be completed during the visual inspections to note down observations. In this way you can make it clear how, starting from what was found during the inspection, for each structural element, it was possible to issue the final judgment. The applicability of the method was verified by means of application on three real structures. The first two are located in Pixina Manna (Pula) and the third structure is located a few kilometres far from the city of Cagliari. Application examples show that the method is an important aid to the evaluation of the structure, providing a guide for the technician who must carry out the survey and directing a uniformity of opinion.
The aim of this research paper is to understand how the Christianisation of the Roman West developed through the Christian community of Lyon. More particularly in the context of the persecutions of 177, when the feast of the federal sanctuary of the Three Gauls, bringing together 60 provinces, took place during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. The corpus revolves around the three themes of my research: the Early Church, epigraphic Sources in Asia Minor, Roman legislation. Then in appendix, the chronological frieze of books IV and V of the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius of Caesarea, which informs us about the emperors and edicts, the primitive Church and the persecutions. The research paper is divided into two parts, and raises two issues. The first part is devoted to the Early Church of Lyon and its origins, and consists of two chapters. The first one aims at knowing the role of the first two leaders of the Church of Lyon, where Irenaeus was very active, which could embarrass the authorities. And the second one allows to know the influence of the Greek culture, on the diffusion of Christianity in the capital of the Gauls. And to present the Christian currents such as Montanism. The second part devoted to Christianity and Roman legislation is divided into three chapters. Its aim is to grasp the stake of the Roman authorities in eradicating the new religion, as Roman soldiers and wealthy citizens flee the imperial cult, thus weakening the Emperor. And to explain that the Church exceeds the representatives of the federal cult, because it harms the economy of the imperial cult by its refusal of sacrifices. Finally, we will see how the martyrdom of the 47 Christians of Lyon in 177, and the role of the first two founders of the Church of Lyon have favoured the development of Christianity in Gaul. ; Ce mémoire de recherche a pour objectif de comprendre comment s'est développée la christianisation de l'Occident romain, à travers la communauté chrétienne de Lyon. Et plus particulièrement dans le contexte des persécutions de 177, où s'est déroulée la fête du sanctuaire fédéral des Trois Gaules réunissant 60 provinces, sous le règne de l'empereur Marc Aurèle. Le corpus s'articule autour des trois thématiques de ma recherche : l'Église primitive, les sources épigraphiques d'Asie Mineure, la législation romaine. Puis, en annexe, la frise chronologique des livres IV et V de l'Histoire Ecclésiastique d'Eusèbe de Césarée, qui nous renseigne sur les empereurs et les édits, l'Église primitive et les persécutions. Le mémoire de recherche se divise en deux parties, et soulève deux problématiques. La première partie est consacrée à l'Église primitive de Lyon et ses origines, et comporte deux chapitres. Le premier a pour objectif de connaitre le rôle des deux premiers chefs de l'Église lyonnaise, où Irénée fut très actif, ce qui pouvait gêner les autorités. Et le deuxième permet de connaitre l'influence de la culture grecque, sur la diffusion du christianisme dans la capitale des Gaules. Et de présenter les courants chrétiens tels que le Montanisme. La deuxième partie consacrée au christianisme et la législation romaine se divise en trois chapitres. Elle a pour objectif de saisir l'enjeu des autorités romaines à éradiquer la nouvelle religion, car les soldats et riches citoyens romains fuient le culte impérial, ce qui fragilise l'Empereur. Et d'expliquer que l'Église excède les représentants du culte fédéral, car elle nuit à l'économie du culte impérial par son refus des sacrifices. Enfin, nous verrons en quoi le martyre des 47 chrétiens de Lyon en 177, et le rôle des deux premiers fondateurs de l'Église lyonnaise ont favorisé le développement du christianisme en Gaule.
