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Shipping list no.: 2001-0057-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; "Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations." ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Despite appreciating the importance of bridging–or perhaps because of it–we must also appreciate the challenges of any micro‐macro interplay. Many psychological scientists work on social issues precisely because we are frustrated by the untested and often untenable psychological assumptions made by more macro social and economic sciences. At the psychological level of analysis, the array of approaches here to the social psychology of the Great Recession suggests a full agenda. The articles use quite a varied set of methods and forms of inequality, but these do not exhaust the possibilities for future work.

Governments at central and sub-national levels are increasingly pursuing participatory mechanisms in a bid to improve governance and service delivery. This has been largely in the context of decentralization reforms in which central governments transfer (share) political, administrative, fiscal and economic powers and functions to sub-national units. Despite the great international support and advocacy for participatory governance where citizen's voice plays a key role in decision making of decentralized service delivery, there is a notable dearth of empirical evidence as to the effect of such participation. This is the question this study sought to answer based on a case study of direct citizen participation in Local Authorities (LAs) in Kenya. This is as formally provided for by the Local Authority Service Delivery Action Plan (LASDAP) framework that was established to ensure citizens play a central role in planning and budgeting, implementation and monitoring of locally identified services towards improving livelihoods and reducing poverty. Influence of participation was assessed in terms of how it affected five key determinants of effective service delivery namely: efficient allocation of resources; equity in service delivery; accountability and reduction of corruption; quality of services; and, cost recovery. It finds that the participation of citizens is minimal and the resulting influence on the decentralized service delivery negligible. It concludes that despite the dismal performance of citizen participation, LASDAP has played a key role towards institutionalizing citizen participation that future structures will build on. It recommends that an effective framework of citizen participation should be one that is not directly linked to politicians; one that is founded on a legal framework and where citizens have a legal recourse opportunity; and, one that obliges LA officials both to implement what citizen's proposals which meet the set criteria as well as to account for their actions in the management of public resources.

Governments at central and sub-national levels are increasingly pursuing participatory mechanisms in a bid to improve governance and service delivery. This has been largely in the context of decentralization reforms in which central governments transfer (share) political, administrative, fiscal and economic powers and functions to sub-national units. Despite the great international support and advocacy for participatory governance where citizen's voice plays a key role in decision making of decentralized service delivery, there is a notable dearth of empirical evidence as to the effect of such participation. This is the question this study sought to answer based on a case study of direct citizen participation in Local Authorities (LAs) in Kenya. This is as formally provided for by the Local Authority Service Delivery Action Plan (LASDAP) framework that was established to ensure citizens play a central role in planning and budgeting, implementation and monitoring of locally identified services towards improving livelihoods and reducing poverty. Influence of participation was assessed in terms of how it affected five key determinants of effective service delivery namely: efficient allocation of resources; equity in service delivery; accountability and reduction of corruption; quality of services; and, cost recovery. It finds that the participation of citizens is minimal and the resulting influence on the decentralized service delivery negligible. It concludes that despite the dismal performance of citizen participation, LASDAP has played a key role towards institutionalizing citizen participation that future structures will build on. It recommends that an effective framework of citizen participation should be one that is not directly linked to politicians; one that is founded on a legal framework and where citizens have a legal recourse opportunity; and, one that obliges LA officials both to implement what citizen's proposals which meet the set criteria as well as to account for their actions in the management of public resources.

The aim in doing this research was to identify whether or not family religiosity is protective against adolescent substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs) according to selected religious preferences. A cross-sectional survey of students ages 17–35 years in college undergraduate
general education classes at three large schools in Utah, May–July, 2003 revealed that the highest use of tobacco smoking and marijuana or other illicit drug use was among those with no religious preference. Catholics had the highest level of alcohol drinking during adolescence. The
lowest use of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs was among Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormons). Family church attendance and religiosity among parents during the participants' adolescent years were both significantly protective against substance use in LDS but not among those of other
religions or in those with no religious preference. LDS were most likely to agree that they chose to abstain or quit using tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs during their adolescent years because such behavior was inconsistent with their religious beliefs. LDS were also more likely to agree
that current substance use was inconsistent with their religion, thus family weekly church attendance and parental religiosity during the participants' adolescent years were associated with lower substance use among LDS.

