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"The policy and practice of the Youth Justice System of England and Wales has become dominated by risk-focused, offender-first approaches underpinned by the deterministic, reductionist and psychosocially-biased risk factor prevention paradigm. Using the All Wales Youth Offending Strategy and the evaluation of the Welsh Assembly Government's 'Extending Entitlement' youth inclusion strategy as its touchstones, this paper explores a rights- and entitlements-based, children first model of working with young people. This model critiques the management of risks and the purported 'common aetiology' of negative and positive behaviours/ outcomes and evidences the potential advantages of pursuing a proactive, inclusionary, children first, children's rights agenda when seeking to reduce youth offending." [author's abstract]

AbstractIncorporating the social differentiations of gender, race, disability, sexual orientation, religion or belief, and age into UK equal opportunities and diversity legislation involved creating a new single equality body for Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales). This paper assesses the efficacy of an Equality and Diversity Mainstreaming approach established in Northern Ireland (NI) for this new agency. It also stresses the potential value of "intersectionality" to further policy planning and development. It is argued that the combination of the NI model underpinned by the concept of intersectionality could offer a way forward for the new agency where, importantly, the issue of gender remains one of the most important axes of domination. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cross-border people mobility has long been seen as a promising method to promote European integration. In this article, I test the premise that the ERASMUS student experience abroad and direct interpersonal contact promote a European identity. The results draw from a two-wave longitudinal survey on two samples of ERASMUS students who studied in continental Europe and England, respectively. Although studying abroad led to increased socializing with other Europeans, contact with host country students remained limited. The paired sample t-tests reveal that ERASMUS does not strengthen students' European identity; on the contrary, it can have an adverse effect on it. Nevertheless, the regression analyses show that increased socializing with Europeans has a positive, though modest, impact on European identity.

This article offers an analysis of 28 lay accounts of the experience of living with either food allergy or food intolerance in England. We structure the presentation of our data in terms of Mike Bury's three types of narrative form — contingent, moral and core. We suggest that people with food allergies at risk of acute, severe and potentially fatal symptoms on exposure to allergens find their condition to be less socially problematic than do those who suffer intolerances to certain foods, which can result in chronic, but not life-threatening, symptoms. Drawing on the extant literatures on the sociology of food and eating we propose a conceptualization in relation to notions of identity, anomie and communality that attempts to make sense of this finding.

Background: In 2008, mental health units in England went smoke-free by law. This study explores inpatients' experience with a smoke-free policy, their smoking behaviour, dependence, withdrawal and related issues. Material: Semi-structured interviews in a criterion sample of 15 inpatient smokers. Discussion: Patients generally approved of the smoke-free policy, provided they could smoke outside. Most participants had changed their smoking behaviour following admission. Most had little knowledge of nicotine dependence, reported a lack of structured support for smoking cessation, and a general interest in this being made available. Nicotine dependence was reportedly lower in the ward than in the home setting. Conclusions: More structured support is needed to ensure that opportunities for health promotion in a vulnerable population are not being missed.

This paper focuses on a hitherto unstudied segment of the broad 'third sector': organisations and groupings that aim to build bridges (that is, increase interpersonal contacts) between people of different faiths and/or ethnic group. We draw on the findings of an empirical study, conducted in three diverse urban areas of England, of community-level projects with bridge building as an explicit aim. We describe the characteristics of bridge-building activities and the challenges they face; both the organisational challenges and those that arise from the nature of bridge building itself. We conclude by exploring the implications of our findings for an understanding of the third sector generally and for the potential role of the sector in responding to our diverse society.

Secret marriages and cases that reached the Church courts show that there was a social tension in the society, as marriage was also a social fact affected by family, financial and feudal aspects. Therefore, in reality, the choice by people, especially by women, was not free. In real life, marriages were still formed for economic, social, even military reasons. Marriage consent rules developed into an entire section of the contract law, they were not only the foundation of the contemporary matrimonial law, but also produced certain fundamental elements of the contract law, namely the notion of free will and related notions of an error, coercion and deceit. The Christian matrimonial law that was formed in the Middle Ages existed in the Western Europe until the Reformation in the 16th century, in England even longer.