Article Details: Received: 2020-03-26 | Accepted: 2020-05-19 | Available online: 2020-09-30 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.03.139-146Plants are often exposed to adverse environmental conditions that can significantly interfere with their genomic response. Soil compaction induced by heavy field machinery represents a major problem for crop production mainly due to restricted root growth and penetration into soil and therefore reduced water and nutrient uptake by the plants. Tested hypotheses were to declare whether the plant's genome responds to soil compaction and whether the microRNA-based markers are suitable to determine this response. A long term field scale experiment was established in 2009 where different levels of soil compaction are researched from the soil and crop point of view. The analyzed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants were collected during the growing season in 2019. 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El Decreto Ley 1661 de 1991, expedido bajo el amparo de la Constitución Política de 1886 otorga al nivel profesional de los funcionarios públicos en Colombia, el reconocimiento de la Prima Técnica. Luego, con la entrada en vigencia de la Constitución Política de 1991 se expide el Decreto Ley 1724 de 1997 (Derogado por el art.6 del Decreto 1336 de 2003), por medio del cual se suprime el reconocimiento de la prima técnica al nivel profesional y ejecutivo. Posteriormente, el Decreto 1336 de 2003, en mención, restringe aún más el reconocimiento de la prima técnica, únicamente para el nivel asesor y directivo. De acuerdo con lo anteriormente expuesto, se pretende identificar si resultan constitucional y legalmente válidas las disposiciones normativas contenidas en el Artículo 1 de los decretos 1724 de 1997 y 1336 de 2003, al suprimir el reconocimiento de la Prima Técnica al nivel profesional de los funcionarios públicos en Colombia. Para ello, se estudia y analiza, principalmente, el tema de los derechos adquiridos, los derechos sociales, el tránsito constitucional, la jerarquía normativa, la seguridad jurídica y la confianza legítima. Como resultado, se establece la viabilidad del restablecimiento de la Prima Técnica para el nivel profesional de los funcionarios públicos, luego de verificar que los decretos normativos que la suprimieron carecen de validez y legalidad constitucional. Por último, resulta importante indicar que el desarrollo del presente trabajo utiliza el método hermenéutico de investigación. (texto tomado de la fuente) ; The Decree Law 1661 of 1991 , issued under the protection of the Constitution of 1886 grants, the professional level of public servants in Colombia recognizing the Technical Prima. Then, with the enactment of the Constitution of 1991, Decree Law 1724 of 1997 ( Repealed by art.6 of Decree 1336 of 2003), by which the premium recognition technique suppresses the professional level is issued and executive . Subsequently, Decree 1336 of 2003 , in question, further restricts the recognition of technical premium, only for advisory and management level. According to the above , it is intended to identify if they are constitutionally and legally valid standards contained in Article 1 of the decrees 1724, 1997 and 1336 to 2003 by removing the recognition of the Technical Prima professional level of civil servants In colombia. To do this, it is studied and analyzed mainly the issue of acquired rights, social rights, constitutional transition, the hierarchy of norms, legal certainty and legitimate expectations. As a result, the feasibility of restoring the Technical Prima for the professional level of civil servants, after verifying that regulatory decrees that are not valid and abolished constitutional legality is established. Finally, it is important to note that the development of this study used hermeneutic research method. ; Maestría ; Derecho al trabajo y Seguridad Social
The redefinition of the single-family house, the urban landscape, and the American Dream. Sitting squarely at the center of the American Dream, the detached single-family home has long been the basic building block of most US cities. In Remaking the American Dream, Vinit Mukhija considers how this is changing, in both the American psyche and the urban landscape. In defiance of long-held norms and standards, single-family housing is slowly but significantly transforming through incremental additions of second and third units. Drawing on empirical evidence of informal and formal changes, Remaking the American Dream documents homeowners' quiet unpermitted modifications, conversions, and workarounds, as well as gradual institutional alterations to once-rigid local land-use regulations. Mukhija's primary case study is Los Angeles and the role played by the State of California—findings he contrasts with the experience of other cities including Santa Cruz, Seattle, Portland, Minneapolis, and Vancouver. In each instance, he shows how, and asks why, homeowners are adapting their homes and governments are changing the rules that regulate single-family housing to allow for accessory dwelling units (ADUs) or second units. Key to Mukhija's research is the question of why the idea of single-family living is changing and what this means for the future of US cities. The answer, this book suggests, heralds nothing less than a redefinition of American urbanism—and the American Dream.
Introduction: Corruption, Empire and Colonialism in the Modern Era: Towards a Global Perspective -- PART I. Corruption and Narratives of Imperial Decline and Reform during the Age of Revolutions, c. 1800 -- Reflections of an Early-Modern Historian on the Modern History of Corruption and Empire -- Corruption, Empire and State-Building: An Entangled History of the British and French "Imperial Nation States" and Hyderabad, c.1760 to 1800 -- The East India Company and the Regulation of Corruption in Early-Nineteenth-Century India -- Corrupt and Rapacious: Colonial Spanish-American past through the Eyes of Early-Nineteenth-Century Contemporaries. A Contribution from the History of Emotions -- Bribery in Baroda: The Politics of Corruption in Nineteenth-Century India -- PART II. Civilizing Missions and "Oriental" Corruption during the Age of Modern Imperialism, c. 1900 -- Colonial Normativity? Corruption in the Dutch-Indonesian Relationship in the Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth Centuries -- Land, State and Favour in Colonial Algeria. Why the Bruat Case (1877) did not become a Scandal -- "There's nothing like having good influence in Madrid!". Fraud and Immorality in Cuba, the "Pearl of the Antilles" -- "Putting an end to the Slander that Stains Everything". Víctor Balaguer and Anticorruption Strategies in Late-Nineteenth-Century Cuba -- Paperwork as Commodity, Corruption as Accumulation. Land Records and Licences in Colonial Myanmar, c.1900 -- The Entrenchment of Corruption in a Colonial Context: the Case of the Philippines c.1900 -- Conclusions: Colonial and Corruption History: Future Research Perspectives.
