Suchergebnisse

International commitments may sit uneasily with national pressures in the best of times. This age of economic uncertainty brings these tensions into sharper relief. This volume draws together thirteen analyses of this tension in a wide array of contexts, including each of the three main pillars of the World Trade Organization, international investment law and arbitration, and the international financial institutions. The essays feature internationally recognised experts addressing topical examples of international economic law obligations clashing with domestic political interests. For example, Professor Robert Howse, of New York University Law School, addresses issues of globalization and whether international and national interests can in today's world be considered separate, while Ko-Yung Tung, the former Director-General of the World Bank, looks at trends in investment treaty arbitration and considers what the future may hold in light of the recent financial crisis, the rise of China as an economic powerhouse, and other factors

This interdisciplinary exploration of the modern historiography of international law invites a diverse assessment of the indissoluble unity of the old and the new in the most global of all legal disciplines. The study of the history of international law does not only serve a better understanding of how international law has evolved to become what it is and what it is not. Its histories, which rethink the past in the present, also influence our perception of contemporary matters in international law and our understandings of how they may potentially unfold. This multi-perspectival enquiry into the dominant modes of international legal history and its fundamental debates may also help students of both international law and history to identify the historical approaches that best suit their international legal-historical perspectives and best address their historical and legal research questions

The twelfth annual meeting of the Board of Governors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was held in Washington, D.C., September 23–26, 1957, under the chairmanship of Miguel Cuaderno, Sr. The meeting included four plenary sessions, two of which were held jointly with the International Monetary Fund, and two meetings of the Joint Procedures Committee.

Forty-seven nations were represented at the third annual meeting of the Board of Governors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which was held in Washington from September 27 to October 1, 1948. Yun-wu Wang, Minister of Finance of China, acted as chairman of the joint sessions with the International Monetary Fund and also presided at other Bank meetings.

AbstractRecent trends in international law scholarship recycle objections to international law advanced by an earlier generation of political and legal realists. Such objections fail to understand the place of international law in the global order. To understand that place, we must distinguish the idea of the rule of law from other understandings of law. That idea is an inherently moral one. Theories of international law that ignore the moral element in law cannot distinguish law as a constraint on power from law as an instrument of power. A Kantian theory of international law can help to recover that moral element.

This article considers the rise and fall of the first institution of international academic cooperation on international relations, the International Studies Conference (ISC), which was established in 1928 and continued activities into the 1950s. Its formation preceded by decades the present ISA as well as the international organisation of political scientists. The demise of the ISC was a result of the failings of the ISC itself, the influence of UNESCO especially its Department of Social Sciences, and the challenge posed to the ISC by the formation of the International Political Science Association.

In the last decades the interaction between labour standards and international trade has assumed new importance. We use an incentive based-approach to assess the efficiency of trade policy instruments and private schemes for the promotion of international labour standards in Southern Firms. We show that trade policy instruments may implement minimum standards. On the other hand, we find that private schemes may overcome minimum standards if and only if there is an exclusive contract between the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and the Southern firm, due to free riding effect. ; Ces dernières années, la relation entre normes du travail et commerce international s'est intensifiée. Nous utilisons une approche basée sur les incitations pour évaluer l'efficacité des instruments de politiques commerciales et des mécanismes privés pour la promotion des normes internationales du travail dans les firmes du Sud. Nous montrons que les instruments de politiques commerciales peuvent appliquer les normes minimales. Cependant, nous trouvons que les mecanismes privés peuvent dépasser les normes minimales si et seulement si, il existe un contrat exclusif entre l'entreprise multinationale et le sous-traitant, due à l'effet de passager clandestin.

In the last decades the interaction between labour standards and international trade has assumed new importance. We use an incentive based-approach to assess the efficiency of trade policy instruments and private schemes for the promotion of international labour standards in Southern Firms. We show that trade policy instruments may implement minimum standards. On the other hand, we find that private schemes may overcome minimum standards if and only if there is an exclusive contract between the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and the Southern firm, due to free riding effect. ; Ces dernières années, la relation entre normes du travail et commerce international s'est intensifiée. Nous utilisons une approche basée sur les incitations pour évaluer l'efficacité des instruments de politiques commerciales et des mécanismes privés pour la promotion des normes internationales du travail dans les firmes du Sud. Nous montrons que les instruments de politiques commerciales peuvent appliquer les normes minimales. Cependant, nous trouvons que les mecanismes privés peuvent dépasser les normes minimales si et seulement si, il existe un contrat exclusif entre l'entreprise multinationale et le sous-traitant, due à l'effet de passager clandestin.

In the last decades the interaction between labour standards and international trade has assumed new importance. We use an incentive based-approach to assess the efficiency of trade policy instruments and private schemes for the promotion of international labour standards in Southern Firms. We show that trade policy instruments may implement minimum standards. On the other hand, we find that private schemes may overcome minimum standards if and only if there is an exclusive contract between the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and the Southern firm, due to free riding effect. ; Ces dernières années, la relation entre normes du travail et commerce international s'est intensifiée. Nous utilisons une approche basée sur les incitations pour évaluer l'efficacité des instruments de politiques commerciales et des mécanismes privés pour la promotion des normes internationales du travail dans les firmes du Sud. Nous montrons que les instruments de politiques commerciales peuvent appliquer les normes minimales. Cependant, nous trouvons que les mecanismes privés peuvent dépasser les normes minimales si et seulement si, il existe un contrat exclusif entre l'entreprise multinationale et le sous-traitant, due à l'effet de passager clandestin.

In the last decades the interaction between labour standards and international trade has assumed new importance. We use an incentive based-approach to assess the efficiency of trade policy instruments and private schemes for the promotion of international labour standards in Southern Firms. We show that trade policy instruments may implement minimum standards. On the other hand, we find that private schemes may overcome minimum standards if and only if there is an exclusive contract between the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and the Southern firm, due to free riding effect. ; Ces dernières années, la relation entre normes du travail et commerce international s'est intensifiée. Nous utilisons une approche basée sur les incitations pour évaluer l'efficacité des instruments de politiques commerciales et des mécanismes privés pour la promotion des normes internationales du travail dans les firmes du Sud. Nous montrons que les instruments de politiques commerciales peuvent appliquer les normes minimales. Cependant, nous trouvons que les mecanismes privés peuvent dépasser les normes minimales si et seulement si, il existe un contrat exclusif entre l'entreprise multinationale et le sous-traitant, due à l'effet de passager clandestin.

In the last decades the interaction between labour standards and international trade has assumed new importance. We use an incentive based-approach to assess the efficiency of trade policy instruments and private schemes for the promotion of international labour standards in Southern Firms. We show that trade policy instruments may implement minimum standards. On the other hand, we find that private schemes may overcome minimum standards if and only if there is an exclusive contract between the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and the Southern firm, due to free riding effect. ; Ces dernières années, la relation entre normes du travail et commerce international s'est intensifiée. Nous utilisons une approche basée sur les incitations pour évaluer l'efficacité des instruments de politiques commerciales et des mécanismes privés pour la promotion des normes internationales du travail dans les firmes du Sud. Nous montrons que les instruments de politiques commerciales peuvent appliquer les normes minimales. Cependant, nous trouvons que les mecanismes privés peuvent dépasser les normes minimales si et seulement si, il existe un contrat exclusif entre l'entreprise multinationale et le sous-traitant, due à l'effet de passager clandestin.