Secret marriages and cases that reached the Church courts show that there was a social tension in the society, as marriage was also a social fact affected by family, financial and feudal aspects. Therefore, in reality, the choice by people, especially by women, was not free. In real life, marriages were still formed for economic, social, even military reasons. Marriage consent rules developed into an entire section of the contract law, they were not only the foundation of the contemporary matrimonial law, but also produced certain fundamental elements of the contract law, namely the notion of free will and related notions of an error, coercion and deceit. The Christian matrimonial law that was formed in the Middle Ages existed in the Western Europe until the Reformation in the 16th century, in England even longer.

Secret marriages and cases that reached the Church courts show that there was a social tension in the society, as marriage was also a social fact affected by family, financial and feudal aspects. Therefore, in reality, the choice by people, especially by women, was not free. In real life, marriages were still formed for economic, social, even military reasons. Marriage consent rules developed into an entire section of the contract law, they were not only the foundation of the contemporary matrimonial law, but also produced certain fundamental elements of the contract law, namely the notion of free will and related notions of an error, coercion and deceit. The Christian matrimonial law that was formed in the Middle Ages existed in the Western Europe until the Reformation in the 16th century, in England even longer.

The value of research to society depends not only on its intrinsic quality but also on topic selection. Because it is difficult to assess objectively the value of topic selection, research funders develop transparent processes for research needs assessment and prioritisation. In this paper, these processes are analysed for one publicly funded research commissioner in England, paying attention to the positioning of the programme within national institutions and with discussion of some historical antecedents. The dynamics between interest groups with a stake in the programme are identified. Different strategies for balancing stakeholder interests are described and their relative merits discussed. The conclusion is that no one strategy can be effective in isolation and a mixed approach is needed.

Secret marriages and cases that reached the Church courts show that there was a social tension in the society, as marriage was also a social fact affected by family, financial and feudal aspects. Therefore, in reality, the choice by people, especially by women, was not free. In real life, marriages were still formed for economic, social, even military reasons. Marriage consent rules developed into an entire section of the contract law, they were not only the foundation of the contemporary matrimonial law, but also produced certain fundamental elements of the contract law, namely the notion of free will and related notions of an error, coercion and deceit. The Christian matrimonial law that was formed in the Middle Ages existed in the Western Europe until the Reformation in the 16th century, in England even longer.

Back in April 2006 (vol. 3, no. 2) we published papers on the theme of misuse of alcohol by young people, 3 years after the UK government had introduced the option of 24-hour drinking. The British Medical Association (BMA) subsequently recommended that there should be a programme of research to examine the consequences of this change to our drinking culture. In 2008, it reported on current trends in alcohol misuse (BMA Board of Science, 2008). An appendix to that report summarises the different alcohol control strategies pursued by the governments of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland in the past few years. These are outlined in the document Safe. Sensible. Social. The Next Steps in the National Alcohol Strategy (HM Government, 2007).

This article examines the relationship between the characterisation of and response to anti-social behaviour issues in areas of high ethnic diversity and emerging 'post-multicultural' policies of integration, cohesion and citizenship. It draws on a small study of the views and perceptions of members of local community safety and anti-social behaviour teams in three areas of England with very ethnically diverse populations. The analysis distinguishes between responses to ASB issues within 'settled' minority communities, among young people from those communities and within the 'new' immigrant communities. While these responses vary, the article argues that each can be seen as supporting national policy goals of community cohesion and responsible citizenship based on the assertion of 'shared values'.

Amy Schlitz's book Good Masters! Sweet Ladies! set in 1255 England is an extraordinary children's book that explores life in a medieval village. This is not your typical storybook and is not to be read in the typical fashion. As we learn from the forward, the author—a school librarian—wrote it with the intention that a group of students studying medieval history would put on a dramatization of the book. Because she did not want a couple of students to have the lead roles and the rest to have minor ones, she wrote it as a series of 23 monologues that intertwine. This lesson plan provides background information on the book and suggestions on how to use it.