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Miskimmon, O'Loughlin and Zeng: Introduction -- Part I: Shaping Narratives: Contexts for Alignment -- Alister Miskimmon and Ben O'Loughlin (Queen's University Belfast and Royal Holloway, University of London): The EU's struggle for a strategic narrative on China -- Liu Chunrong, (Fudan University): Framing China-EU Sub-regional Cooperation: The Elusive Pursuit of Normative Resonance? -- Shi Zhiqin and Vasilis Trigkas (Tsinghua University), Reconstructing Geography, Power and Politics in the Belt & Road Initiative -- Zhenyan Xi (Sichuan University) – The Assessment of China's Economic Rise and Its Strategic Narrative in Europe -- Part II: Measuring Narratives: Analytical Tool of Perceptions -- Jinghan Zeng (Royal Holloway): The role of Europe in Chinese strategic narratives: "Belt and Road Initiative" and "New Type of Great Power relations" -- Junchi Ma (Institute for European Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences): The paradoxes between narrator and audience in the China's narrative of Belt and Road Initiative -- Li Zhang (Tsinghua University)- China's Belt and Road Initiative in the European Media: A Mixed Narrative? -- Feng Zhongping and Huang Jing (China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations), Chinese strategic narratives of Europe since the European debt crisis -- Floor Keuleers (Leuven): Choosing the Better Devil: Reception of EU and Chinese Narratives on Development by South African University Students -- Carolijn van Noort (Otago/UWE): Visual Analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative: The Securing of a Regional Geopolitical Order, China's Identity, and Infrastructure Development Narratives -- Miskimmon, O'Loughlin and Zeng: Conclusions.

European integration has had, and is continuing to have, an enormous impact on the state of Europe: through transforming the nation-state; creating new supranational institutions and joint policy-making; integrating markets and liberalizing trade; fiscal redistribution; and through fostering the formation of transnational elite networks and growing identification with Europe; but also through accentuating social friction; raising concerns about the remoteness of supranational policy-making and serving as a focal point for 'Eurosceptic' political mobilization. Thus, it is increasingly crucial for researchers, students and citizens to understand the complex history of the present-day European Union. This book provides them with a highly accessible state of the art introduction to how historians and social scientists have conceptualized, written about, and debated this increasingly shared contemporary history of Europe since World War II.

The TEPSA pre-Presidency Conference which took place at the University Campus, Valletta, came at a very important cross-road in the life of the EU. Just before the start of the Maltese presidency of the Council of the EU two important events in world politics have cast their shadow on the future of Europe, namely the election of Donald Trump by a minority of votes as the next President of the US and the June referendum in Britain where a small majority voted to pull Britain out of the Union. The Trans-European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA) was founded in 1974 with the help of the London based Federal Trust. Prior to the start of every new presidency of the Council of the EU, it organizes a pre-presidency conference in the country concerned and presents its recommendations to the incoming presidency. The conference in Malta was held on the 10 and 11 November 2017 and the main theme was RESTORING FAITH IN THE EU: STRENGTHEN SOLIDARITY, UNITY AND DETERMINATION. It was inaugurated by the Hon Louis Grech MP, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for European Affairs and Implementation of the Electoral Manifesto who spoke about the Priorities of Malta's Presidency of the Council of the EU. The proceedings began with brief introductory speeches by Prof Jaap de Zwaan, Secretary General of TEPSA and Professor Roderick Pace of the Institute for European Studies which organized the event. The first session was moderated by Dr Peter Agius, Head of the European Parliament Office in Malta. Around 50 representatives from the member institutes of TEPSA in the 28 member states attended the conference together with more than 60 locally based participants who included students, civil servants, members of the public and of the diplomatic corps. The Hon Dr Ian Borg, Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry for European Affairs and Implementation of the Electoral Manifesto responsible for the EU Presidency 2017 and EU Funds, later participated in a discussion on the Minister's presentation and the TEPSA recommendations. Late in the ...

This paper examines the role of the European Union (EU) in influencing employment in the tourism industry of its member states. Tourism in EU accounts for about 5% of GDP and approximately 7.4 million persons are directly employed in tourism. The figure of persons directly employed in tourism varies from 1.7 to 7.8 depending on the member state. Due to the potential of EU tourism for generating jobs in this paper undertakes a review over the problems related to tourism employment in member states and analyses the formation and development of EU policies and initiatives towards tourism employment. Finally, this paper discusses the implications of the findings for torism employment in EU and provides the conclusions of the study.

This article provides a case study of the controversy surrounding the regulation of agricultural biotechnology in the European Union. It interprets the recent struggles surrounding attempts to license Bovine Somatotropin (BST), a synthesised hormone which increases dairy production, in relation to the claims of contemporary social theorists relating to the concept of 'reflexive modernisation'. In this example of a late modern policy debate, existing regulatory and political institutions have had limited success in resolving conflict. In a context characterised by a general incapacity for institutional learning and development, it is argued that the European Parliament has provided a significant focus for debate.

DURING THE LAST DECADE 'EUROPEAN UNION' HAS BECOME something of a modern catchphrase in the European Community. In its simplest form it is a protean concept which serves as a convenient label for all those who advocate a more regulated and binding Community, though their conception may not necessarily be restricted to the present Community of Ten. 'European Union' first emerged at the Paris conference of heads of government in October 1972. There it was agreed that the Community's main objective was to transform, before the end of the decade, 'the whole complex of the relations of Member States into a European Union'. The communiqué issued after the Paris meeting of the heads of government on 10 December 1974 reaffirmed this commitment and urged the Community of Nine to 'agree as soon as possible on an overall concept of European Union'.

The two ways in which the European Union might represent a challenge to the concentration of power in the US are explored to argue that the internal contradictions of European leadership & present developments in the world economy threaten to destabilize the entire structure of the EU. A brief historical narrative traces the process of European construction sponsored by the US since 1949, which achieved a strong European economy without creating major problems for the US. The frictions between the US & French led European order of 1958-1969, the low point of US prestige at the end of the 70s & the neoliberal zeitgeist were the context for the European response with the Single European Act of 1986 which gave rise to the EU. Analysis of the Single Act identifies the system of supranational law, & the unbalanced nature of European construction. The current efforts of the EU to integrate member states financial systems & to build huge liquid markets in euro dominated securities are hindered by the way the EU elites conceive financial integration. Overcoming the internal contradictions of the EU would require rejection of the purely market creating focus of the present EU, & a determination to preserve & develop the deep integration achieved over the last half-century. Only if progressive forces of opposition to find enough common ground to redirect rather than dismantle the EU, the significant challenge to US hegemony emerge on the old continent. References. J. Harwell

The European Union has played a leading role in pushing for the establishment, ratification, and meaningful implementation of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, although it still has significant efforts to make to achieve its target of an 8 percent cut of greenhouse gas by 2008-2012 relative to the 1990 level. This article explores the political factors behind continued EU leadership in climate change. It argues that a few individual states (including Sweden, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, and the UK) played an essential role in establishing the EU's agenda in this domain. However, the decentralized governance structure of the EU has also encouraged a process of mutual reinforcement, whereby individual states, the European Commission, and the European Parliament are competing for leadership. Adapted from the source document.