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International audience ; Review Article Duijzings, Ger. *Religion and the politics of identity in Kosovo*. London: Hurst & New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. Trix, Frances. *Spiritual discourse: learning with an Islamic master*. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (Conduct and Communication Series), 1993.

The Ethnographic Museum "Juan B. Ambrosetti" was affected by the interventions of the national universities of the dictatorial governments between 1930 and 1983. After the democratic return, the Directorate of JA Pérez Gollán and M. Dujovne began an institutional transformation in light of debates about the role of anthropology museums. His project spread twenty-four years ago in Runa influences, even today, the development of various lines of work. The exhibition "Challenging silence: indigenous peoples and dictatorship", inaugurated forty years after the last coup d'état, is the result of this process of change.As part of the work team that developed it, we propose to reflect on this exhibition in light of the conceptual and museum transformations proposed in that Project. And we ask ourselves how to reflect on state violence, resistance, absences, silences and demands for justice in a university museum of anthropology? ; El Museo Etnográfico "Juan B. Ambrosetti" fue afectado por las intervenciones de las universidades nacionales de los gobiernos dictatoriales entre 1930 y 1983. Tras el retorno democrático, la Dirección de J. A. Pérez Gollán y M. Dujovne inició una transformación institucional a la luz de los debates sobre el rol de los museos de antropología. Su Proyecto difundido hace veinticuatro años en la Revista Runa influye, aún hoy, en el desarrollo de diversas líneas de trabajo. La exhibición "Desafiando al silencio: pueblos indígenas y dictadura", inaugurada a cuarenta años del último golpe de estado, es resultado de este proceso de cambios.Como parte del equipo que la llevó adelante, nos proponemos reflexionar sobre esta exhibición a la luz de las transformaciones conceptuales y museográficas propuestas en aquel Proyecto. Y nos preguntamos ¿cómo reflexionar sobre la violencia del estado, las resistencias, las ausencias, los silencios y las demandas de justicia en un museo universitario de antropología? ; O Museu Etnográfico "Juan B. Ambrosetti" foi afetado pelas intervenções das universidades nacionais dos governos ditatoriais entre 1930 e 1983. Após o retorno democrático, a Diretoria de JA Pérez Gollán e M. Dujovne iniciaram uma transformação institucional à luz dos debates sobre o papel dos museus de antropologia. Seu projeto difundido há vinte e quatro anos na Revista Runa influencia, ainda hoje, o desenvolvimento de diversas linhas de trabalho. A exposição "Silêncio desafiador: povos indígenas e ditadura", inaugurada quarenta anos após o último golpe, é o resultado desse processo de mudança.Como parte da time que a realizou, propomos-nos a refletir sobre esta exposição à luz das transformações conceituais e museográficas propostas naquele Projeto. E nos perguntamos como refletir sobre a violência do Estado, as resistências, as ausências, os silêncios e as demandas por justiça em um museu universitário de antropologia?

The knowledge systems and practices of Indigenous Peoples and local communities play critical roles in safeguarding the biological and cultural diversity of our planet. Globalization, government policies, capitalism, colonialism, and other rapid social-ecological changes threaten the relationships between Indigenous Peoples and local communities and their environments, thereby challenging the continuity and dynamism of Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK). In this article, we contribute to the "World Scientists' Warning to Humanity," issued by the Alliance of World Scientists, by exploring opportunities for sustaining ILK systems on behalf of the future stewardship of our planet. Our warning raises the alarm about the pervasive and ubiquitous erosion of knowledge and practice and the social and ecological consequences of this erosion. While ILK systems can be adaptable and resilient, the foundations of these knowledge systems are compromised by ongoing suppression, misrepresentation, appropriation, assimilation, disconnection, and destruction of biocultural heritage. Three case studies illustrate these processes and how protecting ILK is central to biocultural conservation. We conclude with 15 recommendations that call for the recognition and support of Indigenous Peoples and local communities and their knowledge systems. Enacting these recommendations will entail a transformative and sustained shift in how ILK systems, their knowledge holders, and their multiple expressions in lands and waters are recognized, affirmed, and valued. We appeal for urgent action to support the efforts of Indigenous Peoples and local communities around the world to maintain their knowledge systems, languages, stewardship rights, ties to lands and waters, and the biocultural integrity of their territories—on which we all depend. ; Peer reviewed

This ethnography examines changing relationships between government and business through the emergence of a booming museum industry in developing, postsocialist China. Some sources estimate that in China a new museum opens every three days. Most new museums are built by local governments with public money, and they have become big business for privately held small museum production companies. This new industry provides services in researching museum content, curating collections, producing artifact replicas, designing exhibits, and constructing interiors. Building on studies of how state power is reproduced in the halls of public museums, this dissertation examines how political ideology intersects with small business concerns and design practices to shape new displays of Chinese history and culture in public space. This ethnography is based on participant observation conducted between 2011 and 2014 with one of the new museum production companies. It also draws on interviews with local officials and industry participants; visual analysis of museums of local history, ecology, industry, and urban planning; and analysis of news media and law concerning museums, cultural heritage, and corruption between state and industry. Models of development and postsocialist privatization frame the entanglement of state and industry as not yet modern. This dissertation examines the use of development models to measure China's progress as a practice of modeling that echoes other practices of modeling, including the creation of museum scale models, the crafting of artifact replicas, and the design of museum exhibits that reference and recycle earlier designs. It argues that public and private, real and fake, original and copy are plastic categories that become meaningful as they are reshaped by everyday practices of governance, business, and design.

