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This introductory article reflects research perspectives central to the study of governmental and administrative coordination. The article studies early contributions in organization and decision theory, the political planning debate, studies in policy analysis and discussions in research related to the European Union by addressing their respective contributions to the study of coordination. In particular, the article studies the explanatory factors identified in the varying strands of research for problems of coordination. It is shown that the disparate strands of research identify rather similar factors accounting for coordination problems: Organizational self-interests, prevailing selective perceptions and costs of coordination are widely discussed as hampering coordination in government and administration. Adapted from the source document.

The transition from the FHC to the Lula administration produced an epochal change within the power bloc. Large-scale international financial capital lost power, while the internal grande bourgeoisie ascended politically because of a policy-oriented broad-front approach that included even the popular classes. The Lula and Dilma governments did not break with the neoliberal model for capitalism, but because they represented a particular fraction of the capitalist class and because they owed their support to particular classes they introduced major changes in the economic policy, the political orientation, and the international performance of the Brazilian state. Na passagem da era FHC para a era Lula, ocorreu uma mudança no interior do bloco no poder: o grande capital financeiro internacional perdeu força e a grande burguesia interna brasileira ascendeu politicamente, apoiando-se numa ampla frente política que abarca, inclusive, classes populares. Os governos Lula e Dilma não romperam com o modelo de capitalista neoliberal, mas introduziram, em decorrência da fração da classe capitalista que representam e em decorrência também das classes nas quais se apoiam, mudanças importantes na economia, na política e na atuação internacional do Estado brasileiro.

Within the framework of this seminar, it has been my responsibility to address the constitutional recognition of indigenous peoples (with special reference to the consequences that this can generate in terms of government and internal administration). This theme is, today, the obligatory content of future projects of constitutional reform or of a new Fundamental Charter. ; En el marco de este seminario me ha correspondido abordar el reconocimiento constitucional de los pueblos indígenas (con especial referencia a las consecuencias que ello puede generar en cuanto al gobierno y administración interior). Esta temática es, hoy por hoy, contenido obligado de futuros proyectos de reforma constitucional o de una nueva Carta Fundamental.

Центральным элементом системы эффективного регулирования государственного управления в развитых странах является институт оценки регулирующего воздействия (ОРВ), основанный на анализе проблем и целей государственного регулирования, определении возможных вариантов достижения целей, а также оценке связанных с ними позитивных и негативных эффектов с целью выбора наиболее эффективного варианта в соответствии со специально установленными процедурами. ; The central element of effective regulation of public administration in developed countries is the institution of the regulatory impact assessment, based on the analysis of problems and goals of government regulation, identifying options to achieve the objectives as well as an assessment of its positive and negative effects in order to select the most effective option in accordance with special procedures.

На основе статистических данных и результатов социологических исследований по России и по Республике Мордовия анализируется реальное участие женщин в органах власти и управления, отношение населения к необходимости социально-политической активности женщин, устанавливаются факторы, оказывающие влияние на участие женщин в политике, выявляются показатели, определяющие ответы респондентов. ; Basing on the analysis of statistical data and results of sociological research on Russia and the Republic of Mordovia the real participation of women in government and administration is analyzed, as well as the attitude of the population to the need for socio-political activity of women and the factors influencing participation of women in politics; the indicators determining the respondents' answers are identified.

Центральным элементом системы эффективного регулирования государственного управления в развитых странах является институт оценки регулирующего воздействия (ОРВ), основанный на анализе проблем и целей государственного регулирования, определении возможных вариантов достижения целей, а также оценке связанных с ними позитивных и негативных эффектов с целью выбора наиболее эффективного варианта в соответствии со специально установленными процедурами. ; The central element of effective regulation of public administration in developed countries is the institution of the regulatory impact assessment, based on the analysis of problems and goals of government regulation, identifying options to achieve the objectives as well as an assessment of its positive and negative effects in order to select the most effective option in accordance with special procedures.

Рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с процессом разработки решений, принимаемых в органах государственного и муниципального управления, описываются этапы процесса разработки управленческих решений, предлагается типовая схема подготовки распорядительного документа, обозначаются основные требования к тексту распорядительных документов, формулируются особенности управленческих решений для органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления. ; In article the questions connected with process of development of decisions, made in bodies of the public and municipal administration are considered, stages of process of development of administrative decisions are described, the standard scheme of preparation of the administrative document is offered, the main requirements to the text of administrative documents are designated, features of administrative decisions for public authorities and local government are formulated.

