Suchergebnisse

Tail-pieces. ; "Errata.": foot of verso of contents leaf. ; Advertisement: 12 numbered pages at front. ; Verso of t.p. blank. ; ESTC ; Mode of access: Internet.

his paper aims to illustrate how institutionalized education has been a significant identity management strategy for an ethnic group in Romania. After its foundation in 1872, the University of Kolozsvár (Cluj) was regarded as a provincial higher education establishment within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, meant to satisfy merely regional demands. Although legally the two Hungarian universities (in Budapest and Kolozsvar) were considered equal in rank, government and society gave priority to the first one. It is only over time that the University of Kolozsvár proved its utility. This change of image resulted in a leading position, especially at the start of the twentieth century. After the outbreak of the World War I, the activity of the University witnessed disruptions due to the drafting of many professors and students into the Army. The end of the the war not only meant the achievement of 'national unity' for Romania, but also generated significant changes for Ferenc József University, beginning with the process of dismissing minorities from the public sector and replacing them with Romanians. After the Second Vienna Award, the University of Cluj became Hungarian once again. The historical lesson of the inter-war period on the treatment of minorities had to be prevented from repeating itself, and within the new geopolitical context the USSR seemed the guarantor for the final resolution of the ethnic rivalries and resentments. In this ideological context, on 29 May 1945 two royal decrees sanctioned the functioning of two distinct universities in Cluj; the Hungarian university János Bolyai officially opened its doors. The preservation of a representative higher education institution for the Hungarian minority in Cluj, adapted to the new political realities, was achieved. But after Stalin's death in 1953 the feelings of 'national specificity' resurged, and national histories were re-individualized and reconstructed. The events in Budapest in the autumn of 1956 offered further reasons for central authorities to rethink the 'national domain'. In the years to come, propaganda insisted on the futility of institutional separation between the Romanian and Hungarian students in Cluj. Hence, a meeting of the unification commissions, held in 1959 led to the fusion of the two universities. This evolution of the University of Cluj shows the constraints, openings, compromises, and 'avatars' of the most important institution of higher education in Transylvania, which continues to function as a source of symbolic prestige and social capital for both Hungarians and Romanians.

Histories are often relegated to the sidelines of economic study. But what do we lose in our theories when we only focus on the math and models?

In his new book, "Ages of American Capitalism", University of Chicago historian Jonathan Levy looks at the turning points in the history of capitalism and what those moments can teach us about today.

INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of published data on the type of conditions that require surgery among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Such information is necessary for assessing the impact of such conditions on child health and for setting priorities to improve paediatric surgical care. METHODS: Described in the article is a 29-month prospective study of all children aged < 15 years who were admitted to a government referral hospital in the Gambia from January 1996 to May 1998. RESULTS: A total of 1726 children were admitted with surgical problems. Surgical patients accounted for 11.3% of paediatric admissions and 34,625 total inpatient days. The most common admission diagnoses were injuries (46.9%), congenital anomalies (24.3%), and infections requiring surgery (14.5%). The diagnoses that accounted for the greatest number of inpatient days were burns (18.8%), osteomyelitis (15.4%), fractures (12.7%), soft tissue injuries (3.9%), and head injuries (3.4%). Gambian children were rarely admitted for appendicitis and never admitted for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The leading causes of surgical deaths were burns, congenital anomalies, and injuries other than burns. DISCUSSION: Prevention of childhood injuries and better trauma management, especially at the primary and secondary health care levels, should be the priorities for improving paediatric surgical care in sub-Saharan Africa. Surgical care of children should be considered an essential component of child health programmes in developing countries.

This study examines the effect of HMO and for-profit HMO share on the survival of safety net services and profitable services in hospitals. Using data from 1990-2003 and proportional hazard models, I find that hospitals in high HMO markets started out having lower hazard of shutting down services in 1990-1994 than those in low HMO markets, but their hazard rates increase over time. By 2000-2003, hospitals in high HMO markets ended up with higher risk of shutting down profitable services than those in low HMO markets. Conditional on overall HMO penetration, markets with higher for-profit share of HMOs have highr hazard of shutting down services, and the gap in survival between high and low for profit HMO markets is bigger in high HMO areas. Lastly, I find that the hazard rate of shutting down profitable services is comparable among not-for-profit, for-profit, and government hospitals, while the hazard of shutting down safety net services is the highest in for-profit hospitals and lowest in government hospitals.