Drawing on the sociology of Max Weber, Barbara Thériault investigates today's relations toward difference within German police forces. Accompanying and interviewing police officers whose job it is to contribute to the acknowledgement of difference, the sociologist outlines three ideal types of actors - an empathetic, a principled, and an opportunist one - and the motives underlying their actions. A fourth type, the specialist, is conspicuously absent. Why is that so? Solving this enigma helps depicting the relations to difference within police forces: it points to a specific »spirit« of diversity and a singular way to apprehend the individual in Germany.

Academic literature rarely gives an account of the ethical and emotional challenges the researcher is confronted with before, during and after being in the field. Nonetheless, they deserve proper attention, to help fathom the inevitable bias in the researchers' position in the field and to assess the quality of the research findings. In addition, they can show that the fȧade of 'scientific validity and neutrality' often hides a pragmatic approach that shapes the research process. Presenting their personal accounts, a variety of researchers who have done field research in the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa explore the challenges faced when engaging in local-level research in difficult situations.

The series as a whole recognises that the nature of ethnography is contested, and takes this to be a sign of its strength and vitality. This second volume in the series focuses on debates and developments in methodology and the many ways in which ethnographic work interacts with education. The contributions to this volume are diverse and challenging. They indicate that ethnography is a rich field that has much to offer the study of education. Particular chapters are concerned with access to research sites, critical ethnography, text construction, dilemmas of researching different ethnic groups and or researching children, the influence of the researcher, writing ethnography, ethno-drama, and the concept of triangulation.

Cosmopolitanism is currently one of the most prominent topics in the social sciences and humanities, and a key concept for understanding globalization. This collection of essays, featuring a line-up of leading international scholars, argues that most work on cosmopolitanism uses a normative model, rather than fully interrogating the issue empirically, comparatively and globally. Thisambitious and ground-breakingcollectionwill push the boundaries of the debate on cosmopolitanism into new areas, opening up new lines of inquiry and analysis that will have an impact on the study of globalization and global process for years to come.

This dissertation examines how Tuareg people in Niger use music to reckon with their increasing but incomplete entanglement in global neoliberal capitalism. I argue that a variety of social actors—Tuareg musicians, fans, festival organizers, and government officials, as well as music producers from Europe and North America—have come to regard Tuareg music as a resource by which to realize economic, political, and other social ambitions. Such treatment of culture-as-resource is intimately linked to the global expansion of neoliberal capitalism, which has led individual and collective subjects around the world to take on a more entrepreneurial nature by exploiting representations of their identities for a variety of ends. While Tuareg collective identity has strongly been tied to an economy of pastoralism and caravan trade, the contemporary moment demands a reimagining of what it means to be, and to survive as, Tuareg. Since the 1970s, cycles of drought, entrenched poverty, and periodic conflicts have pushed more and more Tuaregs to pursue wage labor in cities across northwestern Africa or to work as trans-Saharan smugglers; meanwhile, tourism expanded from the 1980s into one of the region's biggest industries by drawing on pastoralist skills while capitalizing on strategic essentialisms of Tuareg culture and identity. These developments engendered novel cultural production, including several new festivals across the Sahel-Sahara and a guitar musical style that has evolved from protest anthems into popular songs. This dissertation draws on over fifteen months of ethnographic research in Niger, Mali, and the United States—grounded in participant observation, audiovisual recording, consultation of archived materials, social media engagement, and interviews—to demonstrate how a variety of stakeholders produce, manage, and curate Tuareg music as a resource in order to produce diverse forms of value and to create meaning.

How can we map differing perceptions of the living environment? 'Mapping the Unmappable?' explores the potential of cartography to communicate the relations of Africa's indigenous peoples with other human and non-human actors within their environments. These relations transcend Western dichotomies such as culture-nature, human-animal, natural-supernatural. The volume brings two strands of research - cartography and "relational" anthropology - into a closer dialogue. It provides case studies in Africa as well as lessons to be learned from other continents (e.g. North America, Asia and Australia). The contributors create a deepened understanding of indigenous ontologies for a further decolonization of maps, and thus advance current debates in the social sciences.

