Suchergebnisse

"Crowdsourcing" now gets 10 million hits on Google, and is being applied to research in commercial, media, academic, civil society and state spheres. Although appearing recent and technology-based, there are also relevant but overlooked manual precursors which embody the fundamentals of using large groups for research. This analytical review provides the bases for developing initiatives further, by assessing: What are the strategies, strengths and weaknesses of crowdsourcing research? What are the questions that should be asked when planning a research design? How is crowdsourcing being applied in relation to state crime, and why? What might be the implications for justice systems, and for criminal and international courts?

Le secteur de la grande distribution continue à recruter en période de crise, essentiellement sur des emplois à bas salaires. À partir d'une enquête qualitative menée à Paris et sa proche banlieue, cet article montre comment les pratiques de recrutement « s'ajustent » aux caractéristiques du système d'emploi (conditions de travail, mobilités, salaires) et aux segmentations qui traversent le secteur, en particulier entre employés et cadres mais également entre groupes et magasins indépendants. Il montre notamment comment les canaux, les outils et les critères de recrutement dessinent les contours de l'employabilité (disponibilité, proximité, attitude accueillante...). Ces pratiques n'évitent pas les discriminations, justifiant parfois qu'elles évoluent, avec un changement d'épreuves d'évaluation et des acteurs en présence.

Esta dissertação apresenta um primeiro estudo arqueológico sobre a escravidão com base em antigas fazendas oitocentistas de São Francisco do Sul (Santa Catarina), com o intuito de compreender a atuação da mão de obra escrava nesses espaços e a produção cultural presente nesses estabelecimentos. A pesquisa centrou-se, especificamente, nessa localidade por se tratar de um dos municípios mais antigos do estado catarinense e que, sobretudo no espaço rural, preservou na paisagem estruturas remanescentes do passado. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa levou em conta uma abordagem interdisciplinar fundamentada nos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da arqueologia da escravidão, uma linha de investigação da arqueologia histórica que combina diferentes fontes na análise de sítios arqueológicos do período escravista.

This article analyses People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals' (PETA) strategies for making social noise, a form of public communication that is sufficiently attention grabbing to be 'heard'. A common social noise tactic is shock advertising. It has a magic-bullet
effect; when PETA resorts to graphic video recordings of animal abuse, it instils feelings of 'shock' to get its point across. Unlike many other studies on PETA and its advertising strategies, this analysis is distinctive in that it mostly bases the principle of shock advertising
on the theory of social noise. The latter adds fresh insights to our understanding of visual legitimacy in the twenty-first century.

AbstractThis article aims to move beyond media discourse about "new atheism" by mapping and explaining anti-religious zeal among the public at large in 14 Western European countries. We analyze data from the International Social Survey Program, Religion III, 2008, to test two theories about how country-level religiousness affects anti-religiosity and its social bases: a theory of rationalization and a theory of deprivatization of disbelief. Hypotheses derived from the former are contradicted, whereas those derived from the latter are largely confirmed. Anti-religiosity is strongest among disbelievers and among the higher educated in the most religious countries and among the older generations in today's most secularized countries.

AbstractThis paper describes the components of a programme designed to prevent child maltreatment which includes the promising practices of a continuous engagement process, cognitive‐behavioural parent and skill teaching, and development of formal and informal supports for families. The programme was also designed to be implemented wide scale. Methods for assessment of strengths and needs, individualization of goals and intervention strategies, and assessment of goal achievement are also described. Finally, preliminary results of a programme implementation fidelity and outcome evaluation are summarized. The authors conclude that this programme is ready for a more rigorous efficacy trial to continue to build the evidence base for this promising intervention addressing a prevalent social problem.

The urban areas in Uganda are increasingly getting under pressure from a rapidly growing population. The challenge of a growing population has coincided with the central government policies that favour rural districts more than urban areas.The challenges that the urban areas face include the problem of two populations (the night and day time); high generation of garbage; poor revenue base; a growing informal sector; growing squatter settlements; deterioratingwater quality; and the limited institutional capacity to provide the required urban services. Financial resource mobilisation has been inadequate due to high costs oft= administration, low institutional capacity for enforcement, and a general public apathy to tax payment.