The given article is devoted to the features of developing separate kinds of disciplinary liability in the period of new economic policy. Some features of legislative registration of a disciplinary responsibility in days of new economic policy and also during the specified period are analyzed. There was a formation of separate types of this responsibility: disciplinary responsibility on internal regulations, disciplinary responsibility on subordination and disciplinary responsibility of employees, according to the statutes on discipline and special provisions as a special type of disciplinary responsibility on subordination. The features of legal regulation of disciplinary responsibility, considered in article, were of great importance in further development of institute of a disciplinary liability and the legislation on a disciplinary liability.The purpose of the given article is to comprehend the process of disciplinary liability institute's development on the basis of new achievements of legal science. Method or methodology of the work: modern methods of learning, special historical, comparative and legal methods were used. Results: scientific analysis of theoretical, historical and legal sources, determining the peculiarity and the content of disciplinary liability institute. Application of results: conclusions achieved as a result of scientific research can find practical application in law-making activities of governmental institutions.

The dissertation presents an analysis of the social representations of nanotechnology in the various local (cultural) contexts of their medialisation and studies the relationship which exists between metaphorical structures and the evolution of nanotechnology controversies. The relationship depends on multiple contexts—social, political, cultural, and epistemic—where both actors (agents) and structures must to be taken into consideration to give an account of particular events and trajectories of mattering. Metaphors affect, in particular, imaginaries of the nanoscale and future expectations of benefits and risks, and they also provide a semantic link to narrative elements and storytelling. They have proved to be both supportive and restrictive to the development of nanotechnology. The data used in this study ranges between the years 1999 and 2015, using approx. two thousand articles from Web of Science, the European Commission (CORDIS), and Czech, French, and British national (print) media. By integrating two analytical approaches, metaphor-in-discourse and the 'actantial' model of narrative, the analysis focuses on matters of concern and related metaphorical patterns and structures. Accordingly, the study is followed by a critical approach to the implications of metaphor use and related transformations linked to the dynamic of discourse and nanotechnology development. The case studies reveal that metaphors have three capacities: activating, generative, and organisational. These are based on metaphorical concepts linked to narrative structures and discursive formations. The relationship between metaphor and nanotechnology is isomorphic and made of paradox. Metaphors create protected spaces for technology development, but they also represent a genuine resource to be exploited by inserting ambiguity into the social processes. In conclusion, the metaphor capacities and biases, sociotechnical convergence, and the plurality of ontological regimes are fundamental challenges for the assessment of nanotechnology. ...

The dissertation presents an analysis of the social representations of nanotechnology in the various local (cultural) contexts of their medialisation and studies the relationship which exists between metaphorical structures and the evolution of nanotechnology controversies. The relationship depends on multiple contexts—social, political, cultural, and epistemic—where both actors (agents) and structures must to be taken into consideration to give an account of particular events and trajectories of mattering. Metaphors affect, in particular, imaginaries of the nanoscale and future expectations of benefits and risks, and they also provide a semantic link to narrative elements and storytelling. They have proved to be both supportive and restrictive to the development of nanotechnology. The data used in this study ranges between the years 1999 and 2015, using approx. two thousand articles from Web of Science, the European Commission (CORDIS), and Czech, French, and British national (print) media. By integrating two analytical approaches, metaphor-in-discourse and the 'actantial' model of narrative, the analysis focuses on matters of concern and related metaphorical patterns and structures. Accordingly, the study is followed by a critical approach to the implications of metaphor use and related transformations linked to the dynamic of discourse and nanotechnology development. The case studies reveal that metaphors have three capacities: activating, generative, and organisational. These are based on metaphorical concepts linked to narrative structures and discursive formations. The relationship between metaphor and nanotechnology is isomorphic and made of paradox. Metaphors create protected spaces for technology development, but they also represent a genuine resource to be exploited by inserting ambiguity into the social processes. In conclusion, the metaphor capacities and biases, sociotechnical convergence, and the plurality of ontological regimes are fundamental challenges for the assessment of nanotechnology. ...