Die Schnellinformation gibt jeweils kurz kommentiert die Ergebnisse einer 1984 durchgeführten Befragung von 1.820 Schülern, Studenten, Lehrlingen und jungen Berufstätigen (Durchschnittsalter: 20 Jahre, 93 Prozent sind Mitglieder der FDJ) wieder, die sich auf folgende Themen bezog: "Kulturelles Leben in der FDJ-Gruppe", Beteiligung an Veranstaltungen, Sport, Diskussionen und gemeinsamen Besuchen in Theater, Kino, Galerien usw., Meinungen und Einschätzungen. Als besonders beliebte Freizeittätigkeiten wurden genannt: Tanzveranstaltungen, Rockmusik, Kino, Romane, Sport; am wenigsten beliebt waren: künstlerische Betätigung, Jugendklubbesuche, Kunstausstellungen und politische Weiterbildung. (psz)

As American Indian tribes across North America have continued to pursue the strengthening of tribal sovereignty, non-Indians increasingly engage in the activities and negotiations entailed in tribal revitalization. This dissertation examines the diachronic and synchronic aspects of the dynamic relations between revitalizing native nations and their neighboring non-Indian communities in Inland Southern California, home to the densest concentration of American Indian Reservations in the United States. First, this dissertation examines the historical relations between these native nations and settlers in order to demonstrate how tribal strategies for survival and self-determination underpinned both the economic development of Southern California as well as contemporary tribal revitalization across North America. I draw on ethnohistoric, archaeological and linguistic evidence to illustrate how Serrano and Cahuilla nations provided labor, knowledge and other resources vital for the agricultural and mining industries that fueled the growth of Southern California. I find that the labor that the Serrano and Cahuilla supplied to settlers also provided these native nations with the economic resources necessary to launch successful campaigns to revitalize their sovereignty, including their foundational roles in the emergence of the Indian casino movement. Then I employ ethnographic, documentary and consensus analyses to examine the advent and impacts of Indian casinos, through which these tribes began to play increasing roles in their neighboring communities, leading to their increased political and economic prominence and visibility. With this increasing prominence and visibility new interpretations of tribal communities emerged, including those disseminated by tribes, their supporters, and their political and economic challengers. Some of these, such as the framing of tribes as corporations, are novel interpretations of tribal identity; however, they increasingly inform political and legal decisions. By documenting the co-variation of tribal political and economic roles and with emerging cultural models of tribes, I demonstrate how tribal actions and revitalization have continuously changed the way settlers think about tribes, and transformed the disposition of tribes in local and national culture and politics.

'Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Überprüfung von Kulturstandards wie sie auf der Basis mehrerer längerer Feldforschungen in Südafrika erhoben worden sind. Das Datenmaterial wurde mit Hilfe der Instrumente 'fokussierte Interviews', 'narrative Interviews' und 'teilnehmender Beobachtung' gesammelt. Als Informanten standen Angehörige der repräsentativen Bevölkerungsgruppen in Südafrika zur Verfügung, sowie Europäer, zumeist Deutsche, die als Fachkräfte, Experten oder Manager in Südafrika tätig sind. Die aus einer breiten Datenbasis heraus destillierten Kulturstandards gelten ihrerseits als Voraussetzung, praxeologisch orientierte und kulturspezifisch fundierte interkulturelle Trainings zu entwerfen. Hier schließt sich eine Lücke zwischen den Ergebnissen methodisch kontrollierter Feldforschung und der Umsetzung in selbstgesteuerte Lernprozesse, die auf Grund von angebotenen kulturspezifischen Lernprogrammen erfolgen können. So kann die Zielgruppe der Trainees selbstkritisch überprüfen, in welchem Grade ein interkultureller Kompetenzzuwachs feststellbar ist. Die auf der Basis der interkulturellen Didaktik entwickelten Lernschritte des Trainings führen die Lerner in ihrem eigenen Takt methodisch kontrolliert zum Ziel, nämlich südafrikanische handlungs- und verhaltensrelevante Orientierungen kennen zu lernen und zu verstehen.' (Autorenreferat)

Civet coffee, or kopi luwak as it is called in Indonesian, consists of coffee beans retrieved from the feces of civets, or cat-like, omnivorous, arboreal, nocturnal mammals. These beans are washed, processed much like any other coffee, and marketed as a luxury good. This dissertation describes the development of the civet coffee industry within the context of the broader coffee industry in Indonesia, and examines the unique relationships that are being formed between humans, civets, and coffee trees. This dissertation is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted over 15 months with civet coffee producers, coffee farmers, coffee agents, cafe owners, agricultural scientists, barista communities, and representatives from various government regulatory bodies across Indonesia. Through an analysis of the production of an excremental commodity, this dissertation traces the articulation of forms of purity and cleanliness in a particular place and time. It describes how civets and coffee trees have been discussed as natural resources, and how the development and regulation of the industry reflects particular ideas about what nature is and isn't, and what is and isn't part of nature. By tracking understandings of purity, cleanliness, and ideas about nature, this dissertation illustrates how cultural concepts that are frequently treated as having stable, consistent meaning actually mean different things for different communities. This dissertation is about the production of meaning within dynamic, changing sets of relations. But it is also about the materiality of coffee, civets, and farming communities, as they are involved in worlding and world-making projects that influence not just what it means to be a civet, a coffee tree, or a farmer; they influence what it is to be these things. Through this study of how civets, coffee trees, and Indonesian farmers are entangled in processes of co-producing each other, I argue for the continued re-evaluation of boundaries and boundedness. This dissertation presents messy stories of decomposition, erosion, instability, and vulnerability to challenge all-too-orderly depictions of the world and all-too-precise theories that privilege modernist sensibilities for coherence, boundaries, and stability in a world that is otherwise.