The purpose of this study is to understand the debt behavior based on internal factors, social factor and functional factors in the environment. Theory of planned behavior is used as theoritical base. The study was conducted to test the hypothesis that opinions toward debt behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence directly and / or indirectly to the debt behavior, where the intention act as a mediator between the exogenous variables to the dependent variable. Subjects of the study were 182 civil servants at City Government of Yogyakarta who participated voluntarily. Path analysis showed that debt behavior is influenced by debt intention with value of b=0.359, p=0.004 (p

Klimaændringer opfattes af klimaeksperter som et alvorligt globalt miljøproblem, der nødvendiggør massiv indgriben. Den folkelige opbakning synes dog ikke at reflektere denne bekymring. Spørgsmålet er, hvorfor der er denne forskel i risikoopfattelsen. Uenigheden mellem eksperter og lægmænd er vigtig at forstå, da den kan have alvorlige konsekvenser for effektiviteten af den førte klimapolitik. Kombinationen af økonomisk beslutningsteori og adfærdspsykologi kan give et bud på, hvorfor ikke-eksperter har en anden risikovurdering end eksperter. Hvis politikere, af vælgerhensyn, i det mindste delvist baserer klimapolitikken på ikke- eksperters vurdering, betyder det, at der er en stor risiko for en fejlslagen klimapolitik. En ændret og bedre kommunikation af klimaproblemets risikoprofil kunne imidlertid harmonisere klimaeksperter og befolkningens risikoopfattelse og dermed fremme en effektiv klimapolitisk indsats.

Mainstream economists usually identify a fundamental conflict between efficiency and justice in re-source allocation: markets are generally considered an efficient allocation tool, but create unequal results. Corresponding governmental redistribution shall equalize some of these market results, but leads to inefficiency due to disincentives both for net payers and net receivers. Consequently, this pa-per analyses the impact of social inequality on distributive choices in an experimental democracy. In our experiment, we find that stark inequality is generally accepted provided a strong egalitarian in-come floor is ensured. Even though our samples showed a very strong egalitarian inclination, complete egalitarianism was not a stable outcome. Some degree of differentiation always emerged on an initial egalitarian base.

Le 29 mai dernier, la Commission européenne adressait aux États membres de l'Union ses nouvelles recommandations de politique économique. Dans ces recommandations, la Commission préconise un report des objectifs de déficit public pour quatre pays de la zone euro (Espagne, France, Pays-Bas, Portugal), leur laissant plus de temps pour atteindre la cible de 3% de déficit public. L'Italie sort de la procédure de déficit excessif. Seule la Belgique est sommée d'intensifier ses efforts. Cette nouvelle feuille de route peut-elle être interprétée comme un changement de cap annonçant un assouplissement des politiques d'austérité en Europe ? Peut-on en attendre un retour de la croissance sur le vieux continent ? (.).

International audience ; L'amendement Jackson-Vanik (1974) a permis de limiter les exportations américaines vers les régimes communistes, pour contester le refus de l'émigration des citoyens soviétiques, principalement juifs. C'est sur cette base que l'intégration de la Russie dans l'OMC a été retardée par les USA, et contestée ensuite pour des raisons politiques,, contrairement à celle de la Chine pourtant moins avancée, à l'époque, dans la voie de la libéralisation de l'économie nationale. Aujourd'hui, les économies américaines et russe semblent moins en compétition, elles s'inscrivent naturellement plutôt dans l'ordre de la complémentarité et de la collaboration. Les Etats-Unis conduisent une politique commerciale qui s'apparente plus au mercantilisme qu'à la libéralisation mondiale des échanges.

La investigación en torno a la problemática agraria se articula con el pasado de un país que fue esencialmente agrario, en tanto el sector agropecuario se manifestó como el de mayor incidencia en el marco socio económico y político institucional durante varias décadas. Sobre esta base es preciso situar las tendencias en torno a la realidad y la política agraria; pero también marcar de alguna manera horizontes que profundicen y potencien aspectos positivos de la economía y la sociedad rural, con alcance democratizador en el más amplio de sus sentidos, e integrador desde el punto de vista social. ; Fil: Lázzaro, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata

CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration ; This text examines the population of Indian origin in Portugal, which comes mainly from three Indian states: Gujarat, Goa and Punjab. This population settled in Portugal in different waves, and correspondingly cultural institutions and various places of worship were built, associated with different religious traditions. This analysis relies on ethnographic reports, scientific publications, statistical data, and a mass media review. Thus, it provides historical information, demographic and socio-economic profiles, levels of integration and data on the legal framework of the Indian population living in Portugal. ; CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Este artículo analiza el tipo de mecanismos que estructuran los procesos de negociación y de tomade decisiones de la Unión Europea (UE). Para ello presentamos tres modelos de negociación querepresentan mecanismos explicativos distintos. Estos modelos son confrontados con datos empíricossobre los procesos de negociación y de toma de decisiones. La base de datos utilizada incluye elanálisis de 28 propuestas legislativas de la Comisión relacionadas con el proceso de negociación y66 propuestas legislativas relacionadas con el proceso de toma de decisiones. El análisis muestra quetanto el proceso de negociación como el proceso de toma de decisiones se estructuran principalmenteen términos de compromisos e intercambios políticos entre actores.