The 2007-08 and 2010-11 food crises, and especially their consequences on the poorest households, have led to a renewed interest for food price stabilisation. This thesis investigates three issues about food price volatility: the role of state trading enterprises for food security; the impact of information accuracy regarding natural or economic shocks on food price variations; and the consequences of increased transparency on international markets following the G20 summit of 2011. We derive public policies conclusions regarding trade policies and improvements of information systems. We also bring forward a methodological tool that is hardly applied to agricultural economics: imperfect information models. The applications presented in this thesis prove the relevance of this tool for analysing many agricultural issues. ; Les crises alimentaires de 2007-08 et 2010-11, et notamment leurs conséquences sur les ménages les plus pauvres, ont suscité un renouveau d'intérêt pour les politiques de stabilisation des prix. Cette thèse analyse trois aspects de la question de la volatilité des prix agricoles : le rôle des entreprises commerciales d'Etat pour la sécurité alimentaire ; l'effet de la qualité de l'information concernant des chocs naturels ou économiques sur les variations de prix agricoles ; et les conséquences de l'accroissement de la transparence sur les marchés internationaux engendrée entre autres par la mise en place de nouveaux systèmes d'information suite au G20 de 2011. Outre ses conclusions en termes de politiques publiques sur les politiques commerciales ou sur l'amélioration des systèmes d'information, cette thèse met en avant un outil rarement appliqué à l'économie agricole : les modèles d'information imparfaite. Les applications présentées ici prouvent la pertinence de cet outil et l'intérêt de son utilisation pour répondre à de nombreuses problématiques d'économie agricole.

The 2007-08 and 2010-11 food crises, and especially their consequences on the poorest households, have led to a renewed interest for food price stabilisation. This thesis investigates three issues about food price volatility: the role of state trading enterprises for food security; the impact of information accuracy regarding natural or economic shocks on food price variations; and the consequences of increased transparency on international markets following the G20 summit of 2011. We derive public policies conclusions regarding trade policies and improvements of information systems. We also bring forward a methodological tool that is hardly applied to agricultural economics: imperfect information models. The applications presented in this thesis prove the relevance of this tool for analysing many agricultural issues. ; Les crises alimentaires de 2007-08 et 2010-11, et notamment leurs conséquences sur les ménages les plus pauvres, ont suscité un renouveau d'intérêt pour les politiques de stabilisation des prix. Cette thèse analyse trois aspects de la question de la volatilité des prix agricoles : le rôle des entreprises commerciales d'Etat pour la sécurité alimentaire ; l'effet de la qualité de l'information concernant des chocs naturels ou économiques sur les variations de prix agricoles ; et les conséquences de l'accroissement de la transparence sur les marchés internationaux engendrée entre autres par la mise en place de nouveaux systèmes d'information suite au G20 de 2011. Outre ses conclusions en termes de politiques publiques sur les politiques commerciales ou sur l'amélioration des systèmes d'information, cette thèse met en avant un outil rarement appliqué à l'économie agricole : les modèles d'information imparfaite. Les applications présentées ici prouvent la pertinence de cet outil et l'intérêt de son utilisation pour répondre à de nombreuses problématiques d'économie agricole.

The 2007-08 and 2010-11 food crises, and especially their consequences on the poorest households, have led to a renewed interest for food price stabilisation. This thesis investigates three issues about food price volatility: the role of state trading enterprises for food security; the impact of information accuracy regarding natural or economic shocks on food price variations; and the consequences of increased transparency on international markets following the G20 summit of 2011. We derive public policies conclusions regarding trade policies and improvements of information systems. We also bring forward a methodological tool that is hardly applied to agricultural economics: imperfect information models. The applications presented in this thesis prove the relevance of this tool for analysing many agricultural issues. ; Les crises alimentaires de 2007-08 et 2010-11, et notamment leurs conséquences sur les ménages les plus pauvres, ont suscité un renouveau d'intérêt pour les politiques de stabilisation des prix. Cette thèse analyse trois aspects de la question de la volatilité des prix agricoles : le rôle des entreprises commerciales d'Etat pour la sécurité alimentaire ; l'effet de la qualité de l'information concernant des chocs naturels ou économiques sur les variations de prix agricoles ; et les conséquences de l'accroissement de la transparence sur les marchés internationaux engendrée entre autres par la mise en place de nouveaux systèmes d'information suite au G20 de 2011. Outre ses conclusions en termes de politiques publiques sur les politiques commerciales ou sur l'amélioration des systèmes d'information, cette thèse met en avant un outil rarement appliqué à l'économie agricole : les modèles d'information imparfaite. Les applications présentées ici prouvent la pertinence de cet outil et l'intérêt de son utilisation pour répondre à de nombreuses problématiques d'économie agricole.