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Among the founding nations of the European Union, no nation has experienced a more devastating affect from the 2008 economic crisis than Italy. Although its recovery has recently begun, Italy has fallen even further behind EU economic leaders and the EU average. Looking at how and why this happened, Facing the Crisis brings together ethnographic material from anthropological research projects carried out in various Italian industrial locations. With its wide breadth of locations and industries, the volume looks at all corners of the diverse Italian manufacturing system
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"Ending Slavery" offers insights into the "how" of practices of slavery that persist in parts of Mauritania up to the present day. It brings to the light the gendered structures of Moorish slavery, and examines their impact on strategies and tactics designed to bring this institution to an end. Underlying this study is empirical data gathered during two periods of field research in rural central Mauritania. The analysis of life histories of slaves and freed slaves, but also of tributaries and free Moors plays a key role in the book.
This book is the first political biography of Aung San Suu Kyi covering both her years in opposition and all her years in power from 2016 onwards. It offers a new interpretation of Aung San Suu Kyi by presenting a balanced and thorough account of Suu Kyi's policies. In the last 30 years there has not been a person in global politics who has risen so high and fallen so low - and so quickly - as Aung San Suu Kyi. Using postcolonial theory and introducing the new concept of `a hybrid politician', this book explains apparent inconsistencies of Suu Kyi's agenda. It demonstrates that Suu Kyi considers herself a democrat and yet, rules autocratically. Immersed in her country's tradition of policymaking, she has at the same time been influenced by foreign concepts, both Western and Asian. Drawing on first-hand research, including talks with Suu Kyi, conversations with her supporters and rivals, observations of Suu Kyi's behaviour during intergovernmental talks as well as an extensive number of sources and fieldworkin Myanmar, the author argues that Suu Kyi's case shows both the strengths and limits of hybridity. This brings Suu Kyi priceless political assets such as visibility, recognition and support while proving that such a model of leadership has its restrictions. A timely biography of the Nobel Peace Prize Laureate as she appears at the International Court of Justice to defend her country against charges of genocide committed against the Rohingya Muslim minority, this book will be of interest to students and researchers of Myanmar politics, Southeast Asian politics, Asian politics, Political Science more generally, Postcolonial Studies, Cultural Studies and Leadership Studies.
International audience ; SMEs are the backbone of any economy (Eggers, 2020). Thus, when the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, the entire economy was put at risk and SMEs were hit hard.The first figures seem to be alarming, but the prospects for emerging from this vortex remain optimistic. At the end of 2020, more than 95% of Moroccan SMEs have been able to maintain their activity (HCP, 2021), many of which have shown resilience and agility and have been able to overcome the devastating effects of the crisis.Our research aims, then, to study the key determinants explaining the success of Moroccan SMEs in times of health and economic crisis COVID-19 by focusing on three main dimensions: the environment, the entrepreneur and the resources mobilized.To this end, we conducted a qualitative study through individual semi-directive interviews with a simple random sample of 20 entrepreneurs operating in the Rabat-Salé-Kenitra region.The results obtained showed that although the Moroccan government has developed a wide range of support measures for SMEs, the majority of the entrepreneurs considered that the success of their business is mainly due to endogenous factors related to their commitment, their motivation and the resources at their disposal, and secondarily, to exogenous factors related to the characteristics of the context and the opportunities offered by the environment in which they operate.
International audience ; Since the 2000s, workplace democracy has become the vehicle of a new political imagination that may offer an alternative to the excesses of capitalist globalization. However historical and sociological research has regularly highlighted difficulties of establishing democratic structures in the workplace. What happens when a trade-union becomes the main actor of this democratization? Underlining the strong bureaucratization of the trade union field, studies on trade unionism seem to predict low potentials. The case of a cooperative takeover of a French company by the CGT union in the early 2010s gives us the opportunity to verify this claim empirically. The examination of the transformation of this printing company into a worker cooperative leads to two main results: firstly, we will see that while trade union bureaucratization allows the takeover of the companythanks to trained and professionalized organizersit also constitutes an obstacle when setting up the main cooperative schemes, as shown by the lack of participation in general meetings. In a second phase, however, it will be seen that trade unionism produces its own participatory mechanisms: by placing members from each sector on the board of directorsfrom the reception to the printing presses and the sales departmentthe union sets up a "sociological democratization" which has important effects on the functioning of the enterprise: the cooperative thus creates a continuum of interactions and the possibility to contest which constitute "worker control" over the new management.