Рассмотрены вопросы толкования положений Конституции Республики Казахстан. Проанализированы характерные особенности функционирования органов государственного управления и местного самоуправления. На основе проведенного исследования доказывается, что в целом местным представительным органам представляется довольно широкий круг полномочий, тем не менее, на практике они не являются действенным инструментом местного управления.The present article involves the examination of the interpretation of the constitutional provisions concerning the Republic of Kazakhstan. Thereby, the defining characteristics of local government and state administration bodies functioning were analyzed. In terms of the carried out research the author proves, that generally the regional representative bodies are vested with large powers, nevertheless, practically they fail to be an efficient tool of the local authorities.

В статье на основе анализа социально-экономической обстановки в городе Волгограде в 1990–2000 гг. дается характеристика особенностей муниципального политического лидерства. Доказывается его зависимость от вышестоящих органов государственной власти и финансовых институтов. Автор обосновывает вывод о том, что на территории городского округа осуществляется государственное управление вместо заявленного местного самоуправления. ; The article is about municipal political leadership in the city of Volgograd. Political Leadership in Volgograd is observed by analysis of social and economic situation in the city in 1990-2000. The author proves a conclusion that political leadership depends on higher government and financial institutions. Also the author explains that in fact there is state administration instead real municipal management in the city.

AbstractIn 1976, the US Congress halted arms sales to Chile. This paper examines the congressional debate over arms sales to Chile and the political and military consequences of the action. Recent scholarship has largely overlooked the embargo and its implications for regional security dynamics in South America. Initially US sanctions increased Chile's diplomatic isolation and military vulnerability, which made regional conflict more likely. However, Chile's ability to surmount the effects of the embargo eventually increased Augusto Pinochet's independence vis-à-vis Washington. When the Reagan administration began pushing for a transition to democracy, it lacked two key instruments for influencing a military government: weapons sales and security assistance.

Peruvian political dynamics has often been characterized as an enduring continuity. The political and economic regimes, as well as the factors that conditioned them, show a stable pattern: governability as the result of a low-intensity equilibrium based on weak Executives and oppositions that lack linkages with social movements. Therefore, different governments -pro-establishment or reformist-, including current Ollanta Humala's, got "trapped by History". An "automatic pilot" mode is privileged in the administration of efficient (economy, international relations) and inefficient sectors (public security). However, recent institutional changes (focused on the technocracy of social programs) can be seen as indicators of a more popular version of this model of governability. Adapted from the source document.

Соблюдение прав человека рассмотрено как детерминанта, определяющая эффективность деятельности органов государственного управления, связанного с концепцией прав человека различными формами функциональных, статистических, причинно-следственных и иных связей. Классификация прав человека обуславливает структуру, меру и степень взаимосвязей прав человека как социального института с государственным управлением. ; The maintainance of human rights is considered as a determinant identifying effectiveness of the activity of the state government bodies, connected with the concept of human rights by various forms of functional, statistical, causal and other ties. The classification of human rights determines the structure, the measure and the degree of the interrelationship of human rights as a social institution, and the public administration.

Transfer of motor vehicle tax to the local tax is expected to increase capacity to complete theneeds of local and regional spending and order to effective the administration and services.The research was conducted to determine the transfer system of motor vehicle tax to localtax. Objects in this research is the Department of Revenue.Data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The data used in report prepared by theMinistry of Finance of the Republic Indonesia. These results show that system of the motorvehicle tax is running well. The central government has had the concept and the steps thathave been planned and implemented in a consistent and sustainable.Keywords: Local tax, The transfer system of motor vehicle tax

Рассматривается содержание исследования особенностей социального развития детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья, разработаны предложения к выделению уровней социально-личностного развития ребенка, выделены методологические основы формирования у дошкольников предпосылок к успешной социальной адаптации и интеграции в социуме в условиях введения Федеральных государственных требований к структуре основной общеобразовательной программы дошкольного образования. ; Examine the contents of the study characteristics of the social development of children with disabilities, developed levels of social and personal development of the child are highlighted methodological framework aimed at developing preschoolers prerequisites for successful social adaptation and integration in the society in terms of administration of federal government requirements for the basic structure of the pre-school program education.