Founded long ago in the late 15th century, All Saints Hospital and the Misericórdia [House of Mercy] of Lisbon were united on June 27, 1564, after the confraternity accepted the invitation from the kingdom s regent, Cardinal Infante D. Henrique, to govern his esprital de todos os sanctos da dita cidade como convem ao serviço de nosso Senhor e ao meu [All Saints Hospital in said city as befits the service of our Lord and mine] (Pereira, 1998, p. 252). Two centuries later, on January 31, 1775, secretary of state of the kingdom Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the future Count of Oeiras and Marquis of Pombal, proclaimed the restauração e nova fundação da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa e dos hospitais dos enfermos e inocentes expostos [restoration and new foundation of the Lisbon Misericórdia and of the hospitals for the sick and foundlings] (ANTT, Ministério do Reino, Livro 376, f. 16), imprinting his mark of reform upon the two institutions that continued to dominate relief work in the country, by then symbolically installed in the buildings of the Society of Jesus: the church and house of São Roque and the College of Santo Antão-o-Novo. The new stage in the life of the hospital and Misericórdia had been set to coincide with the beginning of the year according to the secretary of state s wishes, beginning with the transfer of the sick from All Saints to Santo Antão, but it was postponed until April due to delays in the works (ANTT, Ministério do Reino, Livro 376, fs. 79-79v.; Hospital de São José, Livro 944, n.º 5). However, it was not in fact a reunification, as suggested by Victor Ribeiro (Ribeiro, 1998, p. 124), because the confraternity had not been dispossessed of the hospital. Rather, it was a decisive moment in a transformation underway since the 1755 earthquake, a project completed the following November, with the abolition of the Misericórdia of Lisbon s 1618 constitution. In this article, we intend to reflect on the evolving relationship between All Saints Hospital and the Misericórdia of Lisbon during the government of Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo as secretary of state of the kingdom. At a time characterized by state control, we intend to outline the secretary of state s policies regarding these two institutions and evaluate their effectiveness. To this end, we use some information from previous studies (Abreu, 2013, pp. 28-43) on the financial organization of the new relief structure that dictated the end of All Saints and, in light of the documentation produced by the hospital,reanalyse the Breve Memorial [Brief Memoir] by the chief nurse, Jorge Francisco Machado de Mendonça Eça Castro Vasconcelos and Magalhães (Mendonça, 1761).

"From Plato and Aristotle's theories of change to recent debates about transformative experience in metaphysics and epistemology, the concept of transformation plays a fascinating part in the history of philosophy. However, until now there has been no sustained exploration of the full extent of its role. Transformation and the History of Philosophy is an outstanding survey of the history, nature and development of the idea of transformation, from the classical period to the twentieth century. Comprising twenty-two specially commissioned chapters by an international team of contributors, the volume is divided into four clear parts: Philosophy as Transformative: Ancient China, Greece, India, and Rome Transformation Between the Human and the Divine: Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy Transformation After the Copernican Revolution: Post-Kantian Philosophy Treatises, Pregnancies, Psychedelics, and Epiphanies: Twentieth-Century Philosophy. Each of these sections begins with an introduction by the editors. Transformation and the History of Philosophy is essential reading for students and researchers in the history of philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, non-western philosophy and aesthetics. It will also be extremely useful for those in related disciplines such as religion, sociology and the history of ideas"--

The 1990's will see dramatic changes for the health care industry. At no previous time have both public and private health care institutions faced a more turbulent, confusing and threatening environment. Changes in health care arena will come from Federal, State and local governments; international as well as domestic economic and market forces; demographic shifts and life style changes; and structural evolution of the health care industry including mergers, integrations and competition. The health care industry faces increasing financial pressures due to fundamentally new forces that affect the very viability of many health care organizations. Such pressures include prospective payment, increased competition, diminished Federal monies, new technological development, the increased growth and bargaining power of preferred provider organizations (PPO's), and growing employer and consumer demands for more cost-effective care. Faced with all these problems, health care executives have chosen different management strategies as a way to pilot their organizations from acquisitions, closures and liquidations to more profitable and viable facilities. In order to assess the likely impact the various management systems may have on Virginia acute care hospitals profitability, market share, market growth potential and personnel (staff), turnover rates, the survey method with appropriate questions addressing these areas of concern was used. In order to investigate the possible differences among the various management systems in regard to their likely impact on the profitability, market share, market growth potential and staff turnover rates, the analysis of variance techniques was explored. Analysis of variance often abbreviated with the acronym ANOVA. is a broad class of techniques for identifying and measuring the various sources of variation within a collection of data. The different management systems were found not to have any significant difference regarding the institutions profitability, market share, market growth potential or personnel turnover rates. However, it was found that hospitals which are classified as diversified not-for-profit had greater market of general inpatient care (SI) than the hospitals which have different diversification classification. In conclusion, the results of the data analysis did not support earlier findings in which differences in management systems were responsible for hospital performance variations.